Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T10:42:32.729Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The potentially beneficial effects of supplementation with hesperidin in poultry diets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2018

X. YATAO ,
M. SAEED ,
A.A. KAMBOH ,
M.A. ARAIN Open the ORCID record for M.A. ARAIN [Opens in a new window] ,
F. AHMAD ,
I. SUHERYANI ,
M.E. ABD EL-HACK ,
M. ALAGAWANY ,
Q.A. SHAH  and
S. CHAO
X. YATAO
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China, 712100
M. SAEED
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China, 712100
A.A. KAMBOH
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam 70060, Pakistan
M.A. ARAIN
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan3800
F. AHMAD
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry Science, Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
I. SUHERYANI
Affiliation:
Faculty of Pharmacy, Sindh University of Jamshoro, Pakistan
M.E. ABD EL-HACK
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
M. ALAGAWANY
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
Q.A. SHAH
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan3800
S. CHAO*
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China, 712100
*
Corresponding author: sunchao2775@163.com
Get access

Abstract

Flavonoids are natural compounds derived from different types of vegetables, fruits, and medicinal herbal plants. Hesperidin, a flavanone (a class of flavonoids) glycoside is found abundantly in citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons tangerines and limes and is known to possess significant benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-stress, antioxidant, growth promoting, anticancer and immunological properties. Hesperidin enhances mucosal and humoral immunity by increasing intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte numbers, lymphoid organs (thymus, spleen and bursa) indices, as well as improving anti-avian influenza and anti-Newcastle disease antibody titres in poultry. In addition, hesperidin is a strong chain-breaking antioxidant that provides potent cellular antioxidant defence against the damaging effects induced by peroxide hydrogen. As a natural antioxidant, hesperidin could help mitigate heat stress during summer by decreasing heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, and quenching reactive oxygen species generated by summer heat stress. The aim of this review was to elucidate the biological effects and health benefits of hesperidin as an alternative of synthetic immune boosters and growth promoters in poultry diets.

Keywords

flavonoidshesperidinbeneficial impactsfeed additivepoultry
Type
Review
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 74 , Issue 2 , June 2018 , pp. 265 - 276
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AHMAD, S.T., ARJUMAND, W., NAFEES, S., SETH, A., ALI, N., RASHID, S. and SULTANA, S. (2012) Hesperidin alleviates acetaminophen induced toxicity in wistar rats by abrogation of oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. Toxicology Letters 208: 149-161.Google Scholar
AHOSSI, P.K., DOUGNON, J.T., KIKI, P.S. and HOUESSIONON, J.M. (2016) Effects of Tridax procumbens powder on zootechnical, biochemical parameters and carcass characteristics of Hubbard broiler chicken. Journal of Animal Health and Production 4: 15-21.Google Scholar
AKDEMIR, F. and SAHIN, K. (2009) Genistein supplementation to the quail: effects on egg production and egg yolk genistein, daidzein, and lipid peroxidation levels. Poultry Science 88: 2125-31.Google Scholar
ASHOUR, E.A., ALAGAWANY, M., REDA, F.M. and EL-HACK, M.E.A. (2014) Effect of supplementation of yucca schidigera extract to growing rabbit diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum biochemistry and liver oxidative status. Asian Journal of Animal & Veterinary Advances 9: 732-742.Google Scholar
CARBALLO-VILLALOBOS, A.I., GONZÁLEZ-TRUJANO, M.E., ALVARADO-VÁZQUEZ, N. and LÓPEZ-MUÑOZ, F.J. (2017) Pro-inflammatory cytokines involvement in the hesperidin antihyperalgesic effects at peripheral and central levels in a neuropathic pain model. Inflammopharmacology 25: 265.Google Scholar
CHEN, M.C., YE, Y.Y., JI, G. and LIU, J.W. (2010b) Hesperidin upregulates heme oxygenase-1 to attenuate hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage in hepatic l02 cells. Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry 58: 3330-3335.Google Scholar
CHEN, M., GU, H., YE, Y., LIN, B., SUN, L., DENG, W., ZHANG, J. and LIU, J. (2010a) Protective effects of hesperidin against oxidative stress of tert-butyl hydroperoxide in human hepatocytes. Food and Chemical Toxicology 48: 2980-2987.Google Scholar
COTTONE, S., LORITO, M.C., RICCOBENE, R., NARDI, E., MULÈ, G., BUSCEMI, S., GERACI, E., GUARNERI, M., ARSENA, R. and CERASOLA, G. (2008) Oxidative stress, inflammation and cardiovascular disease in chronic renal failure. Journal of Nephrology 21: 175-179.Google Scholar
DEVI, K.P., RAJAVEL, T., NABAVI, S.F., SETZER, W.N., AHMADI, A., MANSOURI, K. and NABAVI, S.M. (2015) Hesperidin: A promising anticancer agent from nature. Industrial Crops & Products 76: 582-589.Google Scholar
ELAVARASAN, J., VELUSAMY, P., GANESAN, T., RAMAKRISHNAN, S.K., RAJASEKARAN, D. and PERIANDAVAN, K. (2012) Hesperidin-mediated expression of nrf2 and upregulation of antioxidant status in senescent rat heart. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 64: 1472-1482.Google Scholar
EL-SHAFEY, M.M. and ABD-ALLAH, G.M. (2014) Hesperidin improves lipid profile and attenuates oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic rats. International Journal of Pharma Sciences 4:554-559.Google Scholar
FELLENBERG, M.A. and SPEISKY, M.A.F.H. (2006) Antioxidants: Their effects on broiler oxidative stress and its meat oxidative stability. World's Poultry Science Journal 62: 53-70.Google Scholar
FOTAKIS, C., LANTZOURAKI, D.Z., GOLIOMYTIS, M., SIMITZIS, P.E., CHARISMIADOU, M., DELIGEORGIS, S.G. and ZOUMPOULAKIS, P. (2017) Nmr metabolomics investigates the influence of flavonoid-enriched rations on chicken plasma. Journal of Aoac International 100: 315-322.Google Scholar
GALATI, E.M., MONFORTE, M.T. and KIRJAVAINEN, S. (1994) Biological effects of hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid: anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. Farmaco 40: 709-712.Google ScholarPubMed
GARG, A., GARG, S., ZANEVELD, L.J. and SINGLA, A.K. (2001) Chemistry and pharmacology of the citrus bioflavonoid hesperidin. Phytotherapy Research 15: 655-669.Google Scholar
GIANNENAS, I., TONTIS, D., TSALIE, E., CHRONIS, E.F., DOUKAS, D. and KYRIAZAKIS, I. (2010) Influence of dietary mushroom agaricus bisporus on intestinal morphology and microflora composition in broiler chickens. Research in Veterinary Science 89: 78-84.Google Scholar
GOLIOMYTIS, M., KARTSONAS, N., CHARISMIADOU, M.A., SYMEON, G.K., SIMITZIS, P.E. and DELIGEORGIS, S.G. (2015) The influence of naringin or hesperidin dietary supplementation on broiler meat quality and oxidative stability. Plos One 10: e0141652.Google Scholar
GOLIOMYTIS, M., ORFANOU, H., PETROU, E., CHARISMIADOU, M.A., SIMITZIS, P.E. and DELIGEORGIS, S.G. (2014) Effect of hesperidin dietary supplementation on hen performance, egg quality and yolk oxidative stability. British Poultry Science 55: 98-104.Google Scholar
HOLLMAN, P.C.H. (2004) Absorption, bioavailability, and metabolism of flavonoids. Archives of Physiology & Biochemistry 42: 74-83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HOLLMAN, P.C., VAN HET HOF, K.H., TIJBURG, L.B. and KATAN, M.B. (2001) Addition of milk does not affect the absorption of flavonols from tea in man. Free Radical research 34: 297.Google Scholar
ISKENDER, H., YENICE, G., DOKUMACIOGLU, E., KAYNAR, O., HAYIRLI, A. and KAYA, A. (2017) Comparison of the effects of dietary supplementation of flavonoids on laying hen performance, egg quality and egg nutrient profile. British Poultry Science 58: 550-556.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ISKENDER, H., YENICE, G., DOKUMACIOGLU, E., KAYNAR, O., HAYIRLI, A. and KAYA, A. (2016) The effects of dietary flavonoid supplementation on the antioxidant status of laying hens. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 18: 663-668.Google Scholar
JAIN, D.P. and SOMANI, R.S. (2015) Antioxidant potential of hesperidin protects gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in experimental rats. Austin Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3:1071.Google Scholar
KAMARAJ, S., ANANDAKUMAR, P., JAGAN, S., RAMAKRISHNAN, G. and DEVAKI, T. (2011) Hesperidin attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction during benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis in mice. Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology 25: 91-98.Google Scholar
KAMBOH, A.A., HANG, S.Q., BAKHETGUL, M. and ZHU, W-Y. (2013) Effects of genistein and hesperidin on biomarkers of heat stress in broilers under persistent summer stress. Poultry Science 92: 2411-2418.Google Scholar
KAMBOH, A.A. and ZHU, W.Y. (2013) Effect of increasing levels of bioflavonoids in broiler feed on plasma anti-oxidative potential, lipid metabolites, and fatty acid composition of meat. Poultry Science 92: 454-461.Google Scholar
KAMBOH, A.A. and ZHU, W.Y. (2014) Individual and combined effects of genistein and hesperidin on immunity and intestinal morphometry in lipopolysacharide-challenged broiler chickens. Poultry Science 93: 2175-2183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KAMBOH, A.A., ARAIN, M.A., MUGHAL, M.J., ZAMAN, A., ARAIN, Z.M. and and SOOMRO, A.H. (2015) Flavonoids: Health promoting phytochemicals for animal production-a review. Journal of Animal Health and Production 3: 6-13.Google Scholar
KAMBOH, A.A., MEMON, A.M., MUGHAL, M.J., MEMON, J. and BAKHETGUL, M. (2017) Dietary effects of soy and citrus flavonoid on antioxidation and microbial quality of meat in broilers. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition doi: 10.1111/jpn.Google Scholar
KANAZE, F.I., GABRIELI, C., KOKKALOU, E., GEORGARAKIS, M. and NIOPAS, I. (2003) Simultaneous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of diosmin, hesperidin and naringin in different citrus fruit juices and pharmaceutical formulations. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 33: 243-249.Google Scholar
KAWAGUCHI, K., KIKUCHI, S., HASUNUMA, R., MARUYAMA, H., YOSHIKAWA, T. and KUMAZAWA, Y. (2004) A citrus flavonoid hesperidin suppresses infection-induced endotoxin shock in mice. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 27: 679-683.Google Scholar
LAPARRA, J.M. and SANZ, Y. (2010) Interactions of gut microbiota with functional food components and nutraceuticals. Pharmacological Research 61: 219-225.Google Scholar
LEI, X.U., YANG, Z., LEI, X.U. and YANG, Z. (2009) Intestinal absorption properties of hesperidin by single pass perfusion model on rats. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal 44: 594-597.Google Scholar
LIEN, T.F., YEH, H.S. and SU, W.T. (2008) Effect of adding extracted hesperitin, naringenin and pectin on egg cholesterol, serum traits and antioxidant activity in laying hens. Archives Animal Nutrition 62: 33-43.Google Scholar
LIU, E.H., ZHAO, P., DUAN, L., ZHENG, G.D., GUO, L., YANG, H. and LI, P. (2013) Simultaneous determination of six bioactive flavonoids in citri reticulatae pericarpium by rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chemistry 141: 3977-3983.Google Scholar
LIU, Y., SUN, Z., XU, D., LIU, J., LI, X., WU, X., ZHANG, Y., WANG, Q., HUANG, C. and MENG, X. (2017) Hesperidin derivative-11 inhibits fibroblast-like synoviocytes proliferation by activating secreted frizzled-related protein 2 in adjuvant arthritis rats. European Journal of Pharmacology 794: 173-183.Google Scholar
LU, Y., ZHANG, C., BUCHELI, P. and WEI, D. (2006) Citrus flavonoids in fruit and traditional Chinese medicinal food ingredients in china. Plant Foods and Human Nutrition 61: 57-65.Google Scholar
MAHMOUD, A.M. (2014) Hesperidin protects against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity by upregulation of PPARγ and abrogation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Canadian Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 92:717-724.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MIDDLETON, E.J., KANDASWAMI, C.H. and THEOHARIDES, T.C. (2000) The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: Implications for inflammation, heart disease and cancer. Pharmacological Reviews 52: 673-751.Google Scholar
MILENKOVIC, D., DEVAL, C., MAZUR, A., SCALBERT, A. and MORAND, C. (2009) Identification of molecular targets of hesperidin, the major flavonoid of orange juice, in relation to its beneficial vascular action in healthy men. Proceedings of the Basic Cardiovascular Sciences Conference, pp. E39-E39.Google Scholar
MITSUNAGA, Y., TAKANAGA, H., MATSUO, H., NAITO, M., TSURUO, T., OHTANI, H. and SAWADA, Y. (2000) Effect of bioflavonoids on vincristine transport across blood-brain barrier. European Journal of Pharmacology 395: 193-201.Google Scholar
MIWA, Y., MITSUZUMI, H., SUNAYAMA, T., YAMADA, M., OKADA, K., KUBOTA, M., CHAEN, H., MISHIMA, Y. and KIBATA, M. (2005) Glucosyl hesperidin lowers serum triglyceride level in hypertriglyceridemic subjects through the improvement of very low-density lipoprotein metabolic abnormality. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 51: 460-470.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MIZUTANI, N., FUJIKURA, Y., WANG, Y.H., TAMECHIKA, M., TOKUDA, N., SAWADA, T. and FUKUMOTO, T. (2002) Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines regulate the recovery from sublethal x irradiation in rat thymus. Radiation Research 157: 281-289.Google Scholar
MOHAMMADI, M., SALEHI-ABARGOUEI, M., RAMEZANI-JOLFAIE, N. and ZAREI, S. (2017) The effect of hesperidin supplementation and orange juice on lipid profile and blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Prospero CRD42017058191.Google Scholar
OGNIK, K., CHOLEWIŃSKA, E., SEMBRATOWICZ, I., GRELA, E.R. and CZECH, A. (2016) The potential of using plant antioxidants to stimulate antioxidant mechanisms in poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal 72: 1-8.Google Scholar
OGNIK, K., CHOLEWIŃSKA, E. and CZECH, A. (2016a) The effect of adding hesperidin, diosmin, quercetin and resveratrol extracts to feed for turkey hens on selected immunological and biochemical blood indices. Annals of Animal Science 16: 1101-1114.Google Scholar
ONDERCI, M., SAHIN, K., SAHIN, N., GURSU, M.F., DOERGE, D., SARKAR, F.H. and KUCUK, O. (2004) The effect of genistein supplementation on performance and antioxidant status of Japanese quail under heat stress. Archives of Animal Nutrition 58: 463-71.Google Scholar
ORAYAGA, K.T., OLUREMI, O.I.A. and ADENKOLA, A.Y. (2016) Effect of water soaking of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit peels on haematology, carcass yield and internal organs of finisher broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Health and Production 4: 65-71.Google Scholar
OZTANIR, M.N., CIFTCI, O., CETIN, A. and ALADAG, M.A. (2014) Hesperidin attenuates oxidative and neuronal damage caused by global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in a c57bl/j6 mouse model. Neurological Science 35: 1393-1399.Google Scholar
PARHIZ, H., ROOHBAKHSH, A., SOLTANI, F., REZAEE, R. and IRANSHAHI, M. (2015) Antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties of the citrus flavonoids hesperidin and hesperetin: An updated review of their molecular mechanisms and experimental models. Phytotherapy Research 29: 323.Google Scholar
PEÑA, J., VIEIRA, S.L., LÓPEZ, J., REIS, R.N., BARROS, R., FURTADO, F. and SILVA, P.X. (2008) Ascorbic acid and citric flavonoids for broilers under heat stress: Effects on performance and meat quality. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 10: 125-130.Google Scholar
PINHO-RIBEIRO, F.A., HOHMANN, M.S., BORGHI, S.M., ZARPELON, A.C., GUAZELLI, C.F., MANCHOPE, M.F., CASAGRANDE, R. and VERRI, W.A. (JR) (2015) Protective effects of the flavonoid hesperidin methyl chalcone in inflammation and pain in mice: role of TRPV1, oxidative stress, cytokines and NF-κB. Chemico-Biological Interaction 228: 88-99.Google Scholar
ROOHBAKHSH, A., PARHIZ, H., SOLTANI, F., REZAEE, R. and IRANSHAHI, M. (2014) Neuropharmacological properties and pharmacokinetics of the citrus flavonoids hesperidin and hesperetin--a mini-review. Life Science 113: 1-6.Google Scholar
ROOHBAKHSH, A., PARHIZ, H., SOLTANI, F., REZAEE, R. and IRANSHAHI, M. (2015) Molecular mechanisms behind the biological effects of hesperidin and hesperetin for the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Life Science 124: 64-74.Google Scholar
SAEED, M., ABD EL-HACK, M.E., ALAGAWANY, M., ARAIN, M.A., ARIF, M., MIRZA, M.A., NAVEED, M., CHAO, S., SARWAR, M., SAYAB, M. and DHAMA, K. (2017a) Chicory (cichorium intybus) herb: Chemical composition, pharmacology, nutritional and healthical applications. International Journal of Pharmacology 13: 351-360.Google Scholar
SAEED, M., BABAZADEH, D., ARIF, M., ARAIN, M.A., BHUTTO, Z.A., SHAR, A.H., KAKAR, M.U., ANZOOR, R. and CHAO, S. (2017b) Silymarin: a potent hepatoprotective agent in poultry industry. World's Poultry Science Journal73: 483-492.Google Scholar
SAEED, M., BALOCH, A.R., WANG, M., SOOMRO, R.N., BALOCH, A.M., BUX, B.A., ARIAN, M.A., FARAZ, S.S. and ZAKRIYA, H.M. (2015) Use of cichorium intybus leaf extract as growth promoter, hepatoprotectant and immune modulent in broilers. Journal of Animal Production Advances 5: 585-591.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAEED, M., NAVEED, M., ARAIN, M.A., ARIF, M., EL-HACK, M.E.A., ALAGAWANY, M., SIYAL, F.A., SOOMRO, R.N. and SUN, C. (2017c) Quercetin: Nutritional and beneficial effects in poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal 73: 355-364.Google Scholar
SAEED, M., XU, Y.T., REHMAN, Z.U., ARAIN, M.A., SOOMRO, R.N., ABD EL-HACK, M.E., BHUTTO, Z.A., ABBASI, B., DHAMA, K., SARWAR, M. and CHAO, S. (2017d) Nutritional and healthical aspects of yacon (smallanthus sonchifolius) for human, animals and poultry. International Journal of Pharmacology 13: 361-369.Google Scholar
SAHIN, K., AKDEMIR, F., TUZCU, M., SAHIN, N., ONDERCI, M., OZERCAN, R., ILHAN, N., KILIC, E., SEREN, S. and KUCUK, O. (2009) Genistein suppresses spontaneous oviduct tumorigenesis in quail. Nutrition and Cancer 61: 799-806.Google Scholar
SERAFINI, M., PELUSO, I. and RAGUZZINI, A. (2010) Session 1: Antioxidants and the immune system flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 69: 273-278.Google Scholar
SEZER, A., USTA, U., KOCAK, Z. and YAGCI, M.A. (2011) The effect of a flavonoid fractions diosmin+hesperidin on radiation-induced acute proctitis in a rat model. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 7: 152-156.Google Scholar
SIMITZIS, P.E., SYMEON, G.K., CHARISMIADOU, M.A., AYOUTANTI, A.G. and DELIGEORGIS, S.G. (2011) The effects of dietary hesperidin supplementation on broiler performance and chicken meat characteristics. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 91: 275-282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SUN, H., DONG, T., ZHANG, A., YANG, J., YAN, G., SAKURAI, T., WU, X., HAN, Y. and WANG, X. (2013) Pharmacokinetics of hesperetin and naringenin in the zhi zhu wan, a traditional chinese medicinal formulae, and its pharmacodynamics study. Phytotherapy Research 27: 1345-1351.Google Scholar
TING, S., YEH, H.S. and LIEN, T.F. (2011) Effects of supplemental levels of hesperetin and naringenin on egg quality, serum traits and antioxidant activity of laying hens. Animal Feed Science and Technology 163: 59-66.Google Scholar
WILMSEN, P.K., SPADA, D.S. and SALVADOR, M. (2005) Antioxidant activity of the flavonoid hesperidin in chemical and biological systems. Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry 53: 4757-4761.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
YAMADA, M., TANABE, F., ARAI, N., MITSUZUMI, H., MIWA, Y., KUBOTA, M., CHAEN, H. and KIBATA, M. (2006) Bioavailability of glucosyl hesperidin in rats. Biosciences of Biotechnology and Biochemistry 70: 1386-1394.Google Scholar
YAMAMOTO, M., SUZUKI, A. and HASE, T. (2008) Short-term effects of glucosyl hesperidin and hesperetin on blood pressure and vascular endothelial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 54: 95-98.Google Scholar
YIN, Y., XU, Y., MA, H. and TIAN, X. (2016) Hesperetin ameliorates cardiac inflammation and cardiac fibrosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by inhibiting NF-kB signalling pathway. Biomedicine Research 28:223-229.Google Scholar
YOO, K.M., LEE, K.W., PARK, J.B., LEE, H.J. and HWANG, I.K. (2004) Variation in major antioxidants and total antioxidant activity of yuzu (citrus junos sieb ex tanaka) during maturation and between cultivars. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52: 5907-5913.Google Scholar