Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T21:00:45.472Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

New issues and science in broiler chicken intestinal health: intestinal microbial composition, shifts, and impacts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2015

T. ROBERTS ,
J. WILSON ,
A. GUTHRIE ,
K. COOKSON ,
D. VANCRAEYNEST ,
J. SCHAEFFER ,
R. MOODY  and
S. CLARK
T. ROBERTS
Affiliation:
Novometrix Research Inc. Moffat, Ontario L0P 1J0, Canada
J. WILSON
Affiliation:
Novometrix Research Inc. Moffat, Ontario L0P 1J0, Canada
A. GUTHRIE
Affiliation:
Novometrix Research Inc. Moffat, Ontario L0P 1J0, Canada
K. COOKSON
Affiliation:
Zoetis 1040 Swabia Ct, Durham, North Carolina 27703, USA
D. VANCRAEYNEST
Affiliation:
Zoetis EuAfME Poultry, Brussels, Belgium
J. SCHAEFFER*
Affiliation:
Zoetis 1040 Swabia Ct, Durham, North Carolina 27703, USA
R. MOODY
Affiliation:
Zoetis 1040 Swabia Ct, Durham, North Carolina 27703, USA
*
Corresponding author: jon.schaeffer@zoetis.com
Get access

Abstract

Intestinal health is important for maximising the health, welfare, and performance of poultry. In addition, intestinal health issues in poultry can have devastating financial impacts for producers, and food safety concerns for consumers. Until recently, intestinal health issues were seen as a handful of known infectious agents leading to a set of severe and identifiable named diseases. There is however an emerging area which depicts intestinal health as a more complex and multifaceted system than previously known. Recent progress in technology suitable for microbial community analysis has evolved our understanding of the chicken intestinal microbiome. It is now understood that shifts in the composition of microbial communities can occur. These shifts can result in a series of implications, including: disease, welfare, environmental, and food safety concerns. Minor shifts in intestinal microbial balance can result in a wide continuum of disease presentations ranging from severe to mild clinical, subclinical or asymptotic. Differential diagnosis of poultry intestinal health issues may be challenging and is important for applying appropriate treatment options. This review discusses new and emerging topics in broiler chicken intestinal health, with a focus on microbial composition, newly discovered microbial shifts in classical poultry diseases, range in severity of enteric diseases, newly identified organisms in normal intestinal flora, implications of shifts in intestinal microbial communities and diagnosis of emerging intestinal health issues in poultry.

Keywords

broilerintestinalintestineecologymicrobiomeantimicrobialshift
Type
Reviews
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 71 , Issue 2 , June 2015 , pp. 259 - 270
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ALLEN, P.C. and FETTERER, R.H. (2002) Recent advances in biology and immunobiology of Eimeria species and in diagnosis and control of infection with these coccidian parasites in poultry. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 15: 58-65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
APAJALAHTI, J., KETTUNEN, A. and GRAHAM, H. (2004) Characteristics of the gastrointestinal microbial communities with special reference to the chicken. World's Poultry Science Journal 60: 223-232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BURKHOLDER, K.M., THOMPSON, K.L., EINSTEIN, M.E., APPLEGATE, T.J. and PATTERSON, J.A. (2008) Influence of stressors on normal intestinal microbiota, intestinal morphology, and susceptibility to Salmonella Enteritidis colonisation in broilers. Poultry Science 87: 1734-1741.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
CHOCT, M. (2009) Managing gut health through nutrition. British Poultry Science 50: 9-15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
COOPER, K.K., SONGER, J.G. and UZAL, F.A. (2013) Diagnosing clostridial enteric disease in poultry. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 25: 314-327.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DANZEISEN, J.L., KIM, H.B., ISAACSON, R.E., TU, Z.J. and JOHNSON, T.J. (2011) Modulations of the chicken caecal microbiome and metagenome in response to anticoccidial and growth promoter treatment. PLoS ONE 6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DIARRA, M.S., SILVERSIDES, F.G., DIARRASSOUBA, F., PRITCHARD, J., MASSON, L., BROUSSEAU, R., BONNET, C., DELAQUIS, P., BACH, S., SKURA, B.J. and TOPP, E. (2007) Impact of feed supplementation with antimicrobial agents on growth performance of broiler chickens, Clostridium perfringens and Enterococcus counts, and antibiotic resistance phenotypes and distribution of antimicrobial resistance determinants in Escherichia coli isolates. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73: 6566-6576.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DIBNER, J.J. and RICHARDS, J.D. (2004) The Digestive System: Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 13: 86-93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DUMONCEAUX, T.J., HILL, J.E., HEMMINGSEN, S.M. and VAN KESSEL, A.G. (2006) Characterisation of intestinal microbiota and response to dietary virginiamycin supplementation in the broiler chicken. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72: 2815-2823.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ENGBERG, R.M., HEDEMANN, M.S. and JENSEN, B.B. (2002) The influence of grinding and pelleting of feed on microbial composition and activity in the digestive tract of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 43: 569-579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
FENG, Y., GONG, J., YU, H., JIN, Y., ZHU, J. and HAN, Y. (2010) Identification of changes of composition of ileal bacterial microbiota in chickens infected with Clostridium perfringens. Veterinary Microbiology 140: 116-121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
GAGGÌA, F., MATTARELLI, P. and BIAVATI, B. (2010) Probiotics and prebiotics in animal feeding for safe food production. International Journal of Food Microbiology 141: S15-S28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
GONG, J., FORSTER, R.J., YU, H., CHAMBERS, J.R., WHEATCROFT, R., SABOUR, P.M. and CHEN, S. (2002) Molecular analysis of bacterial populations in the ileum of broiler chickens and comparison with bacteria in the caecum. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 41: 171-179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GUARDIA, S., KONSAK, B., COMBES, S., LEVENEZ, F., CAUQUIL, L., GIULLOT, J.-F., MOREAU-VAUZELLE, C., LESSIRE, M., JUIN, H. and GABRIEL, I. (2011) Effects of stocking density on the growth performance and digestive microbiota of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 90: 1878-1889.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
GUY, J.S. (1998) Virus infectious of the gastrointestinal tract of poultry. Poultry Science 77: 1166-1175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HAFEZ, H.M. (2011) Enteric diseases of poultry with special attention to Clostridium perfringens. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 31: 175-184.Google Scholar
HUME, M.E., CLEMENTE-HERNANDEZ, S. and OVIEDO-RONDÓN, E.O. (2006) Effects of feed additives and mixed Eimeria species infection on intestinal microbial ecology of broilers. Poultry Science 85: 2106-2111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
JANARDHANA, V., BROADWAY, M.M., BRUCE, M.P., LOWENTHAL, J.W., GEIER, M.S., HUGHES, R.J. and BEAN, A.G.D. (2009) Prebiotics modulate immune responses in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue of chickens. The Journal of Nutrition 139: 1404-1409.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
JIA, W., SLOMINSKI, B.A., BRUCE, H.L., BLANK, G., CROW, G. and JONES, O. (2009) Effects of diet type and enzyme addition on growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens during subclinical Clostridium perfringens challenge. Poultry Science 88: 132-140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
JOHNSON, T.J. (2013) Defining optimal microbial communities in the turkey gut and the production environment. Gobbles November Issue: 4-8.Google Scholar
KANG, K-I, EL-GAZZAR, M., SELLERS, H.S., DOREA, F., WILLIAMS, S.M., KIM, T., COLLETT, S. and MUNDT, E. (2012) Investigation into aetiology of runting and stunting syndrome in chickens. Avian Pathology 41: 41-50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KIARIE, E., ROMERO, L.F. and NYACHOTI, C.M. (2013) The role of added feed enzymes in promoting gut health in swine and poultry. Nutrition Research Reviews. 26: 71-88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LARA, L.J. and ROSTAGNO, M.H. (2013) Impact of heat stress on poultry production. Animals 3: 356-369.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LA VORGNA, M., SCHAEFFER, J.L., BADE, D., DICKSON, J., COOKSON, K. and DAVIS, S.W. (2013) Performance of broilers fed a broader spectrum antibiotic (virginiamycin) or a narrow spectrum antibiotic (bacitracin methylene disalicylate) over 3 consecutive grow-out cycles. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 22: 574-582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LIN, J., HUNKAPILLER, A.A., LAYTON, A.C., CHANG, Y. and ROBBINS, K.R. (2013) Response of intestinal microbiota to antibiotic growth promoters in chickens. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 10: 331-337.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LIU, D., GUO, S. and GUO, Y. (2012) Xylanase supplementation to a wheat-based diet alleviated the intestinal mucosal barrier impairment of broiler chickens challenged by Clostridium perfringens. Avian Pathology 41: 291-298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LOVLAND, A. and KALDHUSDAL, M. (2001) Severely impaired production performance in broiler flocks with high incidence of Clostridium perfringens-associated hepatitis. Avian Pathology 30: 73-81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MARTYNOVA-VAN KLEY, M.A., OVIEDO-RONDÓN, E.O., DOWD, S.E., HUME, M. and NALIAN, A. (2012) Effect of Eimeria infection on caecal microbiome of broilers fed essential oils. International Journal of Poultry Science 11: 747-755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NIEWOLD, T.A. (2007) Invited review: The nonantibiotic anti-inflammatory effect of antimicrobial growth promoters. The real mode of action? A hypothesis. Poultry Science 86: 605-609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OAMAR, M.F., ASLAM, H. and JAHAN, N. (2013) Histopathological studies on stunting syndrome in broilers, Lahore, Pakistan. Veterinary Medicine International Article ID 212830 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/212830.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ROSTAGNO, M.H. (2009) Can stress in farm animals increase food safety risk? Foodborne Pathology and Disease 6: 767-776.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SINGH, P., KARIMI, A., DEVENDRA, K., WALDROUP, P.W., CHO, K.K. and KWON, Y.M. (2013) Influence of penicillin on microbial diversity of the caecal microbiota in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 92: 272-276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SKINNER, J.T., BAUER, S., YOUNG, V., PAULING, G. and WILSON, J. (2010) An economic analysis of the impact of subclinical (mild) Necrotic Enteritis in broiler chickens. Avian Disease 54: 1237-1240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SMIRNOV, A., PEREZ, R., AMIT-ROMACH, E., SKLAN, D. and UNI, Z. (2005) Mucin dynamics and microbial populations in chicken small intestine are changed by dietary probiotic and antibiotic growth promoter supplementation. The Journal of Nutrition 135: 187-192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
STANLEY, D., DENMAN, S.E., HUGHES, R.J., GEIER, M.S., CROWLEY, T.M., CHEN, H., HARING, V.R. and MOORE, R.J. (2012a) Intestinal microbiota associated with differential feed conversion efficiency in chickens. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 96: 1361-1369.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
STANLEY, D., KEYBURN, A.L., DENMAN, S.E. and MOORE, R.J. (2012b) Changes in the caecal microflora of chickens following Clostridium perfringens challenge to induce necrotic enteritis. Veterinary Microbiology 159: 155-162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
TEIRLYNCK, E., GUSSEM, M.D.E., DEWULF, J., HAESEBROUCK, F., DUCATELLE, R. and VAN IMMERSEEL, F. (2011) Morphometric evaluation of ‘dysbacteriosis’ in broilers. Avian Pathology 40: 139-144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
TOROK, V.A., HUGHES, R.J., MIKKELSEN, L.L., PEREZ-MALDONADO, R., BALDING, K., MACALPINE, R., PERCY, N.J. and OPHEL-KELLER, K. (2011) Identification and characterisation of potential performance-related gut microbiotas in broiler chickens across various feeding trials. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77: 5868-5878.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
TOROK, V.A., HUGHES, R.J., OPHEL-KELLER, K., ALI, M. and MACALPINE, R. (2009) Influence of different litter materials on cecal microbiota colonisation in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 88: 2474-2481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
VAN DER SLUIS, W. (2000) Clostridial enteritis is an often underestimated problem. World's Poultry Science Journal 16: 42-43.Google Scholar
WEI, S., MORRISON, M. and YU, Z. (2013) Bacterial census of poultry intestinal microbiome. Poultry Science 92: 671-683.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
WILLIAMS, R.B. (1999) A compartmentalised model for the estimation of the cost of Coccidiosis to the world's chicken production industry . International Journal of Parasitology 29: 1209-1229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WILLIAMS, R.B. (2005) Intercurrent coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis of chickens: rational, integrated disease management by maintenance of gut integrity. Avian Pathology 34: 159-180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
WILSON, J., TICE, G., BRASH, M.L. and St. HILAIRE, S. (2005) Manifestations of Clostridium perfringens and related bacterial enteritidis in broiler chickens. World's Poultry Science Journal 61: 435-449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
YEGANI, M. and KORVER, D.R. (2008) Factors affecting intestinal health in poultry. Poultry Science 87: 2052-2063.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
YEOMAN, C.J., CHIA, N., JERALDO, P., SIPOS, M., GOLDENFELD, N.D. and WHITE, B.A. (2012) The microbiome of the chicken gastrointestinal tract. Animal Health Science Reviews 13: 89-99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ZHAO, L., WANG, G., SIEGEL, P., HE, C., WANG, H., ZHAO, W., ZHAI, Z., TIAN, F., ZHAO, J., ZHANG, H., SUN, Z., CHEN, W., ZHANG, Y. and MENG, H. (2013) Quantitative genetic background of the host influences gut microbiomes in chickens. Scientific Reports 3: 1-6.Google ScholarPubMed
ZHOU, W., WANG, V. and LIN, J. (2012) Functional cloning and characterisation of antibiotic resistance genes from chicken gut microbiome. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78: 3028-3032.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed