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Impact of heat stress and nutritional interventions on poultry production

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 October 2018

S.P. HE ,
M.A. AROWOLO ,
R.F. MEDRANO ,
S. LI ,
Q.F. YU ,
J.Y. CHEN  and
J.H. HE
S.P. HE
Affiliation:
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
M.A. AROWOLO
Affiliation:
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
R.F. MEDRANO
Affiliation:
College of Veterinary Science and Medicine, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
S. LI
Affiliation:
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
Q.F. YU
Affiliation:
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
J.Y. CHEN
Affiliation:
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
J.H. HE*
Affiliation:
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
*
Corresponding author: jianhuahy@hunau.net
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Abstract

High ambient temperatures affect animal production and welfare in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Feed intake, growth rate, mortality, egg production, hatchability and other production traits related to the economic success of the poultry industry are adversely affected by severe heat stress. In general, heat stress induces the activity of the neuroendocrine system, resulting in activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and elevated corticosterone (CORT) concentrations, which affects metabolism and immune responses. These include negative regulation of metabolic hormones, antibody production and heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio. Heat stress increases mitochondrial activity, causing reactive species overproduction which disrupts the antioxidant balance, leading to oxidative stress damage of membranes, protein and DNA. Heat stress stimulates the central nervous system (CNS), which significantly reduces daily gain, feed intake and FCR in poultry. Consequently, from an animal husbandry perspective, intervention strategies to relieve heat stress conditions have been the focus of many published studies. This review describes the effect of high temperature on production, behavioural, biochemical and immune responses, including oxidative damage that occur during heat stress in poultry, in broilers and laying hens. Moreover, nutritional interventions to alleviate the negative consequence of heat stress is discussed.

Keywords

heat stresspoultryproductionbehaviourimmune responsenutritional
Type
Review
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 74 , Issue 4 , December 2018 , pp. 647 - 664
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2018 

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