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Composting of poultry dead birds and litter

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2015

A. MAHMUD ,
S. MEHMOOD ,
J. HUSSAIN  and
S. AHMAD
A. MAHMUD
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Pakistan
S. MEHMOOD
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Pakistan
J. HUSSAIN
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Pakistan
S. AHMAD*
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Pakistan
*
Corresponding author: sohail.ahmad@uvas.edu.pk
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Abstract

Composting is the enhanced biological decomposition of organic materials in a primarily aerobic environment. During the process, microorganisms break down organic materials to stable, usable organic substances in a process which consumes oxygen and releases heat, water, and CO2. Under controlled conditions, the composting process is described in two phases, primary and secondary. Chemical and physical properties of the raw wastes affect the rate of composting. Particle size and surface area of the waste material influence the type of microorganisms involved and the degree of biological activity in the composting process. Composting allows safe disposal of birds and manure and reduces environmental degradation. Composting of poultry manure and dead birds is still a debatable topic, however, with some scientists in favour of composting due to its overwhelming advantages while others are against composting due to certain disadvantages/environmental hazards. The present article is an effort to encompass the overall composting process, its applications as well as troubleshooting various associated issues.

Keywords

compostingdead birdspoultry litterphysicalchemical changes
Type
Reviews
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 71 , Issue 4 , December 2015 , pp. 621 - 629
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2015 

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