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Low salinity negatively affects early larval development of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: insights from skeletal muscle and molecular biomarkers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2019

Luis Henrique Melo ,
Yuri Simões Martins ,
Rafael Magno Costa Melo ,
Paula Suzanna Prado ,
Ronald Kennedy Luz ,
Nilo Bazzoli  and
Elizete Rizzo Open the ORCID record for Elizete Rizzo [Opens in a new window]
Luis Henrique Melo
Affiliation:
Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Yuri Simões Martins
Affiliation:
Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Rafael Magno Costa Melo
Affiliation:
Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Paula Suzanna Prado
Affiliation:
Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Ronald Kennedy Luz
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Aquacultura, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Nilo Bazzoli
Affiliation:
Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Elizete Rizzo*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
*
Address for correspondence: Elizete Rizzo. Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. E-mails: ictio@icb.ufmg.br; elizeterizzo@gmail.com
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Summary

The present study evaluated the effects of low salinity on the early larval development of Oreochromis niloticus, specifically histological damage to white muscle, morphology of the yolk-sac surface and trunk area, and molecular expression of apoptosis and cell proliferation biomarkers. Newly hatched larvae were submitted to four salinity treatments for a period of 48 or 72 h, in duplicate: (S0) freshwater, (S2) 2 g l−1, (S4) 4 g l−1, and (S6) 6 g l−1NaCl. Larval development was examined using histology, electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and morphometry. At the yolk-sac surface, larvae of S4 and S6 displayed alterations to the apical opening of chloride cells that may be related to osmotic expenditure caused by the increased salinity. Caspase-3 expression did not differ significantly among treatments, however significantly lower proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression (P < 0.05) suggested minor cell proliferation in larvae of S4 and S6 compared with S0 and S2. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in both trunk area and percentage of normal white muscle fibres (WF) in larvae of S4 and S6. Vacuolated areas and myofibrils concentrated at the cell periphery and found in the white muscle from larvae exposed to saline environments suggested disturbance to muscle development. Oedema and mononuclear infiltrate were also observed in the white muscle of S4 and S6 larvae. Together these results indicated that treatments with 4 and 6 g l−1 NaCl may cause osmoregulation expenditure, morphological alterations to the yolk-sac surface and histological damage to skeletal muscle that negatively affected the early larval development of O. niloticus.

Keywords

Caspase-3LarvaePCNASkeletal muscleYolk sac
Type
Research Article
Information
Zygote , Volume 27 , Issue 6 , December 2019 , pp. 375 - 381
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2019 

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