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Genetic variation in leaf photosynthesis and associated traits in elite and landrace-derived genotypes in wheat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 October 2024

Shadia H. S. Kareem ,
Jayalath De Silva ,
Minuka Weerasinghe ,
Malcolm J. Hawkesford ,
Simon Griffiths ,
Phil Howell Open the ORCID record for Phil Howell [Opens in a new window]  and
M. John Foulkes Open the ORCID record for M. John Foulkes [Opens in a new window]
Shadia H. S. Kareem
Affiliation:
Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK Department of Biotechnology and Crop Science, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
Jayalath De Silva
Affiliation:
Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
Minuka Weerasinghe
Affiliation:
Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
Malcolm J. Hawkesford
Affiliation:
Department Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
Simon Griffiths
Affiliation:
Department Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
Phil Howell
Affiliation:
Department Crop Genetic Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB), Cambridge, UK
M. John Foulkes*
Affiliation:
Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
*
Corresponding author: M. John Foulkes; Email: John.Foulkes@nottingham.ac.uk
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Abstract

There is an increasing emphasis worldwide on breeding wheat cultivars with higher biomass and grain yield, whilst reducing excessive input of N fertilizers. Modern plant breeding has narrowed the genetic base of bread wheat, so exploring new sources of genetic variation for leaf photosynthesis traits and biomass to underpin grain yield improvement has become necessary. Our objectives were to quantify the genetic variability in a range of landrace-derived lines and elite bread wheat genotypes in flag-leaf photosynthesis traits, biomass and N-use efficiency for potential application in pre-breeding. Sixteen bread wheat genotypes including elite spring wheat cultivar Paragon × landrace crosses were tested in two field experiments in the UK. Averaging across years, pre-anthesis flag-leaf photosynthesis rate ranged amongst genotypes from 26.0 to 31.5 μmol/m2/s (P < 0.001) and post-anthesis from 14.2 to 18.6 μmol/m2/s (P < 0.001). Two landrace-derived lines had greater post-anthesis flag-leaf photosynthesis rate (P < 0.001) than their elite parent Paragon. There was a trend for a positive correlation among genotypes between post-anthesis flag-leaf photosynthesis rate and biomass (r = 0.47, P = 0.06). Two landrace derivatives showed higher post-anthesis flag-leaf stomatal conductance than Paragon. Our results indicated that introgression of traits from wider germplasm into elite UK modern wheat germplasm offers scope to raise flag-leaf photosynthetic rate and biomass.

Keywords

biomassleaf assimilation rateN-use efficiencypre-breedingstomatal conductance
Type
Crops and Soils Research Paper
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 162 , Issue 6 , December 2024 , pp. 573 - 583
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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