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The application of the microalgae Chlorella spp. as a supplement in broiler feed

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2019

S.A. ABDELNOUR ,
M.E. ABD EL-HACK Open the ORCID record for M.E. ABD EL-HACK [Opens in a new window] ,
M. ARIF ,
A.F. KHAFAGA  and
A.E. TAHA
S.A. ABDELNOUR
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
M.E. ABD EL-HACK*
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
M. ARIF
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
A.F. KHAFAGA
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
A.E. TAHA
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22578, Egypt
*
Corresponding author: m.ezzat@zu.edu.eg; dr.mohamed.e.abdalhaq@gmail.com
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Abstract

Chlorella (vulgaris spp.; CLV) is a genus of unicellular freshwater microalgae that are fit for human consumption and are used as additives with high nutritional value in feed for agriculturally important animals. Chlorella spp. are characterised by their simple cultivation, high productivity and levels of protein and other nutrients. Investigations have shown that the growth performance of broilers can be positively affected by the addition of very low amounts of CLV biomass (0.5-1.0% of the diet) to feed. The effect of CLV on growth and development is considered to stem from its high protein content (60.6%) and nutritional value. Results have shown enhanced body weight gain (2.7%), better feed conversion ratio (lowered by 2.8%), meat colour and breast muscle weight (20.1%) in CLV-supplemented chicks compared to control birds (control breast weight 19.1%). Additionally, a significant decrease in drip loss (2.26%) from breast muscle was observed with CLV supplementation and levels of blood total protein, albumin, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol significantly increased (P<0.05), while the levels of liver enzymes indicative of oxidative damage (alanine aminotransferase, ALT) decreased by 23.2%, indicating better liver function. In terms of immunity, blood lymphocytes were increased in broilers fed a diet supplemented with liquid CLV (17.9 x 103/µl) compared with birds supplemented with dry CLV (13.5 x 103/µl). Additionally, the levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM were elevated by 29.7%, 69.1%, and 32.3%, respectively, in broilers that consumed feed containing CLV. Similarly, the intestinal diversity and abundance of Lactobacillus spp. were significantly increased (9.9 ± 1.88 and 8.99 log10 CFU/g, respectively) by dietary supplementation with liquid CLV compared to that in non-treated chicks (8.7 ± 1.22 and 8.51 log10 CFU/g, respectively). Energy digestibility was increased significantly by 1.29% in CLV-treated chicks compared to the control chicks. This review highlights the findings associated with the utilisation of CLV biomass as a feed supplement and its effect on broiler growth and health.

Keywords

Chlorella vulgarismicroalgaebroilerfeedgrowthmeat qualityimmunity
Type
Review
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 75 , Issue 2 , June 2019 , pp. 305 - 318
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2019 

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