Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 April 2022
Diversas líneas de evidencia sugieren la existencia de dos rangos de acción de cazadores-recolectores en el sur de Patagonia meridional durante el Holoceno tardío: uno oriental, concentrado en el campo volcánico Pali Aike y otro occidental, localizado a lo largo de una franja relativamente longitudinal que va desde el sur de Lago Argentino hasta Última Esperanza. Mientras el uso de lascas y dacita predomina en el primero, la tecnología laminar y la explotación de lutita negra es recurrente en el segundo. Sin embargo, instrumentos de filo largo (raederas y cuchillos) sobre láminas de lutita negra también se registran, en baja frecuencia, en el campo volcánico Pali Aike y espacios asociados. Este trabajo evalúa, a través de las técnicas de morfometría geométrica, si estos instrumentos pertenecen a una misma población artefactual de acuerdo con sus características morfológicas. Los resultados no muestran diferencias morfológicas significativas entre los instrumentos laminares de lutita negra según su área de hallazgo (oriental versus occidental). La información morfológica y otras evidencias sobre los tamaños de los instrumentos laminares y la disponibilidad de lutita negra, cuyas principales fuentes de aprovisionamiento se localizan en el área occidental, abren la discusión sobre distintos mecanismos de interacción poblacional involucrados en la dispersión de estos artefactos.
Several lines of evidence suggest the existence of two hunter-gatherer home ranges in southern Patagonia during the Late Holocene: an eastern one, focused on the Pali Aike volcanic field, and a western one, located along a relatively longitudinal band that goes from the south of the Argentino Lake to Última Esperanza. While the use of flakes and dacite predominates in the former, blade technology and black shale exploitation is common in the latter. Long-edged stone tools (side-scrapers and knives) on shale blades are also recorded, at low frequency, in the Pali Aike volcanic field and spaces connected to it. Using geometric morphometric techniques, we evaluate whether these tools belong to the same artifact population. Results show no significant morphological differences between the black shale laminar tools according to their discovery area (eastern versus western). Morphological information and other evidence on sizes of laminar tools and availability of black shale, whose main sources are located in the western area, open the discussion on different mechanisms of population interaction involved in the dispersal of these artifacts.
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