Metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity and hyperuricemia in schizophrenia: Results from the FACE-SZ dataset

Abstract

Objective

Abdominal obesity was suggested to be a better predictor than Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) for cardiovascular mortality, however is has not been extensively studied in schizophrenia. Hyperuricemia (HU) was also suggested to be both an independent risk factor for greater somatic comorbidity and a global metabolic stress maker in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of MetS, abdominal obesity and HU and to examine the association between metabolic parameters with HU in a cohort of French patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ), and to explore if patients were correctly treated.

Method

In total, 240 SZ patients (age = 31.4 years, male gender 74.3%) were systematically included. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation and HU if serum uric acid level was above 360 μmol/L.

Results

MetS, abdominal obesity and HU were found respectively in 24.2%, 21.3% and 19.6% of patients. In terms of risk factors, multiple logistic regression showed that after taking into account the potential confounders, the risk for HU was higher in males (OR = 5.9, IC 95 [1.7–21.4]) and with subjects with high waist circumference (OR = 3.1, IC 95 [1.1–8.3]) or hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 4.9, IC 95 [1.9–13]). No association with hypertension, low HDL cholesterol or high fasting glucose was observed. Only 10% of patients with hypertension received a specific treatment, 18% for high fasting glucose and 8% for dyslipidemia.

Conclusions

The prevalence of MetS, abdominal obesity and hyperuricemia is elevated in French patients with schizophrenia, all of which are considerably under-diagnosed and undertreated. HU is strongly associated with abdominal obesity but not with psychiatric symptomatology.

Disclosure of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interest.