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Why Ethnic Subaltern-Led Parties Crowd Out Armed Organizations: Explaining Maoist Violence in India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 March 2019

Kanchan Chandra  and
Omar García-Ponce
Kanchan Chandra
Affiliation:
New York University New York and Abu Dhabi email: kanchan.chandra@gmail.com
Omar García-Ponce
Affiliation:
University of California, Davis email: omar.garciaponce@gmail.com
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Abstract

This article asks why some Indian districts experience chronic Maoist violence while others do not. The answer helps to explain India’s Maoist civil war, which is the product of the accumulation of violence in a few districts, as well as to generate a new hypothesis about the causes of civil war more generally. The authors argue that, other things equal, the emergence of subaltern-led parties at the critical juncture before armed organizations enter crowds them out: the stronger the presence of subaltern-led political parties in a district at this juncture, the lower the likelihood of experiencing chronic armed violence subsequently. They develop their argument through field research and test its main prediction using an original, district-level data set on subaltern incorporation and Maoist violence in India between 1967 and 2008. The article contributes a new, party-based explanation to the literatures on both civil war and Maoist violence in India. It also introduces new district-level data on the Maoist movement and on the incorporation of subaltern ethnic groups by political parties in India.

Keywords

civil warclientelismethnic partiesIndialeftMaoistpartiespatronageviolence
Type
Research Article
Information
World Politics , Volume 71 , Issue 2 , April 2019 , pp. 367 - 416
Copyright
Copyright © Trustees of Princeton University 2019 

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