Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T07:29:41.115Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

How Much Market Access? A Case Study of Jordan's Exports to the EU

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 May 2018

STEPHANIE BRUNELIN ,
JAIME DE MELO  and
ALBERTO PORTUGAL-PEREZ
STEPHANIE BRUNELIN*
Affiliation:
World Bank
JAIME DE MELO*
Affiliation:
FERDI and Université de Genève
ALBERTO PORTUGAL-PEREZ*
Affiliation:
World Bank
*
*Email: stephanie.brunelin@gmail.com.
**Email: aportugalperez@worldbank.org.
***Email: jaime.demelo@unige.ch.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The value of preferential market access schemes has fallen sharply. Drawing on a relaxation announcement of July 2016 simplifying origin requirements for access to the EU that should help improve market access, thereby contributing to alleviate the refugee crisis in Jordan, this paper argues that a simplification of origin requirements is a straightforward way to enhance preferential market access. Yet, the EU decision limits the beneficiaries who must be located in designated special economic zones, which limits preferential market access. The paper compares the performance of Jordanian exports to the EU and the US under their respective FTAs. It shows that Jordanian exports to the US have grown more rapidly than exports to the EU over the last 15 years. The study documents lower utilisation of preferences in the EU than in the US, especially in Textiles and Apparel (T&A) in spite of non-negligible preferences. Three contributing factors are identified: (i) higher adjusted preferences for apparel in the US than in the EU; (ii) greater competition from other suppliers (mostly from LDCs) in the EU market than in the US market; (iii) simpler origin requirements in the case of the Jordan–US FTA. Comparative evidence from the two FTAs and econometric estimates suggest that this should help restore market access for Jordanian exports to the EU. These estimates provide additional evidence that origin requirements suppress market access. Other pathways to simplify origin requirements are offered in the conclusion.

Type
Review Article
Information
World Trade Review , Volume 18 , Issue 3 , July 2019 , pp. 431 - 449
Copyright
Copyright © Stephanie Brunelin, Jaime De Melo And Alberto Portugal 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Without implicating them for suggestions and remaining inaccuracies, we thank Olivier Cadot, Maria-Isabel Catalan, Maria Donner Abreu, Lars Nilsson, Laurent Wagner, and Alan Winters for comments. The paper is a revised version of Brunelin, Melo and Portugal-Perez (2016). Melo gratefully acknowledges support from the French National Research Agency under program ANR-10-LABX-14-01 Findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors and do not reflect those of their respective institutional affiliations.

References

Al Nasa's, M., Chin, J., Leonard, S., Munoz, C., and Reilly, B. (2008), ‘The Jordan–US Free Trade Agreement: Eight Years Later, mimeo, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Blanchard, E. and Hakobyan, S. (2015), ‘The US Generalised System of Preferences in Principle and Practice’, The World Economy, 38(3): 399–424.Google Scholar
Brunelin, S., de Melo, J., and Portugal-Perez, A. (2016) ‘Improving Market Access for Jordanian Exports’, FERDI WP#169, www.ferdi.fr/sites/www.ferdi.fr/files/publication/fichiers/p169-ferdi-brunelin__demelo_-_portugal.pdf.Google Scholar
Cadot, O., Carrère, C., de Melo, J., and Portugal-Perez, A. (2005), ‘Market Access and Welfare Under Free Trade Agreements: Textiles under NAFTA’, The World Bank Economic Review, 19(3): 379–405.Google Scholar
Cadot, O. and de Melo, J. (2007), ‘Why OECD Countries Should Reform their Rules of Origin’, World Bank Research Observer, 23(1): 77–105.Google Scholar
Donner Abreu, M. (2013), ‘Preferential Rules of Origin in Regional Trade Agreements’, ERSD-2013-05, World Trade Organization.Google Scholar
Estevadeordal, A. and Suominen, K. (2006), ‘Mapping and Measuring Rules of Origin Around the World’, in Cadot, O., Estevadeordal, A., Suwa-Eisenmann, A., and Verdier, T. (eds.), The Origin of Goods: Rules of Origin in Regional Trade Agreements, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 69–113.Google Scholar
EU Commision Official Journal (2014) ‘Regional Convention on Pan-Euro-Mediterranean Preferential Rules of Origin’ L54/4.Google Scholar
Keck, A. and Lendle, A. (2012) ‘New Evidence on Preference Utilization’, Staff Working Paper ERSD-2012-12, World Trade Organization.Google Scholar
Melo, J. de and Portugal-Perez, A. (2014), ‘Rules of Origin, Preferences and Diversification in Apparel: African Exports to the US and to the EU’, World Bank Economic Review, 28(1), 74–98.Google Scholar
Nilsson, L. (2011), ‘Principles of EU Imports, Tariffs and Tariff Regimes’, Journal of World Trade, 45(4): 821–835.Google Scholar
Portugal-Perez, A. (2011), ‘Assessing the Political Economy Factors on Trade Integration: Rules of Origin under NAFTA’, Journal of Economic Integration, 26: 276–305.Google Scholar
World Trade Organization (2011), World Trade Report 2011: The WTO and Preferential Trade Agreements: From Co-existence to Coherence, World Trade Organization.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Brunelin et al. supplementary material

Appendix

Download Brunelin et al. supplementary material(File)
File 281.6 KB