Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T11:37:35.744Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Role of insoluble non-starch polysaccharides in poultry nutrition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2007

H. Hetland ,
M. Choct  and
B. Svihus
H. Hetland*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Agricultural University of Norway, Ås, N-1432, Norway
M. Choct
Affiliation:
School of Rural Science and Agriculture, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
B. Svihus
Affiliation:
Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Agricultural University of Norway, Ås, N-1432, Norway
*
*Corresponding author: e-mail: harald.hetland@iha.nlh.no
Get access

Abstract

This paper reviews and presents new evidence for the role of insoluble fibre (nonstarch polysaccharides and lignin) in poultry nutrition. Insoluble fibre affects gut functions and modulates nutrient digestion. Thus, digestibility of starch is higher and digesta passage rate faster when a moderate level of insoluble fibre is present in the diet. The effect of insoluble fibre on gut functions stems from its ability to accumulate in the gizzard, which seems to regulate digesta passage rate and nutrient digestion in the intestine. Furthermore, there are indications that diets high in insoluble fibre are preventative of cannibalism outbreaks in laying hens. It is hypothesized that with nutrients disappearing from the lumen faster and digesta moving through the gut quicker, birds spend longer time eating and less time pecking each other. However, the ability of insoluble fibre to exert these effects appears to be related, in part, to particle size as fine grinding diminishes its stimulatory influence on the gizzard. More research is underway on the physical and chemical structure of fibre on gut functions, nutrient digestion and bird behaviour.

Keywords

poultryinsoluble fibregizzard grindingparticle sizecannibalismdigesta transit rate
Type
Reviews
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 60 , Issue 4 , December 2004 , pp. 415 - 422
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

This paper was first presented at the 14th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, Littlehammer, Norway, August 10–14, 2003

References

Abrahamsson, P., Tauson, R. and Elwinger, K. (1996) Effect on production, health and egg quality of varying proportions of wheat and barley in diets for two hybrids of laying hens kept in different housing systems. Acta Agriculturæ Scandiavica 46: 173–182.Google Scholar
Aerni, V., El-Lethey, H. and Wechsler, B. (2000) Effect of foraging material and food form on feather pecking in laying hens. British Poultry Science 41: 16–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Al-Bustany, Z. and Elwinger, K. (1988) Whole grains, unprocessed rapeseed and beta-glucanase in diets for laying hens. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research 18: 31–40.Google Scholar
Angkanaporn, K., Choct, M., Bryden, W.L., Annison, E.F. and Annison, G. (1994) Effects of wheat pentosans on endogenous amino acid losses in chickens. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 66: 399–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bach Knudsen, K.E. (1997) Carbohydrate and lignin contents of plant material used in animal feeding. Animal Feed Science and Technology 67: 319–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bird, F.H. (1971) Distribution of trypsin and amylase activities in the duodenum of the domestic fowl. British Poultry Science 12: 373–278.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cao, B., Kumao, T. and Karasawa, Y. (1998) Effects of dietary cellulose levels on growth, nitrogen utilization and retention time of diets at intestine in chicks fed equal amounts of nutrients. Proceedings of the 6th Asian Pacific Poultry Congress, NagoyaJapan, pp.402–403.Google Scholar
Carré, B. (1990) Predicting the dietary energy value of poultry feeds. In: Feedstuff Evaluation, pp. 283–300, eds Wiseman, J. and Cole, D.J.A.Butterworths, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choct, M., Hughes, R.J., Wang, J., Bedford, M.R., Morgan, A.J. and Annison, G. (1996) Increased small intestinal fermentation is partly responsible for the anti-nutritive activity of non-starch polysaccharides in chickens. British Poultry Science 37: 609–621.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clemens, E.T., Stevens, C.E. and Southworth, M. (1975) Sites of organic acid production and pattern of digesta movement in the gastrointestinal tract of geese. Journal of Nutrition 105: 1341–1350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Donnell, M.D., Mcgeeny, K.F. and Fitzgerald, O. (1974) Effect of free and conjugated bile salts on a-amylase activity. Enzyme 19: 129–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duke, G.E. (1992) Recent studies on regulation of gastric motility in turkeys. Poultry Science 71: 1–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, C.A. (1995). The physiological effect of dietary fibre. In: Kritchewsky, D. and Bonfield, C. (eds) Dietary fibre in health and disease. Eagan Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, p58–71.Google Scholar
El-Lethey, H., Aerni, V., Jungi, T.W. and Wechsler, B. (2000) Stress and feather pecking in laying hens in relation to housing conditions. British Poultry Science 41: 22–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hartini, S., Choct, M., Hinch, G., Kocher, A. and Nolan, J.V. (2002). Effects of light intensity during rearing, beak trimming and dietary fiber sources on mortality, egg production and performance of ISA brown laying hens. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 11: 104–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, F.W. and Dansky, L.M. (1954) Studies of the energy requirements of chickens. Poultry Science 33: 112–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hetland, H. and Svihus, B. (2001) Effect of oat hulls on performance, gut capacity and feed passage time in broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 42: 354–361.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hetland, H., Svihus, B. and Krogdahl, Å. (2003) Effects of oat hulls and wood shavings on digestion in broilers and layers fed diets based on whole or ground wheat. British Poultry Science 44: 275–282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hetland, H., Svihus, B. and Olaisen, V. (2002) Effect of feeding whole cereals on performance, starch digestibility and duodenal particle size distribution in broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 43: 416–423.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kløvstad, K.H. (2002) Effect av tilgang til strø og hel hvete i fôr til slaktekylling (in norwegian). MSc theses, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Norway. 44pp.Google Scholar
Kratzer, F.H., Rajagura, R.W.A.S.B. and Vohra, P. (1967) The effect of polysaccharides on energy utilization, nitrogen retention and fat absorption in chickens. Poultry Science 46: 1489–1493.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krogdahl, Å. (1986) Antinutrients affecting digestive functions and performance in poultry. Proceedings of the 7th European Poultry Conference, Paris. Vol. 1, pp. 239–248.Google Scholar
Langhout, D.J. (1998) The role of intestinal flora as affected by non-starch polysaccharides in broiler chicks. Ph.D Thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 162 pp.Google Scholar
Malagelada, J.R., Go, V.L.V., Dimango, E.P. and Summerskill, W.H.J. (1973) Interaction between intraluminial bile acids and digestive products on pancreatic and gallbladder function. Journal of Clinical Investigation 52: 2160–2165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, S.J. (1999) Food breakdown in an avian herbivore; who needs teeth? Australian Journal of Zoology 47: 625–632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nordrum, S., Krogdahl, Å., Røsjø, C., Olli, J.J. and Holm, H. (2000) Effects of methionine, cysteine and medium chain triglycerides on nutrient digestibility, absorption of amino acids along the intestinal tract and nutrient retention in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L) under pair feeding regime. Aquaculture 186: 341–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogel, A.M., Balnave, D., Bryden, W.L. and Annison, E.F. (1987a) Improvement of raw potato starch digestion in chickens by feeding oat hulls and other fibrous feedstuffs. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38: 629–637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogel, A.M., Balnave, D., Bryden, W.L. and Annison, E.F. (1987b) The digestion of wheat starch in broiler chickens. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38: 639–649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schweizer, T.F. and Edwards, C.A. (1992) Dietary fibre – a component of food. Springer – Verlag, London, UK, 354 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smiths, C.H.M. and Annison, G. (1996) Non-starch plant polysaccharides in broiler nutrition – towards a physiologically valid approach to their determination. World's Poultry Science Journal 42: 203–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Svihus, B., Hetland., , Choct, M. and Sundby, F. (2002) Passage rate through the anterior tract of broiler chickens fed on diets with ground and whole wheat. British Poultry Science 43: 662–668.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Svihus, B. and Hetland, H. (2001) Ileal starch digestibility in growing broiler chickens fed a wheat-based diet is improved by mash feeding, dilution with cellulose or whole wheat inclusion. British Poultry Science 42: 633–637.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wahlstrøm, A., Tauson, R. and Elwinger, K. (1998) Effects on plumage condition, health and mortality of dietary oats/wheat ratios to three hybrids of laying hens in different housing system. Acta Agriculturæ Scandiavica 48: 250–250.Google Scholar