Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T19:41:45.023Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Review of the effect of ammonia and dust concentrations on broiler performance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2007

A. AL Homidan ,
J.F. Robertson  and
A.M. Petchey
A. AL Homidan*
Affiliation:
College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Departmentof Animal Production and Breeding, King Saud University, Buriedah PO Box 1482, Saudi Arabia
J.F. Robertson
Affiliation:
School of Biological Science, University of Aberdeen, MacRobert Building, Aberdeen AB24 5UA
A.M. Petchey
Affiliation:
Engineering and Mechanisation Unit, SAC, Craibstone, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
*
*Corresponding author: e-mail: hoinidani@yahoo.com
Get access

Abstract

Broilers are reared in an intensive production system starting with a small initial live weight that increases dramatically by the end of the production cycle. Within the broiler house there are consequent changes in heat, moisture and carbon dioxide production. Microbial decomposition of faeces and litter produces a number of aerial contaminants, particularly ammonia and dust as well as a complex of compounds responsible for the characteristic odour associated with these enterprises. The concentrationof most aerosol particles increases during the production period. Ammonia emissions from livestock buildings have considerable localised environmental effects when deposited on the adjacent land. High levels of inspirable dust can cause respiratory problems in broilers and the particles carry a proportion of the odorous volatile compounds that often attracts adverse comment by neighbouring residents.

Keywords

broilersmicrobial decompositionlitter moistureammoniainspirable dustodours
Type
Reviews
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 59 , Issue 3 , September 2003 , pp. 340 - 349
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AL-Homidan, A., Robertson, J.F. and Petchey, A.M. (1997) The effect of temperature, litter and light intensity on ammonia and dust production and broiler performance. British Poultry Science 38: S5–S7.Google Scholar
AL-Homidan, A., Robertson, J.F. and Petchey, A.M. (1998) The effect of environmental factors on ammonia and dust production and broiler performance. British Poultry Science 39: S9–S10.Google Scholar
AL-Homidan, A. (2001) The effect of temperature and stocking density on broiler performance and ammonia production. Egyptian Poultry Science 21: 1121–1137.Google Scholar
Amon, M., Dobeic, M., Sneath, R.W., Phillips, V.R., Misselbrook, T.H. and Pain, B.F. (1997) A farm-scale study on the use of clinoptilolite zeolite and De-Oderase® for reducing odour and ammonia emissions from broiler houses. Bioresource Technology 61: 229–237.Google Scholar
Anderson, D.P., Beard, C.W. and Hanson, R.P. (1964) The adverse effects of ammonia on chickens including resistance to infection with Newcastle disease virus. Avian Disease 8: 369–379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, D.P., Beard, C.W. and Hanson, R.P. (1966) Influence of poultry house dust, ammonia and carbon dioxide on the resistance of chickens to Newcastle disease virus. Avian Disease 10: 177–188.Google Scholar
Carr, L.E., Wheaton, F.W. and Douglass, L.W. (1990) Empirical models to determine ammonia concentrations from broiler chicken litter. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultura1 Engineers 31: 260–265.Google Scholar
Carlile, F.S. (1984) Ammonia in poultry houses: a literature review. Worlds Poultry Science Jourrnal 40(2): 99–113.Google Scholar
Caveny, D.D. and Quarles, C.L. (1978) The effect of atmospheric ammonia stress on broiler performance and carcass quality. Poultry Science 57: 1124–1125.Google Scholar
Caveny, D.D., Quarles, C.L. and Greathouse, G.A. (1981) Atmospheric ammonia and broiler cockerel performance. Poultry Science 60: 513–516.Google Scholar
Charles, D.R. and Payne, C.G. (1966) The influence of graded levels of atmospheric ammonia on chickens. British Poultry Science 7: 189–199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Charles, D.R. and Walker, A.W. (2002) Poultry environment problems: a guide to solutions. Nottingham University Press.Google Scholar
Cigr (1994) Aerial Environment in animal housing. Concentrations in and emissions from Farm Buildings. Commision Internationale de Genie Rural Working Group Report series no. 94.1 116pp.Google Scholar
Demmers, T.G.M., Burgess, L.R., Short, J.L., Phillips, V.R., Clark, J.A. and Wathes, C.M. (1999) Ammonia emissions from two mechanically ventilated UK livestock buildings. Atmospheric environment 33: 217–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elliott, H.A. and Collins, N.E. (1982) Factors affecting ammonia release in broiler houses. Transactions of ASAE, 25: 413–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groot Koerkamp, P.W.G., Metz, J.H.M., Phillips, V.R., Holden, M.R., Sneath, R.W., Short, J.L., White, R.P., Hartung, J., Seedorf, J., Schroder, M., Linkert, K.H., Pedersen, S., Takai, H., Johnsen, J.O. and Wathes, C.M. (1998) Concentrations and emissions of ammonia in livestock buildings in Northern Europe. Journal of agricultural Engineering Research 70: 79–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grub, W., Rollo, C.A. and Howes, J.R. (1965) Dust problems in poultry environments. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultura1 Engineers, pp 338–339, 352.Google Scholar
Harry, E.G. (1978) Air pollution in farm buildings and methodsof control: A review. Avian Pathology 7: 441–454.Google Scholar
Hayter, R.B. and Besch, E.L. (1974) Airborne-particle deposition in the respiratory tract of chickens. Poultry Science 53: 1507–1511.Google Scholar
Ivos, J., Asaj, A., Marjanovic, L.J. and Madzirov, Z. (1966) A contribution to the hygiene of deep litter in the chicken house. Poultry Science 45: 676–683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koon, J., Howes, J.R., Grub, W. and Rollo, C.A. (1963) Poultry dust: Origin and composition. Agriculture Engineers 44: 608–609.Google Scholar
Kristensen, H.H., Burgess, L.R., Demmers, T.G.H., Wathes, C.M. (2000) The preferences of laying hens for different concentrations of atmospheric ammonia. Applied Animal Behavioural Science 68(4): 307–318.Google Scholar
Larsson, K. (1983) Dust reducing methods when handling concentrates. Swedish Institute of Agricultural Engineering (JTI) Report, No. 339.Google Scholar
Leonard, J.J., Feddes, J.J.R. and Mcquitty, J.B. (1984) Air quality in commercial broiler housing. Canadian Agricultural Engineering 26: 65–71.Google Scholar
Moore, P.A. Jr., Fayetteville, A.R, and Edwards, D.R. (1994) Effect of litter amendments on ammonia volatilisation and chemical characteristics of poultry litter. Poultry Science 73: 101.Google Scholar
Nagaraja, K.V., Emery, D.A., Jordan, K.A., Sivanandan, V., Newman, J.A. and Pomeroy, B.S. (1984) Effect of ammonia on the quantitative clearance of Escherichia coli from lungs, air sacs, and livers of turkeys aerosol vaccinated against Escherichia coli. American Journal of Veterinary Research 45(2): 392–395.Google ScholarPubMed
O'connor, J.M., McQuitty, J.M. and Clark, P.C. (1987) Air quality and contaminant loads in three commercial broiler breeder barns. Canadian. Agriculture. Engineers: pp. 273–276.Google Scholar
Oyetunde, O.O.F., Thomson, R.G. and Carlson, H.C. (1978) Aerosol exposure of ammonia, dust and Escherichia coli in broiler chickens. Canadian Veterinary Journal 19: 187–193.Google Scholar
Parkhurst, C.R, Hamilton, P.B and Baughman, G.R. (1974) The use of volatile fatty acids for the control of micro organisms in pine sawdust litter. Poultry Science 53: 801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, C.C. and Sharples, T.J. (1995) Airborne dust concentrations in livestock buildings and the effect of feed. Journal of agricultural Engineering Research 60: 145–154.Google Scholar
Qi, R., Manbeck, H.B. and Maghirang, R.G. (1992) Dust net generation rate in a poultry layer house. American Society of Agricultural Engineers 35: 1639–1645.Google Scholar
Quarles, C.L. and Kling, H.F. (1974) The effect of three lighting regimes on broiler performance. Poultry Science 53: 1435–1438.Google Scholar
Quarles, C.L., Caveny, D.D. and Klinc, H.F. (1978) Effect of atmospheric ammonia stress on broiler males. Poultry Science 57: 1181.Google Scholar
Quarles, C.L. and Caveny, D.D. (1979) Effect of air contaminants on performance and quality of broilers. Poultry Science 58: 543–548.Google Scholar
Reece, F.N., Bates, B.J. and Lott, B.D. (1979) Ammonia control in broiler houses. Poultry Science 58: 754–755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reece, F.N. and Lott, B.D. (1980) The effect of ammonia and carbon dioxide during brooding on the performance of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 59: 59.Google Scholar
Reece, F.N. and Lott, B.D. (1982) The effect of environmental temperature on sensible and latent heat production of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 61: 1590–1593.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robertson, A.P., Hoxey, R.P., Demmers, T.G.M., Welch, S.K., Sneath, R.W., Stacey, K.F., Fothergill, A., Filmer, D. and Fisher, C. (2002) Commercial scale studies of the effect of broiler-protein intake on aerial pollutant emissions. Biosystems engineering 82(2): 217–225.Google Scholar
Scott, T.A., Paul, J.W., Newberry, R.C. and Barton, P.K. (1997) Balanced amino acid diets increase bird health and reduce ammonia emissions. World Poultry 13(12): 23–25Google Scholar
Sauter, E.A., Petersen, C.F., Steele, E.E. and Parkinson, J.F. (1981) The airborne microflora of poultry houses. Poultry Science 60: 569–561.Google Scholar
Seltzer, W., Moum, S.G. and Goldhaft, T.M. (1969) A method for the treatment of animal wastes to control ammonia and other odours. Poultry Science 48: 1912.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sneath, R.W., Holden, M.R., Phillips, V.R., White, R.P. and Wathes, C.M. (1996) An inventory of emissions of aerial pollutants from poultry buildings in the UKProceedings; International Conference on Air Pollution from Agricultural OperationsFeb 7–9, 1996Kansas City, Missouri. 207–214.Google Scholar
Stanley, V.G. (1981) The effect of stocking density on commercial broilers performance. Poultry Science 60: 1737–1738.Google Scholar
Takai, H., Pedersen, S., Johnsen, J.O., Metz, J.H.M., Groot Koerkamp, P.W.G., Uenk, G.H., Phillips, V.R., Holden, M.R., Sneath, R.W., Short, J.L., White, R.P., Hartung, J., Seedorf, J., Schroder, M., Linkert, K.H. and Wathes, C.M. (1998) Concentrations and emissions of airborne dust in livestock buildings in Northern Europe. Journal of agricultural Engineering Research 70: 59–77.Google Scholar
Theresa, M.M. and Wathes, C.M. (1989) Air hygiene in broiler house: comparison of deep litter with raised netting floors. British Poultry Science 30: 23–37.Google Scholar
Valentine, H. (1964) A study of the effect of different ventilation rates on the ammonia concentrations in the atmosphere of broiler houses. British Poultry Science 5: 149–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Wicklen, G.L. (1989) Respirable aerosol sampling in poultry and swine housing. Aerosol sampling in animal houses EUR 11877 en.Google Scholar
Wathes, C.M. (1994) Air and surface hygiene. In: Livestock Housing. Eds. Wathes, C.M. and Charles, D.R., CAB International, Wallingford, 123–148.Google Scholar
Wathes, C.M., Holden, M.R., Sneath, R.W., White, R.P. and Phillips, V.R. (1997) Concentrations and emission rates of aerial ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, carbon dioxide, dust and endotoxin in UK broiler and layer houses. British Poultry Science 38: 14–28CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weaver, W.D. (Jr) and Meijerhof, R. (1991) The effect of different levels of relative humidity and air movement on litter conditions, ammonia levels, growth, and carcass quality for broiler chickens. Poultry Science 10: 746–155.Google Scholar
Webster, A.J. (1990) Housing on respiratory disease in farm animals. Outlook on Agriculture 19: 31–35.Google Scholar
Willis, W.L., Ouart, M.D. and Ouart, C.L. (1987) Effect of an evaporative cooling and dust control system on rearing environment and performance of male broiler chickens. Poultry Science 66: 1590–1593.Google Scholar
Yoder, M.F. and Van Wicklen, G.L. (1988) Respirable aerosol generation by broiler chickens. Transactions of the American Society of Agriculture Engineers 31: 1510–1517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar