Index

Gary Watt

doi:10.1017/9781009336413.017

Index

absolute truth, 108–110

abstract things, 56–57

Actio (rhetoric), 12–13

actors

generally, 12–14

in common law, 204

defined, 12

delivery and, 12–13

in law, 13–14

as politicians, 140

in Rome, 12–14

Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves (US), 278

Acts of Parliament, impeachment of, 242

Adam, Eddie, 215–216

Adams, John, 15

adoption

Adoption Orders (UK), 102

biological truth and, 106

Aesopus (Roman actor), 13

Affordable Care Act (US), 188

Age of Enlightenment, 37

agriculture/horticulture analogue

creation and, 31–32, 34

etymologies of making and, 31–32

fake news and, 242–243

invention and, 31–32

law-making and, 220–221

news and, 232, 236, 242–244, 250–251

production, agriculture/horticulture analogue, 31–32, 39

Alberta, Tim, 141

Albert’s Last Skep (documentary), 51

Alexander, Gavin, 123

Allen, C.K., 76, 87–88, 196

‘alternative facts’, 239

Always (sanitary product), 213

American Dialect Society, 64, 231

Antony and Cleopatra (Shakespeare), 225–226

Appius Claudius Caecus, 122, 124, 126

Apple Inc., 213

Apple Stores, 213

The Apprentice (television program), 140–141, 149, 154, 170

architecture

artefaction in, 26

law-making, architecture metaphor, 197–198

Aristophanes, 182

Aristotle

building metaphor and, 198

on epieikeia, 81–82, 198

on ethics, 166

on ethos, 165

on food, 48

on made things versus natural things, 43–46

on metaphor, 41–42

on phronesis, 80–82, 90

on rhetoric, 12

on rules, 203

on technê, 25–26, 81–82

on tragedy, 283

on usury, 57–58

art

“cancel culture” and, 254

co-production in, 212

faces and, 120–122

invention, role of, 39

mirror response, effect on, 167–168

truth and, 71–73

artefaction

abstract things, 56–57

in architecture, 26

baby metaphor, 26

ball kicking analogy, 47–48

bed metaphor, 43–46

change, capacity of things for, 43–46

comedy and, 275

corporations and, 56–57

creation, relation to, 59

defined, 25

dominion of things, 47–48

faces and, 114–115, 134–135

food analogy, 48

intangible things, 43

jar analogy, 46–47

language and, 43

law-making and, 26–27, 58–59

legislation and, 58–59

logos and, 28–30

making things, made things as, 46–49

money and, 57–58

natural things versus made things, 43–46

Parliament exemplified by, 27–28

participation compared, 28

perforcement compared, 27

“Pinocchio Effect” and, 48–49

play analogy, 48

rhetoric and, 26

speech artefacts, 26–27

technê and, 25–26

theatre and, 26, 48

things versus objects, 27–28

weaving metaphor, 43

wood carving metaphor, 49

words and, 43

artificial

beauty, Gauden on, 120

legal person as, 97

non-pejorative usage, 99

process of fact production, 9

Arts and Crafts movement, 50

As You Like It (Shakespeare), 129–130

Atkinson, Rowan, 155, 273

Auden, W.H., 41

audience

as co-producer, 40–42

participation, activity of, 40–42

Augustine (Saint), 11

Austin, John, 14

Australia, building metaphor in, 190–191

Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 171

Authorship, defined by production, 85–86

Autopoiesis, 79–80

Aziz, Shaista, 282

Bacon, Francis, 73, 76, 117

Badenoch, Kemi, 279–280

Baker, Danny, 254–258, 262–265, 267, 269

Ball, Milner S., 77–78, 201

Banksy, 277

Barfield, Owen, 28–29, 38, 48, 53, 58–59, 102, 210–211

Barrault, Jean-Louis, 154

Barthes, Roland, 216–217

basket weaving

as craft, 50–52

“under-water basket weaving,” pejorative use of, 51

Bassnett, Susan, 218–219

Bastille, 205

Baudrillard, Jean, 228

Beever, Allan, 73–74

Benigni, Roberto, 276

Bennett, Susan, 116, 247

Bentham, Jeremy, 74

Bentley, Eric, 122–123

Bergson, Henri, 45

Berlin, Isaiah, 218

Bernini, Gian Lorenzo, 167

Berry, Mary, 170

Biden, Joe

building metaphor and, 188–189

on facts, 63

Inaugural Address, 224–225

January 6 insurrection and, 226

“post-truth” and, 65

rhetoric and, 9–10

Birth certificates, 102

‘Blackface’, 133

‘Blackfishing’, 133–134

‘Black History Month’, 280

Black Lives Matter, 16, 277

Blackstone, William, 97, 108

Blair, Gwenda, 147

Blair, Tony

Macron compared, 161–162

populism and, 160–161

‘spin’ and, 241

Boal, Augusto, 247

‘Bob the Builder’ (cartoon character), 189

Bogdanov, Michael, 195

‘Bohemian Rhapsody’ (Queen song), 143–144

Bonde, William, 37

Borch, Christian, 228–229

Bourdieu, Pierre, 70, 226

Bowie, David, 93

de Bracton, Henry, 222

Brady, Sara, 142–143

Branco, Patrícia, 181

Breaking Bad (television program), 6

Brecht, Bertolt, 182, 245

Brexit

Boris Johnson and, 129–130, 162, 176–177, 233

‘Get Brexit Done’, 189

law-making and, 90–91

Macron and, 162

May and, 195–196

Parliamentary approval, necessity of, 89–90

populist attacks on judicial decision regarding, 89–90

‘post-truth’ and, 64

prorogation of Parliament and, 117

‘Take Back Control’, 19–20

Brick metaphor, law-making and, 198–200

Britain First, 237

British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 233, 254–255

British Museum, 53, 199

Bromwich, Jonah Engel, 252

Bryant, Kenzie, 150

‘Build a Wall’ (Trump slogan), 148, 184, 209

‘BUILD BACK BETTER’ video (Boris Johnson), 172–173

‘Building a Bridge to the 21st Century’ (Bill Clinton slogan), 185

building metaphor

architecture metaphor, law-making and, 197–198

Aristotle and, 198

in Australia, 190–191

Biden and, 188–189

Boris Johnson and, 189–190

brick metaphor, law-making and, 198–200

building as noun versus building as verb, 194

cathedral metaphor, law-making and, 201–204

in China, 191

female politicians and, 188

Hillary Clinton and, 188

January 6 insurrection and, 204–205

language and, 192–194

law-making and, 196–198

‘Make America Great Again’ and, 183

music and, 194–195

rhetoric and, 192–194

in Taiwan, 191–192

Trump and, 185–186

in US politics, 187

Bunnings Warehouse (Australian hardware store), 190–191

Burke, Edmund, 43

Burns, Elizabeth, 41

Burns, Robert P., 67–68, 71, 76

Bush, George W., 239–240

Bush, Jeb, 155

Butler, Judith, 102, 131–132

Cameron, David, 217

Canada, First Nations, 64

‘cancel culture’

generally, 252

art and, 254

attention to history, lack of, 260–261

censoriousness, error of, 257, 266–268

as collective judgment and punishment, 254

comedy and, 273

cooling off period, lack of, 258

co-production and, 252

corporations and, 253–254

creation and, 252

criticism of, 256–257

cultural and intellectual response to, 259

defined, 252–254

demographics of, 254–255

deterrent cost, lack of, 258

forgiveness and, 276

haste, error of, 257–261

healing of social wounds, analogy to, 252, 264

hypocrisy, error of, 257, 266–268

iconoclasm and, 277–283

invention and, 252

as judgment, 254

law and, 254

making and, 252, 254

misogyny and, 267–268

music and, 278

no-platforming, 253–254

‘N word’ and, 270–273

production and, 252

racism and, 254–257, 262–265

social media and, 254–255, 266–267, 269–270

superficiality, error of, 257, 261–266

transgender personhood and, 267

Twitter and, 254–255, 266–267, 269–270

Capehart, Jonathan, 143

Capitol Building, 204–205

Carberry, Michael, 263

Cardozo, Benjamin, 49, 53–54, 58–59, 68–69, 71–72, 88, 196

Carey, James W., 246

Carlyle, Thomas, 66

Carrey, Jim, 141

Cash, Joanne, 261

cathedrals

common law, cathedral metaphor, 202

co-production and, 202

flying buttresses, 204

law-making, cathedral metaphor, 201–204

Cave, Nick, 276

Censoriousness in ‘cancel culture’, 257, 266–268

Centre for Global Development, 100

Chae, Jiyoung, 111

Channel 4, 214

Chaplin, Charlie, 124–125, 154, 275

Charles I, 277

Charteris-Black, Jonathan, 185, 194

Chekhov, Anton, 31

China, building metaphor in, 191

Chomsky, Noam, 259

Churchill, Winston, 124–125

Cicero, 13, 121–122, 124, 126, 163–164, 166, 245

Citizen Kane (film), 144–145

City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, 278

Civiello, Mary, 152–154

Civil law, 203

Clarkson, Jeremy, 172

The Clash, 174–175

Clickbait, 233–234

Clinton, Bill

‘Building a Bridge to the 21st Century’, 185

populism and, 161

Punch, compared to, 159

Clinton, Hillary

generally, 140

attacks on by Trump, 184

building metaphor and, 188

in debates, 145, 155–157

fake news and, 240–241

hand gestures of, 151

mimicking of by Trump, 155

persona of, 127

speaking style of, 145

co-creation

fake news and, 236

marketing and, 210

transgender personhood and, 93–95

Code of Hammurabi, 199

Cohen, M.R., 88

Coke, Edmund, 56

Colbert, Stephen, 64–65

The Colbert Report (television program), 64–65

Collaborative marketing, 210

Collaudatio, 222

Collett, Peter, 119–120

Collins English Dictionary, 231

Colston, Edward, 277, 280

comedy

artefaction and, 275

‘cancel culture’ and, 273

dark comedy, 276

death as subject of, 274

disability as subject of, 273–274

Hitler as subject of, 275–276

Holocaust as subject of, 275–276

Nazism as subject of, 275–276

recent tragedy as subject of, 275

tragicomedy, 276

war as subject of, 275

Commedia dell’arte, 143–144, 158–160

common law

generally, 203–204

actors in, 204

adversarial nature of, 204

advocates, duty of, 204

cathedral metaphor, 202

civil law compared, 203

sovereign will of people and, 219–221

confectionary performance

generally, 163–164, 246

Boris Johnson and, 172–177

‘BUILD BACK BETTER’ video, 172–173

cooking as, 170–171, 180

co-production and, 178–179, 182

gardening as, 180

The Great British Bake Off, 170–171, 180

‘Hot Dish House Party’, 177–178

Kitchen Cabinet, 171

“mince pie” video, 172–173, 180

mirror response and, 170–171

risks of, 177

smell, importance of, 179–181

taste, importance of, 181–182

‘tea break’ video (See ‘Tea break’ video (Boris Johnson))

television cooking shows, 170–171, 180

Constitution (US)

as foundational statement, 15

MLK on, 17

constitutive rhetoric, 24

Conway, Kellyanne, 239

cooking

as confectionary performance, 170–171, 180

television shows, 170–171, 180

co-production

generally, 41–42

in art, 212

audience as co-producer, 40–42

‘cancel culture’ and, 252

cathedrals and, 202

confectionary performance and, 178–179, 182

‘creative reader’, 86, 218–219

faces and, 120–122

fake news and, 213, 236, 248

law-making and, 86

legislation and, 221

literature and, 215–218

marketing and, 210, 213–214

in media, 212

public, role of, 209

reader-response theory and, 215–218

risks of, 213–214

shift of society toward, 212

transgender personhood and, 93–95

translation as, 218–219

Trump and, 209, 211

Corbyn, Jeremy, 176–177, 269–270

corporations

as abstract things, 56–57

artefaction and, 56–57

‘cancel culture’ and, 253–254

corporations sole, 57

legal personhood of, 97

transgender personhood compared, 97

cosmetics, 111–112, 120

Coulson, Andrew, 217

Court of law. See Trials

COVID-19 pandemic

Boris Johnson and, 172–173, 189

face masking, psychological effect of, 111

fake news regarding, 236, 243–244

Macron and, 162

Oxford-Astra Zeneca (ChAdOx1) vaccine, 243–244

Trump and, 159

vaccine, making versus discovering, 21

Crabb, Annabel, 171

crafts

artisans, decline of, 50–53

basket weaving, 50–52

creation and, 83–84

etymologies of making and, 83–84

First World War, impact of, 51

hands/handwork and, 4–5

invention and, 83–84

law-making as, 80–83

mass production versus, 50–53

production and, 83–84

rhetoric as, 83

skep, 51

surnames originating in, 50

technology, negative impact of, 50–53

theatre as, 82

thinking and, 82–83

video tutorials and, 52

creation

agriculture/horticulture analogue, 31–32, 34

artefaction, relation to, 59

‘cancel culture’ and, 252

co-creation (See Co-creation)

crafts and, 83–84

Darwinian evolution, role in, 34

defined, 30

distinction from other etymologies of making, 30–31

divine, role of, 34–35

fake news and, 232–233

gender and, 103

law-making and, 75–76, 87–88, 221

monarchy and, 222

social media analogue, 31–32

transgender personhood and, 92–93, 110

truth and, 109

Web 2.0 analogue, 31–32

‘Creative reader’, 86, 218–219

Cromwell, Oliver, 277

Cruise, Tom, 88

Cryptocurrency, 57

Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, 7, 32–33, 40–41

Cummings, Dominic, 20

Daffy Duck (cartoon character), 144

The Daily Beast, 270–271

Dark comedy, 276

Darling, Charles J., 245–246

Darwinian evolution

creation, role of, 34

invention, role of, 34, 38–39

watchmaker metaphor and, 38

Dawkins, Richard, 38–39

Dawson, Richard, 43

death as subject of comedy, 274

Declaration of Independence (US)

as foundational statement, 15

idealism in, 238

MLK on, 17

as rhetorical performance, 20–21, 237–238

declaratory theory of law, 73

Deed poll, 103

The Defence of Poesie (Sidney), 121

Deleuze, Gilles, 37

Del Mar, Maksymilian, 27, 41

demagoguery, 211

democracy

fragility of, 16

as manufactured, 16

sovereign will of people in, 224–225

Demosthenes (Greek orator), 65

Denning, Tom (Lord), 74, 87–88

Dewey, John, 69, 179

Dicey, A.V., 63, 86–87, 222–224

Dickens, Charles, 79

Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee (UK), 230–231

‘Digit-ill’, 5–7

Dion, Celine, 274

disability as subject of comedy, 273–274

discovery, making distinguished, 37

disinformation, 230–231, 246

Dissanayake, Ellen, 19

Dolezal, Rachel, 133–135

Donovan, Joan, 226

Dorsey, Jack, 253

Drag performance, 131–132

Dryden, John, 92

Duchenne, Guillaume, 118

Duffield, Rosie, 267

Dunning, David, 259–260

Dunning–Kruger effect, 259–260

Dworkin, Ronald, 85

Eastenders (television program), 172

Eastern Washington University, 133–134

Ecclesiasticus, 3

Eddington, Arthur Stanley, 35–36

Edelman, Richard, 240

Edison, Thomas, 31

Education Act (No. 2) 1986 (UK), 253

Education Reform Act 1988 (UK), 253

Ejiofor, Joseph, 263–265

Ekman, Paul, 118, 126–127

Elam, Keir, 248

Elan-Cane, Christie, 104–105

Electoral Commission (UK), 241

Elizabeth I, 123, 225

Elizabeth II, 214, 224–225, 242

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 86, 193, 216–219

Empathy, mirror response and, 168–169

Employment Appeal Tribunal (UK), 94, 100

English Civil War, 277

Entropy, 35–36

Epieikeia, 81–82, 198

Equal Treatment Bench Book, 265

Esher, Reginald B.B. (Lord), 87

ethics

psychology, relation to, 166

rhetoric, relation to, 166

ethos, 165

Etxabe, Julen, 259

etymologies of making, 23–24 . See also Creation; Invention; Production

European Convention on Human Rights, 104

European Medicines Agency (EMA), 243

Fabian Society, 139–140, 183

Fabric, 205

Facebook, 131, 177, 230

Facere

‘face’ as derived from, 111, 114

‘fact’ as derived from, 9

‘faction’ as derived from, 15

‘faculty’ as derived from, 179–180

‘fake’ as derived from, 114, 230–231

faces

generally, 111

art and, 120–122

artefaction and, 114–115, 134–135

‘blackface’, 133

‘clown’ faces, 119–120

construction of, 118–119

co-production and, 120–122

cosmetics and, 111–112, 120

facial expression and, 116–117

hand gestures, relation to facial gestures, 166–167

heightened mirror response generated by face-to-face interaction, 169

‘leakage’, 118

as manufactured, 114–115

masking, psychological effect of, 111

‘mask that becomes fixed’ trope, 135

‘microexpressions’, 118

nature and, 120–122

pareidolia, 114

perception of, 112–113

persona and, 115

prosopagnosia, 113–114

prosopopoeia (See Prosopopoeia)

psychology of making, 112–115

recognition of, 113–114

‘show’ and, 126–127

smiles, 118

social media, makeup tutorials on, 111–112

theatrical performance, relation to, 115–116

facts

‘alternative facts’, 239

establishment of, 63

laws as, 63

as manufactured, 9, 67–69

scientific facts, 63

trials, manufacturing of facts in, 67–69

fake news

generally, 230

‘alerting public’ defence, 214

‘alternative facts’, 239

clickbait and, 233–234

co-creation and, 236

co-production and, 213, 236, 248

COVID-19 pandemic, regarding, 236, 243–244

creation and, 232–233

criminalisation of, 235

cuisine analogy, 244–246

false allegations of, 231–232

Hillary Clinton and, 240–241

innocent error distinguished, 236

manufactured nature of news, 230, 250

media responsibility for, 232–235

mob dynamics and, 228

Obama and, 240–241

‘optics’ and, 223–224

political misuse of, 231

politician responsibility for, 237–240, 242–244

production and, 232–233

public responsibility for, 235–237, 248

receiver responsibility, 235–237, 248, 251

seed analogy, 242–243

sensationalism and, 235

on social media, 247–248

in tabloids, 234–235

Trump and, 214, 230–231, 237, 240–241

Trump inauguration crowd size, regarding, 238–239

Farage, Nigel, 141

Faust (Marlowe), 18

The Federalist Papers (Hamilton/Jay/Madison), 15

feel/feeling

language, relation to, 53

touch/touching, relation to, 8

A Few Good Men (film), 88

Finlayson, Alan, 139–140

Fiorilli, Tiberio, 144

Fiorina, Carly, 127–128

Flowers, Jill, 272–273

Flowers, Kovon, 272–273

Flying buttresses, 204

Forstater, Maya, 94–99

Foss, Sonja K., 24–25

Founding Fathers, 14–17

France

French Revolution, 205

Ministry of Justice, 197

Franken, Al, 177

Franklin, Benjamin

generally, 15

as freemason, 188

making and, 45

Fraunce, Abraham, 123, 126

Freeman, Haley, 157

Freemasonry, 188

Friesen, Wallace, 118

Fukuyama, Francis, 259

functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), 166–167

Gaakeer, Jeanne, 79

Gabriel, Jeremy, 274

Gadamer, Hans-Georg, 4–5, 81–82, 90

Gallese, Vittorio, 167

gardening

as confectionary performance, 180

television shows, 6, 149, 180

Gardiner, Sam, 131

Garnsey, Eliza, 197

Gauden, John, 112, 120–121, 127, 277

Gauntlett, David, 7, 32, 212

gender

binary classification, problems with, 104–105

creation and, 103

cultural nature of, 102

drag performance and, 131–132

production and, 103

sex change, 101–102

ships and, 97–98

as social construction, 131–132

transgender personhood in law (See Transgender personhood in law)

Gender Recognition Act 2004 (UK), 94–101, 106–107

Gender Recognition Certificate (UK), 94–101

George Washington University, 133–134

German–Americans, 184–187

Germany

hate speech in, 273

Holocaust denial and, 235

‘Get Brexit Done’ (Boris Johnson slogan), 189

Gettysburg Address, 27, 43

Gibbs, Raymond W., Jr., 192

Gillette, 213–214

Gingrich, Newt, 159

‘God Save the Queen/King!’ (British national anthem), 222

Goffman, Erving, 115–116, 252

Golding, William, 202

Goodrich, Peter, 4, 245–246

Google Books, 261

Google Scholar, 261

Gordon, Jonathan, 157

GovTrack, 178

Gracián, Baltasar, 181

Gražinytė-Tyla, Mirga, 278

The Great British Bake Off (television program), 170–171, 180

The Great Dictator (film), 275

Griffin, Cindy L., 24–25

Grotowski, Jerzy, 40, 116

G7 Summit (2021), 189

Guadalupe, Maria, 157

‘Gunpowder Plot’, 225

Hale, Brenda (Lady), 117

Hall, Eric, 51

Hamilton, Alexander, 15

Hamilton (musical), 17

Hamlet (Shakespeare), 73, 161, 168, 269

Hancock, John, 188

Hand, Learned, 80, 246

hand gestures

dynamic nature of, 149

expansive nature of, 149–150

facial gestures, relation to, 166–167

of Hillary Clinton, 151

large circle gesture, 152, 154

of Obama, 151, 154

pistol pose, 153–154

small circlet gesture, 152–154

of Trump, 147–154

hands/handwork

alienation resulting from loss of, 6

crafts and, 4–5

digital assets and, 5–6

gestures (See Hand gestures)

human wellbeing and, 7

‘jazz hands’, 151

mass production, loss of hand–thing immediacy and, 51–52

materialism resulting from loss of, 6

in politics, 6–7

in popular culture, 6

rhetoric, relation to, 5–6

Harrington, John, 121

Harris, Kamala, 188

Harry (Prince), 256, 262, 264

Haste in “cancel culture,” 257–261

Hatala, Erich, 279

Have I Got News For You (television program), 172

Heathcote, Dorothy, 40, 54–56

Heidegger, Martin, 6, 27, 29

Helzer, Erik G., 259–260

Hemings, Sarah “Sally,” 278–279

Henry V (Shakespeare), 246

Hermida, Alfreda, 236

Hibberts, Bernard J., 82–83

High Speed Rail 2 (HS2), 189–190

Hillsborough football stadium disaster (1989), 234–235, 240

Hitler, Adolf, 227–229, 275–276

Hobbes, Thomas, 77, 106, 219–220

Hodges, Henry, 52

Hollywood, Paul, 170

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 97

Holocaust

comedy, as subject of, 275–276

denial of, 235

Homo faber, 5, 45

Hooker, Richard, 36

Horace, 72, 194–195, 245–246, 251

Hortensius (Roman lawyer), 13

‘Hot Dish House Party’, 177–178

Huenlic, David, 186–187

Humphrys, John, 101

Hussein, Saddam, 162

Hwang, Hyi Sung, 118–119

Hypereides (Greek orator), 65–66

Hypocrisy in ‘cancel culture’, 257, 266–268

Iacoboni, Marco, 167–169

Ibsen, Henrik, 202

Iceland, Althing (Alþingi), 27–28

iconoclasm, 277–283

ideal candidates, 211–212

‘I Have a Dream’ speech (King), 16–17, 283

impersonation, 122–123

impersonators, 124–125

Ingold, Tim, 27–28, 52, 54, 211

‘Inklings’, 28

Insane Clown Posse (music group), 150

International Criminal Court, 196–197

interpretation

as law-making, 86–87

myth of, 91

invention

agriculture/horticulture analogue, 31–32

art, role in, 39

‘cancel culture’ and, 252

crafts and, 83–84

Darwinian evolution, role in, 34, 38–39

defined, 30, 36

distinction from other etymologies of making, 30–31

divine, role of, 34–35

ideal candidates and, 211–212

law-making and, 75–76

monarchy and, 222

music, role in, 39

social media analogue, 31–32

transgender personhood and, 92

truth and, 36–37

Web 2.0 analogue, 31–32

invitational rhetoric, 24–25

Iraq War, 162

Irving, Henry, 132, 142

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), 277

Isocrates (Greek orator), 65

James, William, 109

James I, 225

January 6 insurrection (2021)

generally, 141

building metaphor and, 204–205

mob dynamics and, 226

no-platforming and, 253

populism and, 161–162

rhetoric, role of, 15

Trump and, 226, 229

Jay, John, 15

‘Jazz hands’, 151

Jefferson, Randolph, 279

Jefferson, Thomas

generally, 15

memorial, 278

slavery and, 278–279

Jerusalem Film Festival, 276

Jesuits, 225

Jesus, 33, 266, 268, 276

John (Gospel), 23–29

Johns, Fleur, 46

Johnson, Boris

Brexit and, 129–130, 162, 176–177, 233

‘BUILD BACK BETTER’ video, 172–173

as ‘builder’, 189–190

clothing of, 150

clownish appearance of, 150

confectionary performance and, 172–177

COVID-19 pandemic and, 172–173, 189

‘Get Brexit Done’, 189

“mince pie” video, 172–173, 180

political advertising and, 242

populism and, 162

‘spin’ and, 241

split personality and, 128–130

‘tea break’ video (See ‘Tea break’ video (Boris Johnson))

television appearances of, 172

Johnson, Mark, 192

Joie de faire, 19

Jojo Rabbit (film), 275–276

Joker: Put on a Happy Face (documentary), 135

Joker (film), 135

Jones, Owen, 269

Jonson, Ben, 66, 72–73, 80, 121, 214, 244, 252

Jost, Walter, 123–124

judges

as authors of law, 85–86

judge-made law, 199

judge-made truth, 70–71

as readers of law, 86

as writers of law, 85

judgment

‘cancel culture’ as, 254

as conversation, 259

Dunning–Kruger effect, 259–260

hypocrisy and, 257, 266–268

rush to, 258, 260–261, 270

superficial, 261–262

Judicature Act 1873, 68

Judicial College (UK), 265

Judicial Committee of the House of Lords, 160

Julius Caesar (Shakespeare), 166, 174, 195

Juries, 67–68

Kaplan, Erin Aubry, 133–134

Karl, Jonathan, 141

Kasparov, Garry, 259

Keen, Andrew, 261–262

Kellner, Peter, 139, 241

Kelly, Lorraine, 128–131

Kendon, Adam, 153

Kennedy, John F., 124, 209

Khan, Imran, 159

Kim Jong-un, 141

King, Brenda, 157

King, Martin Luther, Jr.

generally, 198

‘I Have a Dream’ speech, 16–17, 283

memorial statue, 278–279

on racism, 262

rhetoric and, 16–17

King John (Shakespeare), 123

Kipling, Rudyard, 220

Kitchen Cabinet (television program), 171

Klobuchar, Amy, 63, 177–178

Klopp, Jurgen, 233–234

Knight, G. Wilson, 218

Kohler, Josef, 221

Kovaleski, Serge, 155

Krug, Jessica, 133–135

Lakoff, George, 192

language

artefaction and, 43

building metaphor and, 192–194

feel/feeling, relation to, 53

linguistic construction, 192–194

mirror response, effect on, 168

tool-making and, 53

large circle gesture, 152, 154

Latour, Bruno, 46

Lau, Richard R., 164–165

La Vita e Bella (Life is Beautiful) (film), 275–276

law

actors in, 13–14

‘cancel culture’ and, 254

civil law, 203

common law (See Common law)

corporations as abstract things, 56–57

declaratory theory of law, 73

legal truth versus scientific truth, 99

making of (See Law-making)

rhetoric in, 10–11, 13–14

transgender personhood in (See Transgender personhood in law)

law-making

generally, 23–24

academic authority, citation of, 49

agriculture/horticulture metaphor, 220–221

architecture metaphor, 197–198

artefaction and, 26–27, 58–59

author analogy, 85–86

autopoiesis and, 79–80

brick metaphor, 198–200

building metaphor, 196–198

cathedral metaphor, 201–204

coinage metaphor, 71–72

co-production of law, 86

cosmetics metaphor, 122

as craft, 80–83

creation and, 75–76, 87–88, 221

declared law versus manufactured law, 73–74

etymologies of making and, 74–77

interpretation as, 86–87

invention and, 75–76

judge-made law, 199

law, integration of law with, 200–201

legislation (See Legislation)

life, integration of law with, 200–201

mass production and, 77–79

material differences and, 84–85

phronesis and, 90

poiēsis and, 79–80

populist attacks on, 89–90

production and, 39, 70, 75–77, 85–86, 209

public opinion and, 89, 222–224

public participation in, 219–225

reader analogy, 86

respect for, 89–90

river metaphor, 220

‘ship of state’ metaphor, 63–64

social contract and, 221

sovereign will of people and, 219–221

tailoring metaphor, 87

technê and, 90

as translation, 218–219

weaving metaphor, 53–54

wood carving metaphor, 49

writer analogy, 85

Leader, Kate, 70

Le Bon, Gustave, 226–229

‘Legal fictions’, 106–108

legislation. See also law-making

artefaction and, 58–59

co-production and, 221

interpretation of, 77

public opinion and, 222–224

sovereign will of people and, 219–220

as translation, 218

Lempert, Michael, 153

‘Let’s Make America Great Again’ (Reagan slogan), 183–184

Lewis, C.S., 28

Lifshitz, Michael, 274

Lily: A Transgender Story (documentary), 93

Lincoln Cathedral, 204

Lind, Douglas, 95–97, 107–109

linguistic construction, 192–194

Lippmann, Walter, 247

literature. See also specific work

co-production and, 215–218

reader-response theory and, 215–218

Lithgow, John, 125

Liverpool Echo, 233–234

Liverpool Football Club, 234

Logos, 28–30

London Central Employment Tribunal, 101

London Olympics (2012), 190

Lonergan, Patrick, 32, 131–132

Lubbock, Percy, 40, 216–217

Ludlow, Morwenna, 125

Luhmann, Niklas, 79

Lycurgus (Greek orator), 65

Macbeth (Shakespeare), 118

Machiavelli, Niccolò, 8

MacIntyre, Ben, 147

MacKenzie, Kelvin, 234

Macquarie Dictionary, 231

Macron, Emanuel

Blair compared, 161–162

COVID-19 pandemic and, 162

on Oxford-Astra Zeneca (ChAdOx1) vaccine, 243–244

populism and, 161–162

Trump compared, 161–162

Madison, James, 15

Mahler, Louise, 152

Main, Anne, 99–100

maintenance/maintaining, 3–4

‘Make America Great Again’ (Trump slogan)

building metaphor and, 183

making and, 19–20, 148

mob dynamics and, 226

repetition and, 229

rhetorical power of, 187, 204

‘Make Britain Great Again’ (National Front slogan), 187

making

generally, 23

artefaction (See Artefaction)

‘cancel culture’ and, 252, 254

connection and, 32

creation (See Creation)

Csikszentmihalyi on, 32–33

discovery distinguished, 37

entropy and, 35–36

etymologies of, 23–24

Gauntlett on, 32

Holy Trinity metaphor, 33–34

invention (See Invention)

law-making (See Law-making)

linguistic construction, 192–194

‘Make America Great Again’ and, 19–20, 148

modalities of, 24

participation (See Participation)

perforcement (See Perforcement)

production (See Production)

Sayers on, 33–34

thing-making versus meaning-making, 210–211

thinking, relation to, 82–83

‘un-making’, 35–36

weaving metaphor, 54

Malthus, Thomas, 58

Manchester United, 234

Mandela, Nelson

Nobel Peace Prize and, 264

on Rhodes, 281–282

Mangini, Michele, 264

Mantel, Hilary, 85

manual

crafts, 7, 50, 52, 152, 171, 186

hand gestures (See Hand gestures)

performance, 149

post-manual world, 51–52

work, 6, 53

workers, 77, 151–153

Marceau, Marcel, 135, 154

March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (1963), 16–17

Marinelli, Maurizio, 191

marketing

co-creation and, 210

collaborative marketing, 210

co-production and, 210, 213–214

Trump, rhetoric of compared, 211

viral marketing, 209

Markle, Megan, 256, 262

Marlowe, Christopher, 18

Martinez, Domingo, 280

Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, 278–279

Mask. See Faces

Mass production

crafts versus, 50–53

hand–thing immediacy, loss of, 51–52

law-making and, 77–79

Mast, James L., 159

material differences, 84–85

Matsumoto, David, 118–119

Maturana, Humberto, 79

May, Theresa, 188, 195–196

McCloskey, Deirdre, 259

McConachie, Bruce, 164

McGregor, Neil, 53

McGurk Effect, 181–182

McKellen, Ian, 142

McLuhan, Marshall, 228

McNally, Justine, 96

McNeil, Donald, Jr., 270–271

McTague, Tom, 190

meaning-making, 210–211

media. See also Social media

co-production in, 212

fake news, responsibility for, 232–235 (See also Fake news)

innocent error in, 236

manufactured nature of news, 230, 250

rhetoric in, 10–11

‘show’, news as, 217

‘Meet the Press’ (television program), 239

The Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare), 245

Mercury, Freddie, 92

Meredith, George, 171

Merriam–Webster Dictionary, 64

metaphor

architecture metaphor, 197–198

Aristotle on, 41–42

baby metaphor, 26

bed metaphor, 43–46

brick metaphor, 198–200

building metaphor (See Building metaphor)

cathedral metaphor, 201–204

Holy Trinity metaphor, 33–34

production and, 41–42

river metaphor (See River metaphor)

‘ship of state’ metaphor, 63

tailoring metaphor, 87

watchmaker metaphor, 38

weaving metaphor, 43

#MeToo movement, 16, 214, 258, 260

Michelangelo, 39

‘microexpressions’, 118

Miliband, Ed, 180–181

Mill, John Stuart, 227

Milton, John, 277

Mime, 154

Mimics, 124–125

‘Mince pie’ video (Boris Johnson), 172–173, 180

Minchin, Tim, 272

Miranda, Lin-Manuel, 17

mirror neurons, 167

mirror response

generally, 166

active performance, heightened response generated by, 169

art, effect of, 167–168

confectionary performance and, 170–171

empathy and, 168–169

face-to-face interaction, heightened response generated by, 169

fRMI and, 166–167

language, effect of, 168

mirror neurons and, 167

verbal stimuli, effect of, 168

videos, reduced response generated by, 169

virtual reality, reduced response generated by, 169

misinformation, 230–231, 235–236

mob dynamics

generally, 225

fake news and, 228

fluvial metaphor, 225–226, 228

January 6 insurrection and, 226

‘Make America Great Again’ and, 226

mobile vulgus, 225–226, 259

psychology of, 226–227

repetition, role of, 228–229

modalities of making, 24. See also Artefaction; Participation; Perforcement

Modi, Narendra, 159

Mohr, Richard, 181

Molière, 19

monarchy

creation and, 222

etymologies of making and, 222

invention and, 222

political neutrality of, 242

production and, 222

public opinion regarding, 242

sovereign will of people and, 221–222

symbolic power of, 224–225

money

as abstract thing, 57–58

artefaction and, 57–58

cryptocurrency, 57

usury, 57–58

de Montaigne, Michel, 122

Moore, Suzanne, 267

Moran, Richard, 42

Morgan Motor Company, 78–79

Morris & Co., 50

Morrison, James C., 109, 190

Morrison, Scott, 171

Mosul Museum, 277

Mourinho, Jose, 234

Mr. Bean (television character), 273

Murray, Gilbert, 281–282

Murray, Laura, 269–270

Musée Louvre, 199

music

building metaphor and, 194–195

‘cancel culture’ and, 278

invention, role of, 39

reader-response theory and, 215

Mussawir, Edward, 95–96, 98–99

Nadler, Anthony M., 212

Nail, Jim, 209

name change, 103

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 134, 265–266

National Association of Black Journalists, 270

National Front, 187

National Health Service (NHS), 172–173

nature

biological, 106

faces and, 120–122

no virtue in, 106

Naturist Action Group (NAG), 94

Nazism, 275–276

Neuberger, David (Lord), 117

‘New Labour’, 160–161, 241

Newman, Omarosa Manigault, 143

News

fake news (See Fake news)

manufactured nature of, 230, 250

seed analogy, 232, 236, 242–244, 250–251

as ‘show’, 217

Newton, Esther, 131–132

The New York Times, 271

New Zealand

First Nations, 224

Te Awa Tupua (Whanganui River Claims Settlement) Act 2017, 224

Whanganui River, legal personhood of, 224

Nicholson, Jack, 88

Nicoll, Allardyce, 160

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 71

no-platforming, 253–254

Notre Dame de Paris, 202–203

Nuremberg Tribunal, 256

‘N word’, 270–273

Obama, Barack

fake news and, 240–241

on free speech, 277–278

German–Americans, support among, 186

hand gestures of, 151, 154

inauguration of, 238

on touch/touching, 8

Obama, Michelle, 149

objects

manufactured, psychological effect of, 46–48

slaves as, 18

things distinguished, 27–28, 211

words, psychological effect of, 169

O’Brien, Tim, 144–145

‘Of a Painted Lady’ (Harrington), 121

Oldman, Gary, 125

Old Testament, 58

Olfactory, faculty of making as, 179–181

Olivier, Laurence, 11

Olmsted, Wendy, 123–124

O’Neill, Eugene, 164

Oriel College, 280–281

Ortony, Andrew, 192

Oxford-Astra Zeneca (ChAdOx1) vaccine, 243–244

Oxford English Dictionary, 64, 236

Pageant, 205

Paley, William, 38

Pantomime, 157–159

Pareidolia, 114

parliament

artefaction, exemplified by, 27–28

Icelandic Althing (Alþingi) as example of, 27–28

Parry, Edward, 75

Parsley, Connal, 95–96, 98–99

participation

artefaction compared, 28

audience and, 40–42

compelled participation, 18

defined, 28

law-making, public participation in, 219–225

logos and, 29

perforcement compared, 28

production, interaction with, 41–42

partnership as motivation

generally, 17–18

compelled participation, 18

‘passe noir’, 133–134

Passmann, Sophie, 273

passports

contents of, 103

gender-neutral, 104–105

Patten, Chris (Lord), 281–282

Peacham, Henry, 125–126

Pearson, Noel, 3–4

Pence, Mike, 160

Pepys, Samuel, 158

perforcement

artefaction compared, 27

defined, 24

logos and, 29

participation compared, 28

rhetoric and, 24–25

theatre and, 24

performance

active performance, heightened response generated by, 169

actors (See Actors)

art (See Art)

comedy (See Comedy)

confectionary performance (See Confectionary performance)

Declaration of Independence as rhetorical performance, 20–21, 237–238

drag performance and gender, 131–132

face as site of, 115–116

manual performance, 149

music (See Music)

performative utterances, 14

persuasive performance, 164–165

rhetoric, relation to theatrical performance, 20–21, 237–238

social media as site of, 132

theatrical performance (See Theatre)

‘touchy–feely’, 8

performative utterances, 14

Perry, Rick, 139

persona

faces and, 115

rhetoric and, 122

social media and, 131

split personality and, 127–129

personification, 123

Petrarch, 72

Philip (Prince), 224–225

Phillips, Nick (Lord), 117

Phillips, Todd, 135

Phronesis, 80–82, 90

Phryne (Greek courtesan), 65–66

Physical senses, 18–19

Pilgrims, 183

Pinker, Steven, 259

‘Pinocchio Effect’, 48–49

Pistol pose, 153–154

Pitts, Antony, 39, 215

Plato

generally, 3

cave allegory, 109

on ethics, 166

on hands/handwork, 5

on maintenance/maintaining, 4

on rhetoric, 244

‘ship of state’ metaphor, 63

on tragedy, 282–283

pleasure as motivation

generally, 17–18

change and, 19

physical senses and, 18–19

touch/touching, relation to, 19–20

poetics, prosopopoeia and, 123–124

Poiēsis, 79–80

political advertising, 241–242

politicians. See also specific individual

actors as, 140

building metaphor, female politicians and, 188

fake news, politician responsibility for, 237–240, 242–244

public opinion regarding, 139, 241

politics

building metaphor in US politics, 187

hands/handwork in, 6–7

rhetoric in, 10–11

touch/touching in, 8–9

Polus (Roman actor), 245

Pope, Alexander, 257–258, 261, 266, 269, 276

populism

Bill Clinton and, 161

Blair and, 160–161

Boris Johnson and, 162

Brexit, populist attacks on judicial decision regarding, 89–90

January 6 insurrection and, 161–162

law-making, populist attacks on, 89–90

Macron and, 161–162

Trump and (See Trump, Donald)

‘Post-truth’, 64–65

Pottage, Alain, 95

Pound, Roscoe, 30–31, 82, 196, 199

pragmatic philosophy, 108–109

Pratt, Mary Louise, 216

‘Prejudice’ (Tim Michin song), 272

Price, Vincent, 247

Private Members’ Bill (proposed) (UK), 105

Procter & Gamble, 213–214

production

agriculture/horticulture analogue, 31–32, 39

authorship defined by, 85–86

‘cancel culture’ and, 252

co-production (See Co-production)

crafts and, 83–84

defined, 30, 39–40

distinction from other etymologies of making, 30–31

fake news and, 232–233

gender and, 103

ideal candidates and, 211–212

law-making and, 39, 70, 75–77, 85–86, 209

mass production (See Mass production)

metaphor and, 41–42

monarchy and, 222

participation, interaction with, 41–42

public element of, 39–40

rhetoric and, 83

on social media, 129–131

social media analogue, 31–32

theatre and, 30, 40–41

transgender personhood and, 92–93

Web 2.0 analogue, 31–32

productive tension, 55

Pronunciatio (rhetoric), 83

prosopagnosia, 113–114

prosopopoeia

framing and, 126

impersonation, 122–123

impersonators and, 124–125

mimics and, 124–125

personification, 123

poetics and, 123–124

rhetoric and, 122–123

risks of, 125–126

sound and, 124

psychology

ethics, relation to, 166

face masking, psychological effect of, 111

faces, psychology of making, 112–115

mirror response (See Mirror response)

of mob dynamics, 226–227

persuasive performance and, 164–165

rhetoric and, 182

social construction, relation to, 166

public opinion

law-making and, 89, 222–224

legislation and, 222–224

monarchy, regarding, 242

politicians, regarding, 139, 241

public relations, 240

‘Punch and Judy’ (puppet shows), 158

Puritans, 121, 277

purpose as motivation, 17

Putin, Vladimir

fake news and, 243

invasion of Ukraine and, 105, 192, 243

Quine, Willard Van Orman, 109

Quintillian, 12–13, 123, 155, 166, 192–193, 215

racism

‘cancel culture’ and, 254–257, 262–265

‘coloured’, use of term, 265–266

defined, 265

Rampton, Sheldon, 240

The Rape of Prosperina (Bernini), 167

reader-response theory, 215–218

Reagan, Ronald

as actor, 140

‘Let’s Make America Great Again’ (slogan), 183–184

Trump contrasted, 204–205

reality as manufactured, 109

reality television, 142

Rebuilding America Now (PAC), 184–185

Rebus sic stantibus, 200

receiver responsibility, 235–237, 248, 251

‘The Reeds of Runnymede’ (Kipling), 220

Reform Act 1832 (UK), 223–224

Reid, Jen, 277

Rein, Thérèse, 191

Reiner, Rob, 88

rhetoric

actio, 12–13

actors and, 12–14

artefaction and, 26

Biden and, 9–10

building metaphor and, 192–194

constitutive rhetoric, 24

as craft, 83

Declaration of Independence as rhetorical performance, 20–21, 237–238

delivery and, 12–13

ethics, relation to, 166

facts as manufactured, 9

Founding Fathers and, 14–17

hands/handwork, relation to, 4–5

hard ‘K’ sound, impact of, 20

invitational rhetoric, 24–25

January 6 insurrection, role in, 15

in law, 10–11, 13–14

linguistic construction and, 192–193

‘Make America Great Again’, rhetorical power of, 187, 204

material differences and, 84–85

in media, 10–11

MLK and, 16–17

perforcement and, 24–25

persona and, 122

persuasive performance and, 164–165

political disparagement of, 231

in politics, 10–11

production and, 83

pronunciatio, 83

prosopopoeia and, 122–123

psychology and, 182

social construction, relation to, 166

statecraft and, 11, 194, 282

theatrical performance, relation to, 11–12, 281–282

Trump and, 15, 211

truth, relation to, 282

Rhodes, Cecil, 280–282

Rhodes Trust, 281

Richard II (Shakespeare), 119, 123

Riley, Rachel, 269–270

river metaphor

law-making, 220

mob dynamics, 225–226, 228

Rizzolatti, Giacomo, 167

Robinson, Ollie, 263, 267

Robinson, Tony, 277

Rohman, Katie, 178

The Rolling Stones, 174–175

Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare), 55

Roscius (Roman actor), 13

Rosetta Stone, 199

Rowling, J.K., 259, 267

Royal Mail, 7

Rudd, Kevin, 190–191

Rush, Geoffrey, 260, 267

Rushdie, Salman, 259

Ruskin, John, 203

Russell, Bertrand, 259–260

Russia

Russian Revolution, 205

Ukraine, invasion of, 243, 278

Rutenberg, Jim, 156

Sacco, Justine, 266–267

Salisbury Cathedral, 202

Salvatore, Joe, 157

Sandel, Michael, 8–9

Sanders, Sarah Huckabee, 237

Saunders, Rob, 214

Sayers, Dorothy L., 26, 33–34, 40, 82, 84–85, 202, 224

Scaramucci, Anthony

commedia dell’arte and, 143–144

Trump and, 143–144

Scarry, Elaine, 4, 11, 44–45, 107

Schaeffer, John D., 70–71

Scharffs, Brett G., 58, 80–81, 84

Schechner, Richard, 77, 127, 132, 139, 142–143, 201–203

Schofield, Hugh, 243–244

Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 140

science

cosmetics metaphor, 122

Darwinian evolution (See Darwinian evolution)

discovery, making distinguished, 37

legal truth versus scientific truth, 99

scientific facts, 63

transgender personhood, biological truth and, 106

Sclafani, Jennifer, 147, 152

Scott, Walter, 198

Scott, Walter Dill, 212

The Seagull (Chekhov), 31

Selden, John, 222

Seneca the Elder, 123–124

Sennett, Richard, 7, 82–83

sensationalism, 235

Shakespeare, William. See also specific work

generally, 80

‘actor’, use of term, 12

early modern theatre and, 14

on ‘fabric’, 205

on faces, 111

on hypocrisy, 268

interpretation of, 218

mirror response and, 168

on mob dynamics, 225–226, 228

on nature and art, 73, 121–122

personification and, 123

politics and, 195

psychology and, 164–165

rhetoric and, 166

on “shows of truth,” 246

translation and, 218

Sharpe, Alex, 93, 96

ships

gender and, 97–98

transgender personhood compared, 97–98

‘show’

faces and, 126–127

news as, 217

truth as, 71–73

Sidney, Philip, 121

Skep, 51

skills challenge television shows, 170–171

Slack, James, 90

Slapper, Gary, 223

slavery

African history and, 280

as compelled participation, 18

Jefferson and, 278–279

objects, slaves as, 18

Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (UK), 280

Small circlet gesture, 152–154

Smell, importance of, 179–181

Smiles, 118

Smith, Norman, 233

social contract, law-making and, 221

Social judgment theory, 165

social media. See also specific platform

‘cancel culture’ and, 254–255, 266–267, 269–270

etymologies of making and, 31–32

facial makeup tutorials on, 111–112

fake news on, 247–248

fictional personae, creation of, 131–132

no-platforming, 253–254

persona and, 131

production on, 129–131

theatrical performance and, 132

social truths, 240

Sopel, Jon, 142

South Africa

apartheid in, 264

Constitutional Court, 197

South Park (television program), 272–273

Speech acts, 14

Spicer, Sean, 214

‘Spin’, 241

split personality, 127–129

Stanislavski, Constantin, 11

Starkey, Thomas, 36

statecraft

generally, 237

rhetoric and, 11, 194, 282

in Shakespeare, 205

Trump and, 155

Stauber, John, 240

Stevens, Wallace, 46–47

Stinson, Bex, 101

Stockbauer, Jacob, 84

Stoics, 28–29

Stoker, Bram, 132

Stone, Roger, 145

‘Stop the Steal’, 145

Styan, John L., 140

The Sun, 234–235, 240

Sunak, Rishi, 177

Superficiality in ‘cancel culture’, 257, 261–266

Supreme Court of the United kingdom, 160

Swarns, Rachel, 270

tabloids, 234–235

Taiwan, building metaphor in, 191–192

‘Take Back Control’ (Brexit slogan), 19–20

taste, importance of, 181–182

Taussig, Michael, 10

Tayler, James, 100

Taylor, Laurie, 235

Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich, 278

‘tea break’ video (Boris Johnson)

generally, 172–173

Brexit segment, 176

dog walking segment, 173–174

election segment, 175

favourite band segment, 174–175

Jeremy Corbyn segment, 176

smell, importance of, 180

steak and chips segment, 174

Technê, 25–26, 81–82, 90

technology

crafts, negative impact on, 50–53

hand–thing immediacy, loss of, 51–52

television. See also specific program

Boris Johnson, television appearances of, 172

cooking shows, 170–171, 180

gardening shows, 6, 149, 180

reality television, 142

skills challenge television shows, 170–171

Trump, television career of, 140–141, 170

The Tempest (Shakespeare), 11–12, 14, 205

Ten Commandments, 58

Teubner, Günther, 79

textile industry. See Weaving

Thatcher, Margaret, 125

theatre

artefaction and, 26, 48

as craft, 82

faces, relation to theatrical performance, 115–116

perforcement and, 24

production and, 30, 40–41

rhetoric, relation to theatrical performance, 11–12, 281–282

social media, theatrical performance and, 132

weaving metaphor, 55–56

thing-making, 210–211

things distinguished from objects, 27–28, 211

thinking

crafts and, 82–83

making, relation to, 82–83

Thomas Jefferson Foundation (TJF), 278–279

Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society, 279

Thomas Jefferson Memorial, 278

Thompson, Mark, 231

TikTok, 20

The Times, 234

‘time’s arrow’, 35–36

Timon of Athens (Shakespeare), 73

Tinubu, 280

Todd, Chuck, 239

Todd, Selina, 267

Tolkien, J.R.R., 28

tool-making, language and, 53

Top Gear (television program), 172

touch/touching

generally, 7–8

feel/feeling, relation to, 8

pleasure, relation to, 19–20

in politics, 8–9

‘Touchy–feely’, 8

de Tourtoulon, Pierre, 108

tragicomedy, 276

transgender personhood in law

artificial versus natural personhood, 99

biological truth and, 106

‘cancel culture’ and, 267

co-creation and, 93–95

confirmatory nature of, 92–93

co-production and, 93–95

corporations compared, 97

creation and, 92–93, 110

fictional nature of personhood and, 98–99

gendering of ships compared, 97–98

invention and, 92

‘is’ versus ‘ought’, 94

legal engendering, 95–96

‘legal fictions’ and, 106–108

as manufactured, 93

marriage and, 94

name change and, 103

name compared, 103–104

polarising nature of, 93–94

positive versus normative status of, 94

production and, 92–93

sex change and, 101–102

transformative nature of, 92

translation

as co-production, 218–219

law-making as, 218–219

legislation as, 218

trials

absolute truth versus probable account, 66–67

coinage metaphor, 71–72

falsehood distinguished from fabrication, 69–70

judge-made truth, 70–71

juries, 67–68

‘make-believe’ in, 68

manufacturing of facts in, 67–69

oaths in, 66

probability of truth in, 66–67

as ‘truth factories’, 64–70

Trinity Orchestra, 278

Trollope, Anthony, 203

Trudeau, Justin, 161–162

The Truman Show (film), 141

Trump, Donald

as ‘Acting President’, 141–142

‘Alpha Face’, 119–120

‘Angry Face’, 119–120

attacks on Hillary Clinton by, 184

‘Big Smile’, 119

‘Build a Wall’, 148, 184, 209

as ‘builder’, 185–186

‘Chin-jut’, 119–120

clothing of, 150

comic representations of opponents by, 157–158

commedia dell’arte and, 159–160

co-production and, 209, 211

COVID-19 pandemic and, 159

in debates, 145, 155–157

dynamic nature of hand gestures, 149

election fraud claims by, 144–145

enemies, making of, 184

‘Exaggerated Mouth’, 120

expansive nature of hand gestures, 149–150

facial expressions of, 119–120

fake news and, 214, 230–231, 237, 240–241

German–Americans, support among, 184–187

hand gestures of, 147–154

high-brow and low-brow speech, use of mixture of, 145–147

on immigration, 160, 184

impeachment of, 49

inauguration crowd size, fake news regarding, 238–239

January 6 insurrection and, 205, 226, 229

large circle gesture, 152, 154

Macron compared, 161–162

‘Make America Great Again’ (See ‘Make America Great Again’ (Trump slogan))

making and, 148–149

marketing compared with rhetoric of, 211

mimicking of opponents by, 155

no-platforming of, 253

pantomime by, 157–159

performative powers of, 140–143

pistol pose, 153–154

‘post-truth’ and, 64–65

‘Puckered Chin’, 120

Reagan contrasted, 204–205

rhetoric and, 15, 211

scripted versus off-the-cuff behavior, 144–145

small circlet gesture, 152–154

split personality and, 127–128, 130

statecraft and, 155

‘Stop the Steal’, 145

television career of, 140–141, 170

‘two-tongued’ manner of speaking, 145–147

‘Zipped Smile’, 119–120

The Trump Show (documentary), 141–144

Truth

absolute truth, 108–110

art and, 71–73

‘a’ truth versus ‘the’ truth, 108–110

creation and, 109

‘handling’ of, 87–88

invention and, 36–37

judge-made truth, 70–71

legal truth versus scientific truth, 99

making versus discovering, 21–22

manipulation of, 87–88

as manufactured, 10

‘post-truth’, 64–65

probable account versus absolute truth, 66–67

rhetoric, relation to, 282

as ‘show’, 71–73

social truths, 240

trials, probability of truth in, 66–67

‘truthiness’, 64

‘Truth factories’, trials as, 64–70

‘Truthiness’, 64

Turnbull, David, 202

Twelfth Night (Shakespeare), 165

Twitter

Boris Johnson and, 177

‘cancel culture’ and, 254–255, 266–267, 269–270

no-platforming and, 253

persona and, 131

Procter & Gamble and, 213–214

‘tyranny of the majority’, 227

UCD Symphony Orchestra, 278

Ukraine War, 243, 278

‘Un-making’, 35–36

Urban Dictionary, 259

Urlaub, Per, 186–187

Usury, 57–58

Vannini, Phillip, 179–180

Varela, Francisco, 79

Vasaly, Ann, 282

Vico, Giambattista, 70–71, 108–110, 179, 181

videos, reduced mirror response generated by, 169

viral marketing, 209

virtual reality, reduced mirror response generated by, 169

von Hippel, Eric, 210

Waititi, Taika, 275–276

War as subject of comedy, 275

Ward, Mike, 274–275

The War of the Worlds (Wells) (radio broadcast), 249–250

Washington, DC, 188

Washington, George

generally, 15

on factions, 14–15

Farewell Address, 3, 14–17

as freemason, 188

on maintenance/maintaining, 3

retirement of, 16

rhetoric and, 14–16

speaking style of, 145

Washington Monument, 188

Waskul, Dennis D., 179–180

Watkins, Calvert, 221

Watson, William, 225

weaving

artefaction, weaving metaphor, 43

basket weaving, 50–52

child development, importance of process in, 54–55

law-making, weaving metaphor, 53–54

making, weaving metaphor, 54

as material process, 53–56

theatre, weaving metaphor, 55–56

Web 2.0, etymologies of making and, 31–32

Webster, John, 13

Wellcome Collection, 7

Welles, Orson, 144–145, 249–250

Wells, H.G., 249

West, William, 78

Wetlaufer, Gerald B., 11

White, James Boyd, 24–25, 36, 43, 71, 80, 82, 84, 193, 198–199, 219

Whitehall, Jack, 273

Who Do You Think You Are (television program), 172

Wickstrom, Maurya, 10

Wigmore, John Henry, 49

Wigney, Michael, 260

Wikipedia, 272

Willard, Dallas, 38

Wilson, Harold, 125

Wilson, Thomas, 83, 124, 126, 140, 163–164, 166, 244–245

Winchester Cathedral, 204

Winter Palace (St. Petersburg), 205

The Winter’s Tale (Shakespeare), 45, 73, 121–122

Woman’s Place UK, 267

Woods, Penelope, 115–116

Woodward, John, 37

Yemitan, Oladipo, 273–280

YouGov, 139, 241–242

YouTube, 52, 172, 177

Yuya (social media beauty creator), 111

Zelensky, Volodymyr, 140

Zhang Dali, 191

Zoella (social media beauty creator), 111

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