Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T14:21:34.322Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Growth performance and metabolic response of the gastrointestinal tract of turkeys to diets with different levels of mannan-oligosaccharide

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2007

J. JUŚKIEWICZ ,
Z. ZDUÑCZYK  and
J. JANKOWSKI
J. JUŚKIEWICZ*
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-747Olsztyn, Poland
Z. ZDUÑCZYK
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-747Olsztyn, Poland
J. JANKOWSKI
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718Olsztyn, Poland
*
*Corresponding author: glebczo@pan.olsztyn.pl
Get access

Abstract

In four studies, we evaluated the influence of dietary MOS on the performance of turkeys and their intestinal health status at various stages of the production. Turkey growth, feed efficiency and large intestine parameters were examined after 4-, 8- and 16-week administration of diets with different levels (0.1 to 1.0%) of a MOS. The experimental 4- and 8-week feeding with various levels of MOS (up to 0.5%) did not affect the productivity of the birds, yet medium (0.4 and 0.2% in the first and second 8-wk periods, respectively) and high (1.0 and 0.4% in the first and second 8-wk periods, respectively) levels of dietary MOS were found to significantly increase live body weight after feeding for 16 weeks. At the age of 8 weeks, we observed a similar effect of MOS and inulin on the productivity parameters. The caecal metabolism was affected by dietary mannan variously depending on the dose of MOS and the age of birds. Generally, the dietary mannan-oligosaccharides more considerably changed caecal metabolism at early ages. At 4 weeks of age, we found some positive effects of adding MOS to the diet, such as lowering ammonia concentration and decreasing β-glucuronidase activity in the caeca, as well as some negative effects, including decreased bacterial glycolytic activity and raised pH of digesta. In our 8-week experiment, non-linear changes were observed in the parameters of caecal digesta at different doses of MOS. It seems that dietary supplementation with 0.25% MOS, compared to other doses, exerted a specific effect on gut-colonizing microflora enhancing its proliferation and activity, which has been reflected in a higher concentration of Lowry's protein and an increased glycolytic activity. After feeding the turkeys for 16 weeks, their caecal metabolism was affected by dietary MOS to some extent. Although MOS did not change the caecal pH or the bacterial enzyme activity, when applied at medium and higher doses it decreased ammonia as well as SCFA concentration (mainly acetate) in the caecal digesta. Dietary MOS had no significant effect on the caecal populations of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, whereas the populations of caecal E. coli were observed to decrease, especially upon medium and high experimental concentrations.

Keywords

mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS)gastrointestinal tractbacteriapHmetabolismturkey
Type
Review Article
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 62 , Issue 4 , December 2006 , pp. 612 - 625
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

CUMMINGS, J.H. and MACFARLANE, G.T. (1991) The control and consequences of bacterial fermentation in the human colon. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 70: 443–459.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DJOUZI, Z. and ANDRIEUX, C. (1997) Compared effect of the three oligosaccharides on metabolism of intestinal microflora on rats inoculated with a human faecal flora. British Journal of Nutrition 78: 313–324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
FAIRCHILD, A.S., GRIMES, J.L., JONES, F.T., WINELAND, M.J., EDENS, F.W. and SEFTON, A.E. (2001) Effects of hen age, Bio-Mos and Flavomycin on poult susceptibility to oral Escherichia coli challenge. Poultry Science 80: 562–571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
FRANKEL, W.L., ZHANG, W., SINGH, A., KLURFELD, D.M., DON, S., SAKATA, T., MODLIN, I. and ROMBEAU, J.L. (1994) Mediation of the trophic effects of short-chain fatty acids on the rat jejunum and colon. Gastroenterology 106: 375–380.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
FRITTS, C.A. and WALDROUP, P.W. (2003) Evaluation of Bio-Mos mannan oligosaccharide as a replacement for growth promoting antibiotics in diets for turkeys. International Journal of Poultry Science 2: 19–22.Google Scholar
HOFIREK, B. and HAAS, D. (2001) Comparative studies of ruminal fluid collected by oral tube or by puncture of the caudorental ruminal sac. Acta Veterinaria Brno 70: 27–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HOOGE, D.M. (2003) Dietary mannan oligosaccharides improve broiler and turkey performance: metaanalysis of pen trials around the world. Page 113–124 in Proceedings of the Alltech's 19th Annual Symposium: Nutritional Biotechnology in the Feed and Food Industries. Lyons, T.P. and Jacques, K.A. ed. Nottingham University Press, Loughborough, Leics, UK.Google Scholar
JÓZEFIAK, D., RUTKOWSKI, A. and MARTIN, S.A. (2004) Carbohydrate fermentation in the avian ceca: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 113: 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
JUŚKIEWICZ, J., ZDUÑCZYK, Z. and JANKOWSKI, J. (2003) Effect of adding mannan-oligosaccharide to the diet on the performance, weight of digestive tract segments, and caecal digesta parameters in young turkeys. Journal of Animal and Feed Science 12: 133–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
JUŚKIEWICZ, J., ZDUÑCZYK, Z. and JANKOWSKI, J. (2004) Selected parameters of gastrointestinal tract metabolism of turkeys fed diets with flavomycin and different inulin content. World's Poultry Science Journal 60: 177–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
JUŚKIEWICZ, J., ZDUÑCZYK, Z., MATUSEVICIUS, P. and BRZUZAN, Ł. (2005) Effect of lowdigestible carbohydrates on caecal ammonia concentration in rats and turkeys. Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics 31: 63–66.Google Scholar
NEWMAN, K.E. (1994) Mannan-oligosaccharides: Natural polymers with significant impact on the gastrointestinal microflora and the immune system. Biotechnology in the feed industry. Pages 167–174 in Proceedings of Alltech's 10th Annual Symposium Lyons, T.P. and Jaques, K.A. ed. Nottingham University Press, Loughborough, Leics, UK.Google Scholar
PATTERSON, J.A. and BURKHOLDER, K.M. (2003) Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production. Poultry Science 82: 627–631.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
REDDY, B.S., ENGLE, A., SIMI, B. and GOLDMAN, M. (1992) Effect of dietary fiber on colonic bacterial enzymes and bile acids in relation to colon cancer. Gastroenterology 102: 1475–1482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ROLAND, N., NUGON-Baudon, L. and RABOT, S. (1993) Interactions between the intestinal flora and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and their health consequences. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics 74: 123–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ROSEN, G.D. (2004) Optimizing the replacement of pronutrient antibiotics in poultry nutrition. Pages: 93–101 in Proceedings of Alltech's 20th International Symposium Lyons, T.P. and Jacques, K.A. ed. Nottingham Univ. Press, Thrumpton, UK.Google Scholar
ROSEN, G.D. (2006) Holo-analysis. Poultry Science 85: 957–959.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SAKO, T., MATSUMOTO, K. and TANAKA, R. (1999) Recent progress on research and applications of nondigestible galacto-oligosaccharides. International Dairy Journal 9: 69–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAVAGE, T.F. and ZAKRZEWSKA, E.I. (1997) The performance of male turkeys fed a starter diet containing a mannan oligosaccharide. Zootechnica International 20: 30–32.Google Scholar
SPRING, P., WENK, C., DAWSON, K.A. and NEWMAN, K.E. (2000) The effects of dietary mannanooligosacharides on cecal parameters and the concentrations of enteric bacteria in the ceca of salmonella-challenged broiler chicks. Poultry Science 79: 205–211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
STAŃCZUK, J., ZDUŃCZYK, J., JUŚKIEWICZ, J. and JANKOWSKI, J. (2005) Indices of response of young turkeys to diets containing mannan-oligosaccharide or inulin. Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics 31: 98–101.Google Scholar
TERADA, A., HARA, H., SAKAMOTO, J., SATO, N., MITSUOKA, T., MINO, R., HARA, FUJIMORI I. and YAMADA, T. (1994) Effects of dietary supplementation with lactosucrose (4G-beta-Dgalactosylsucrose) on cecal flora, cecal metabolites and performance in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 73: 1663–1672.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
VAN, DER WIELEN P.W., BIESTERVELD, S., NOTERMANS, S., HOFSTRA, H., URLINGS, B.A.P. and VAN KNAPEN, F. (2000) Role of volatile fatty acids in development of the cecal microflora in broiler chickens during growth. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66: 1979–1982.Google Scholar
ZENTEK, J., MARQUART, B. and PIETRZAK, T. (2002) Intestinal effects of mannanoligosaccharides, transgalactooligosaccharides, lactose and lactulose in dogs. Journal of Nutrition 132: 1682S–1684S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ZDUŃCZYK, Z., JUŚKIEWICZ, J., JANKOWSKI, J. and KONCICKI, A. (2004) Performance and caecal adaptation of turkeys to diets without or with antibiotic and with different levels of mannanoligosaccharide. Archives of Animal Nutrition 58: 367–378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed