Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T03:52:08.926Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Matching poultry production with available feed resources: issues and constraints

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2007

D.J. Farrell
D.J. Farrell
Affiliation:
The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia E-mail: d.farrell@uq.edu.au
Get access

Abstract

Corn and soyabeans may not be available in many countries particularly those which do not have sufficient foreign currency or the capacity to grow them. This paper outlines strategies that may be important under these circumstances. Alternative feedstuffs and various feeding systems may be used to support poultry production. Alternative ingredients such as rice bran, pearl millet, cottonseed meal and grain legumes are discussed. Evidence is presented showing that amino acid requirements of layers and broilers may be too generous particularly in countries where climate, management and disease can impose production constraints. The ability of finishing broilers to perform well on very low-energy diets allows the inclusion of alternative feeds and by-products into formulations. Very low protein diets based on cereals and free amino acids can be used for layers without loss of performance. Self-selection of feedstuffs may be an important strategy in reducing feed costs of broilers and layers. The concept of matching production with available feed resources may compromise broiler growth and egg production, but in many countries this may be the most economical choice. Countries in the humid tropics usually have reduced poultry performance. The effects of high temperature and humidity are difficult to overcome. The vexed questions of the escalation in the price of fossil fuel and the outbreak of avian influenza, both seemingly without a solution, are clouds hanging over an otherwise buoyant industry.

Keywords

alternative feedslow protein dietsself-selectionamino acid specificationsoilenvironment
Type
Reviews
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 61 , Issue 2 , June 2005 , pp. 298 - 307
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Creswell, D. (2004) Broiler performance and production. Part 3-Economic implications. Asian Poultry August: 26–29.Google Scholar
Davis, A.J., Dale, N.M and Ferreira, F.J. (2003) Pearl millet as an alternative feed ingredient in broiler diets. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 12: 137–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emmans, G.C. (1977). The nutrient intake of laying hens given a choice of diets in relation to their production requirements. British Poultry Science 18: 227–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrell, D.J. (1994) Utilization of rice bran in diets of domestic fowl and ducklings. World's Poultry Science Journal 50: 115–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrell, D.J. (1999) Getting the most out of the feed we give our livestock. In Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia 12, Armidale, NSW. (Corbett, J.L. Ed), pp 121–129.Google Scholar
Farrell, D.J. (2000) Recipe for disaster? Where do we find the ingredients to feed our livestock? In: The Food and Environment Tightrope. Proceedings of a seminar conducted by the Crawford Fund, Canberra, November 1999. ACIAR Monograph.No.63, 97–112.Google Scholar
Farrell, D.J. and Martin, E.A. (1998) Strategies to improve the nutritive value of rice bran in poultry diets. III. The addition of inorganic phosphorus and a phytase to duck diets. British Poultry Science 39: 601–611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrell, D.J., Perez-Maldonado, R.A. and Mannion, P.F. (1999a) Optimum inclusion of field peas, chick peas and sweet lupins in poultry diets II. Broiler experiments. British Poultry Science 40: 674–680.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farrell, D.J, Mannion, P.F. and Perez-Maldonado, R.A. (1999b) A comparison of total and digestible amino acids in diets for broilers and layers. Animal Feed Science and Technology 82: 131–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutagalung, R. (1998) Can alternative ingredients play a role in Indonesia? Asian Poultry 01/02 1998: 18–19.Google Scholar
Hutagalung, R.I. (2000) The monetary crisis and its impact on the development of the poultry industry in Indonesia. Proceedings of the Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 12: 74–81.Google Scholar
Johnson, R.J. (1987) Metabolisable energy: recent research. In: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia 1987, Armidale, NSW. (Farrell, D.J. Ed.) pp. 228–243.Google Scholar
Leeson, S., Summers, J.D. and Caston, L.J. (1992) Response of broilers to feed restriction or diet dilution in the finisher period. Poultry Science 71: 2056–2064.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leng, R.A. (2002) Future direction of animal protein production in a fossil fuel hungry world. Livestock Research for Rural Development (14) 5: 1–11.Google Scholar
Lyons, T.P. and Bannerman, J. (2001) The US fuel ethanol industry from 1980 to 2001: Lessons for other markets. Proceedings of Alltech's 15th Annual Asia Pacific Lecture Tour 115–129.Google Scholar
NRC (National Research Council) (1994) Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th edition Washington, D.C.Academy Press.Google Scholar
Perez-Maldonado, R.A. (2002) Characterisation of canola meal and cottonseed meal at practical inclusion levels for use in broiler and layer diets. Final Report to the Rural Industry Research and Development Corporation, Canberra. Project DAQ-264 J pp.88.Google Scholar
Perez-Maldonado, R.A. and Barram, K.M. (2003) Broiler performance in semi-commercial diets containing upper levels of canola or cottonseed meal. Proceedings of the Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 15: 177.Google Scholar
Perez-Maldonado, R.A., Mannion, P.F. and Mannion, P.F. (2003) Effect of heat treatment on the nutritional value of soybean selected for low trypsin inhibitor. British Poultry Science 44: 299–308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rose, S.P., Burnett, A. and Elamajeed, R.A. (1986) Factors affecting the diet selection for freechoice feeding. British Poultry Science 27: 215–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, T.A. and Balnave, D. (1989) Comparison between concentrated complete diets and sel-selection for feeding sexually – mature pullets at hot and cold temperatures. British Poultry Science 29: 613–635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, D.N., Perez-Maldonado, R., Mannion, P.F., Martin, P. and Palmer, C.P. (2000a) Nutritive value if pearl millet grown in Australia. Proceedings of the Australian Poultry Science Symposium 12: 204.Google Scholar
Skinner, J.T., Waldroup, A.L. and Waldroup, P.W. (1992). Effects of removal of vitamin and trace mineral supplements from grower and finisher diets on live performance and carcass composition of broilers. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 1: 208–286.Google Scholar
Sundu, B. and Dingle, J. (2003) Use of enzymes to improve the nutritional value of palm kernel meal and copra meal. Proceedings of the Queensland Poultry Science Symposium 11: 14–1–15.Google Scholar
Tangendjaja, and Lowry, J.B. (1985) Improved utilisation of rice bran:a rapid method for estimating hull content. Ilmu dan Peternakan 1: 323–361.Google Scholar