Glaciological Literature

This is a selected list of glaciological literature on the scientific study of snow and ice and of their effects on the Earth; Tor the literature on polar expeditions, and also on the "applied" aspects of glaciology, such as snow ploughs, readers should consult the bibliographies in each issue of Recent Polar Literature (supplement to the Polar Record). For Russian material the system of transliteration used is that agreed by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names and the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use in 1947, Readers can greatly assist by sending reprints of their publications to the Society, or by informing Dr J. W. Glen of publications of glaciological interest. It should be noted that the Society does not necessarily hold copies of the items in this list, and also that the Society does not possess facilities for microfilming or photocopying.

Conferences

ASEYEV, A. A., and others, ed. International geography ‘76. XXIII International Geographical Congress, Moscow, 1976 Section 12. Additional volume. Editors A. A. Aseyev [and 7 others], Moscow, [Vneshtorgizdat], 1976. 340 p. [Contains material omitted from other sections for various reasons, including: B. E. Holmgren, "Turbidity of the Arctic atmosphere in relation 10 open leads in the pack ice", p. 77-80; V. S. Nazarov, "The ice cover of the ocean—the indicator of the Earth climate", p. 83-84.]

ASEYEV, A. A., and others, éd. International geography '76. XXIII International Geographical Congress, Moscow, 1976- Section 1. Geomorphology and paleogeography. Editors A. A. Aseyev, A. A. Velichko, I. I. Spasskaya. Moscow, [Vneshtorgizdat], 1976. 409 p. [Includes papers on Pleistocene and Holocene glaciation, mainly of the U.S.S.R., and on periglacial conditions during these periods.]

LVOVICH, M. I., and others, ed. International geography '76. XXIII International Geographical Congress, Moscow, 1976. Section s. Climatology, hydrology, glaciology. Editors M. I. Lvovich, V. M. Kotlyakov, Vu. L. Ramier. Moscow, [Vneshtorgizdat], 1976. 385 p. [Contents include: E, Michna and S. Paczos, "Climatological criteria for evaluation of snow conditions required for recreation and winter sports by example of south-east Poland", p. 72-75; D. S. Munro and J. A. Davies, "Diurnal energy flux variations and glacier surface hydrology", p. 75-77; A. Ohmura and F. Muller, "Heat balance measurement of Arctic tundra (Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago)", p. 80-84;. J- A. Shear, "The coreless winter of high latitudes", p. 97—100; S. Ya. Sergin and O. P. Chizhov, "Modeling of global changes of climate and glaciation in Pleistocene", p. 128-32; W. P. Adams, "Calculation of mean lake ice densities", p. 171-76; Z. Churski, "Caractéristique et évolution du réseau fluvial de l'avant-pays du Skeidararjôkull en Islande", p. 176-78; M. K. Koo, "Hydrology of a small basin in the Canadian high Arctic", p. 204-07; R. Braithwaite and F. Muller, "On the simulation of glacier melt using temperature data from remote weather stations", p. 274-76; S. B. McCann, "Margin of the Ellesmere ice cap, N.W.T., Canada", p. 277-79; V. S. Revyakin and N, V. Revyakina, "Some peculiarities of glaciation regression of intercontinental mountain area", p. 279—83; M. V. Tronov, "On some glacioclimalology problems of intracontinental highlands (with reference to Altai)", p. 283 87; G. N. Golubev, A. N, Krenke, G. K, Tushinskiy and R. Vivian. "General and specific features of regime of glaciers and their oscillations in the west Alps and in the Caucasus", p. 288-93; G· Gvirtzman, "Late Wurm temperature depression in the Middle East — 15°C: evidence from fossil snowlines on Mount Hrrmon and Jebcl Catharina, Sinai", p. 294-97; V- S. Koryakin, "Fluctuations of glaciers within the Eurasian part of the Arctic", p. 298-301 ; A. N. Krenke and V. Sehytt, "Fluctuation of glaciers over a historical period", p. 301-04; K. G. Makarevich and V. F. Suslov, "Contemporary and historical fluctuations of the glaciers in Soviet and foreign parts of Central Asia", p. 304—07; A. V. Shnitnikov, "Volume evolution of some mountain glaciers during Holocene", p. 308-11; V. F. Gracovich, "Establishment of glaciological data bank and creation of the atlas of world snow and ice resources", p. 328-29; L. A. Kanayev and Yu. D. Moskalev, "The experience of avalanche mapping and working out of the normative-reference glaciological handbooks", p. 329-31; V. I. Korsun and V. M. Kotlyakov, "Soviet cadasters and reference books on climatology, hydrology and glaciology", p. 334-38; V. M. Kotlyakov, G. N. Golubev, N. N. Dreyer and V. I. Kravtsova. "The world atlas of snow and ice resources", p. 339-42; O. N. Vinogradov, "The glacier inventory of the USSR and its scientific significance", p. 379-83.]

MARKOV, K. K., ed. International geography '76. XXIII International Geographical Congress, Moscow, 1976. Section y. Geography of the ocean. Moscow, [Vneshtorgizdat], 1976. 102 p. [Papers on world-wide aspects of oceanography. Includes M. L. Bryan, "The interpretation of 25 cm imaging radar data of Arctic sea ice", p. 13—14.]

I UNION GéODéSIQUE ET GéOPHYSIQUE INTERNATIONALE. ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DES SCIENCES HYDRO-LOGIQUES, COMMISSION DES NEIGES ET GLACES,] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces. Actes du colloque de Grenoble, août/septembre 1975- Dorking [printed]. International Association of Hydrologîcal Sciences, 1977, xvi, 419 p. (IAHS-AISH Publication No. 118,) [Available from W. W. Hastings, 1909 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20006, U.S.A. For details of papers, see elsewhere in this list]

General Glaciology

KOTLYAKOV, V. M. Gory, l’dy i gipotczy [Mountains, ice and hypothèses]. Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 1977. 168 p. [An account of glaciological expeditions, 1968-73, to the Pamir of Soviet Central Asia, discussing natural leatures and peoples.]

KHOUSF., H. R., and Others. Climatic and spatial dependence of the retention $$$ ?Γ D/H and ^l80/^I(,0 abundances in snow and ice of North America, [by] H. R. Krouse, R. Hislop, H. M. Brown, K. West and J. L. Smith. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes el impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 242-47· [In areas sampled (Sierra Nevadas, California, and Rocky Mountains, St. Elias Mountains, and Ellesmere Island, all in Canada), isotopic preservation lifetimes ranged from few hours to many years.]

MCKAY, G. A. Hydrological mapping. [In Rodda, J. C, ed. Facets of hydrology. London, etc., John Wiley and Sons, [''1976], p. 1-36. (Wiley-Interscience Publication.)) [Discusses maps of variables, including snow cover (p. 21-26) and ice on inland waters (p. 27—29).]

MAKTINEC, J. Snow and ice. (/» Rodda, J, G., id. Facets of hydrology. London, etc., John Wiley and Sons, [‘1976], p. 85-118. (Wiley-lnterscience Publication,)) [Ch, 4 in this book. Discusses role of snow and ice in hydro-logical cycle.]

OESCHGER, H. Summary of work by the Physics Institute, Bern, on Alpine and polar ice. $$$$[Li"'⁰¹¹ Géo-desique. . . . ]$$$$ Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 408 10. [Main emphasis on radioactive dating of firn and ice, and on history of cosmophysical and geophysical parameters recorded in ice.]

Glaciological Instruments And Methods

ADAMCYK, R. J., and others. Use of regression equations and hydrologie models for flood forecasting—a case study, [by] R. J. Adamcyk, J. P. Jolly and S. I. Solomon. Proceedings of the 33rd annual Eastern Snow Conference. 1976, p. 83-97. [Presents results of study in Newfoundland, Canada, to establish technique for forecasting 7-day inflow volumes to reservoir using available météorologie and hydrologie data during the snow melt-run-off period.]

ADAMS, W. P., and others. Improving the data base of snow science, by W. P. Adams, B. F. Findlay, B. E. Goodison. Proceedings of the 33rd annual Eastern Snow Conference, 1976 p. 23-40. [Discusses some current international practices for measurement and recording of snowfall and snow cover as example of importance of reassessing standard practices.]

BAKER, T. H. W, Transportation, preparation, and storage of frozen soil samples for laboratory testing. A[merican] S[ociety for] T[esling and] M[aieriuls]. Special Technical Publication 599, 1976", p. 88-112. [Reviews procedures used and difficulties encountered.]

BENGTSSON, L. Snowmelt estimated from energy budget studies. Nordic Hydrology, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1976, p. 3-18. [Discusses degree day method.]

BURT, T. P., and WILLIAMS, P. J. Hydraulic conductivity in frozen soils. Earth Surface Processes, Vol. 1, No. 4, 1976, p. 349-60. [Describes adaptation of conventional apparatus for use with frozen soils. Soils known to be susceptible to frost heave showed hydraulic conductivities well below o°G. Ice lenses reduced hydraulic conductivity.]

GHIZHOV, A. N., and others. Radiolokatsionnyy impul'snyy metod izmereniya tolshchiny ledyanogo pokrova [A radar pulse method for measuring the thickness of ice cover]. [By] A. N. Chizhov, V. G. Glushnev, B. D. Slutsker. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1977, No. 4, p. 91-96. [Ice cover of rivers, lakes and reservoirs. English summary, p. 96.]

COX, I.. M., and others. A device for evaluating the water vapor exchange between snow and air. [by] L. M. Cox, J. F. Zuzel and L. Perkins. Water Resources Research, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1976, p. 22. [Describes device which is most suitable for snow-packs that have density exceeding 35%.]

DOEONIN, Yu. P., and SYCHISV, V. I. Gidrodinamicheskiy metod rascheta sostoyaniya ledyanogo pokrova Severnogo Ledovitogo okeana [Hydrodynamic method of calculating ice cover conditions in the Arctic Ocean]. Problemy Arktiki t Antarktiki, VyP- 50, 1977, p. 57-62.

FARNSWOKTH, R. K. A mathematical model of soil surface layers for use in predicting significant changes in infiltration capacity during periods of freezing weather. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 37, No. 6, 1976, p. 3014-B. [Discusses thermal properties of soil and frost penetration. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan, 1976. University Microfilms order no. 7G-27481.]

FEOOSEYEVA, V. I., and others, Opredeleniye udef'noy poverkhnosti melkodispersiiogo I'da po adsorbtsii organi-cheskikh veshchestv iz rastvorov [Determination of the specific area of finely divided ice according to the adsorption of organic substances from solution]. [By] V. I. Fedoseyeva, Ye. A. Nechayev, O. A. Strel'tsova. Kolloidnyy £humal, Tom 39, Vyp. 5, 1977, p. 1009-11. [Study of adsorption of 34 organic substances on snow surfaces. Adsorption believed to proceed by donor-acceptor mechanism. English summary p. ion.]

FLOCK, W. L. Monitoring open water and sea ice in the Bering Strait by radar. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electronics, Vol. GE-15, No. 4, 1977, p. 196-202. [Demonstrates utility of land-based radar systems providing both moving-target-identification and short-time-constant video signals for monitoring sea surface areas containing open water and loose pack ice.J

GUDKOVICH, Z. M., and SMETANNIKOVA, A. V. Gidrodinamicheskiye metod y ledovykh prognozov i raschetov I Hydrodynamic methods of ice forecasting and calculations]. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 50, 1977? p. 27-31. [Experiences in Arctic waters.]

HANLEY, T. O'D., and MICHEL, B. Laboratory formation of border ice and frazil slush. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1977, p. 153-60. [Describes apparatus, method used, and variables taken into account, and presents results.]

JOHNSEN, S. J. Stable isotope homogcnizalion of polar firn and ice. [Union Géodésique. ... '] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 210 19. [Describes method that allows reestablishing apparently lost S('^eO) cycles in very deep ice. This may extend range of ice core dating by this method. Discussion, p. 219.]

JOHNSE.N, S. J. Stable isotope profiles compared with temperature profiles in firn with historical temperature records. [Union Geodisique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges el glaces.. . . /.07.5, 1977, p. 388-92. [Method described enables rlimatir information of S (^l8Oj-records m he understood, and allows climatic regime of ice cap stations in Greenland to be established.]

KAUHANNE, L. K. Mustavalko, viiri- ja vaàrâvari-ilmakuvien rakenuusgeologisesta tulkinnasta [Engineering-geological interpretation of black-and-white, colour and false-colour air photos]. Geological Suney of Finland. Report of Investigation, No. 12, 1976, 39 p. [Results from air surveys of terrain in southern Finland Tor application to drift mapping. English summary, p. 29-39.]

KIRILLOV, A. A., and others. Fiziko-statistirheskiye metody dolgosrochnykh ledovykh prognozov [Physical-statistical methods of long-range ice forecasts]. [ByJ A. A. Kirillov, Ye. G. Kovalev, V. A. Spichkin, Yu. V. Nikolayev, Problemy Arkliki i Antarkliki. Vyp. 50, 1977, p. 23-26.

KUDRYASIIOV, B. B., and others. Termoburovoy snaryad dlya polncheniya orientirovannogo ledyanogo kerna [A thermodrill for obtaining an oriented ice tore]. [ByJ B. B. Kudryashov, V. G. Vartykyati, V. K. Chistyakov. Informatsionnyy Dyidieten' Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii. No. 94, 1977, p. 60-62.

LAMUERT, G., and others. Accumulation of snow and radioactive debris in Antarctica: a possible refined radio-chronology beyond reference levels, [by] G. Lambert, B. Ardouin. J. Sanak, C. Lorius and M. Pourchet. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . .1975 ,1977; P.'40-58. [Accurately dated core from Terre Adélie may be considered as reference core for chronology ?f artificial radioactive deposition in large part of Antarctica. Discussion, p. 158.]

LOGAN, L. A. A computer-aided snowmelt model for augmenting winter streamflow simulation in a southern Ontario drainage basin. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1976, p. 531-54. [Lumped-parameter mathematical model is formulated to represent physical processes of accumulating and melting snow-pack within drainage basin.]

MCNAIR, D., and WOLFE, F.. jr. An acoustic emissions monitoring system for avalanche snowpaeks. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service. Research. Voie RM-340, 1977, 4 p. [Describes instrumentation which detects emissions in frequency range 0.5 Hz to 3 kHz.]

MAHTINEC, J., andalhers. Assessment of processes in the snowpack by parallel deuterium, tritium and oxygcn-18 sampling, [by] J. Martinec, H. Moser, M. R. de Quervain, W. Rauert and W. Stichler, [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. .. 1975, 1977, p. 220—31. [Simultaneous interpretation of T, D, and "? data provides refined information and, at same time, reveals false conclusions which would be reached with only a single isotope. Discussion, p. 230—31.]

MURZIN, A. I. Ekonomicheskaya effektivnost' ledovoy aviarazvedki v arkticheskom moreplavanii [Economic effectiveness of ice air reconnaissance for Arctic navigation]. Problemy Arkliki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 50, 1977, p. 119-20. [Methods of calculation discussed with reference to Northern Sea Route navigation.]

OESCHGER, H., and others. Extraction of gases and dissolved and particulate matter from ice in deep boreholes, [by] H. Oeschger, B. Stauffer. P. Bucher and H. H. Loosli. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, ?· 307-11[Describes technique.]

AVSKIY, YE. I. Sposoby priblizhennogo rascheta ekonomicheskogo effekta kratkosrochnykh ledovykh prognozov [On ways of making an approximate estimation of economic effectiveness of short-range ice forecasts]. Problemy Arkliki i Aritarktiki, Vyp. 50, 1977, p. 67-70.

PFXL, D. A. The search for organochlorine residues in Antarctic snow. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces... 1975, 1977, p. 108- 11. [ Describes improved method for examining DDT residues and polychlorobiphenyls in Antarctic snow. Results for near Halley Bay station: DDT 0.1 to 2.0 $$$ X io"^l2g/g snow, and PCBs$$$ 0.1 X 10^1; g/g snow.]$$$

PRANTI, F. A., and LOIJENS, H. S. Nuclear techniques for glaciological studies in Canada. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 237-41. [Demonstrates that tritium measurements of waters in large drainage basins may be used to estimate spring run-off from seasonal snow cover and summer melt of glacial ice.]

PRICE, A. G., and DUNNE, T. Energy balance computations of snowmelt in a subarctic area. Water Resources Research, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1976, p. 686-94. [Applies energy balance method to prediction of daily snow melt on plots in boreal forest and tundra of sub-Arctic Labrador.]

QUICK, M. O, and PIPES, A. A combined snowmelt and rainfall runoff model. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 3, 1976, p. 449-60. [Describes watershed and flow models, which are set of computer programmes for calculation of hydrologie behaviour of watershed and river systems. Describes actual application for stream flow forecasting and planning studies, ]

RANGO, A., and others. Seasonal streamflow estimation in the Himalayan region employing meteorological satellite snow cover observations, [by] A. Rango and V. V. Salomonson, J. L. Foster. Water Resources Research, Vol· 13, No. 2, 1977, p. 109-12. [This method of mapping snow-covered areas during early April over Indus and Kabul river basins, Pakistan, is very suitable for remote regions concerned with water resources management.]

ROSSTER, j. R., and GUTAJTE, K. A. Iceberg sounding by impulse radar. Nature, Vol. 271. No. 5640, 1978, p. 48-50. [Shows estimâtes of draft of irregularly-shaped icebergs can be obtained quickly and easily by using airborne shirt-pulse radar, referring to sounding of small iceberg in Twillingate Harbour. Newfoundland, in June 1977.]

SAGE, J. D. An operational model for hourly snowfall. Proceedings of the 33rd annual Eastern Snow Conference, 1976 p. 98-128. [Describes model which was developed for use in snow removal system.]

SCHNEIDER, S. R.. and others: River basin snow mapping at the National Environmental Satellite Service, [by] S. R. Schneider, D. R. Wiesnel, M. C. McMillan. .NOAA Technical Memorandum, NESS 83, 1976. iii. 19 p. [Outlines development of 16-year-old programme and describes present techniques.]

SEMTNER, A. T., jr. Λ model for the thermodynamic growth of sea ice in numerical investigations of climate. Journal of Physical Oceanography, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1976, p. 379-89. [Presents model whereby thickness and extent of sea ice may be predicted in climatic simulations.]

SHPE, S. D., and others. Multistage remote sensing of snowcover in the Adirondacks—a progress report, [by] S. D. Shupc. D. Meisner and A. R. Esehner. Proceedings of the 33rd annual Eastern Snow Conference. 1976, p. 145-52. [Heavily forested hilly region examined by means of satellites and photographs taken from aircraft. Results compared and discussed.]

SKOU, N., and S0NDERCAARD, F. Radioglaciology. A Go MHz ice sounder system. Lyngby, Technical University of Denmark, 1976. 124 leaves. (R, 169.) [Describes 10 kW radar system designed to operate in severe environmental conditions. Successfully used in Greenland and Antarctica, except for some areas where excessive surface scattering due to ice lenses and crevasses masks bedrock echo.]

VAN STEIJN, H. The development of a laboratory set-up to measure creep induced by freeze-thaw cycles. Earth Surface Processes, Vol. 2, Nos. 2-3, 1977, p. 247-50. [Describes apparatus and technique.]

VOYEVODIN, V. A., and others. Instrumental'nyye aerometody dlya opredeleniya szhatiya l'da [Instrumental air methods for the determination of ice compression]. [By] V. A. Voyevodin, V. V. Drabkin, V. S. Loshchilov. Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta, 1977, No. 6, Seriya Geologii i Geografii, Vyp. 1, p. 123—33. [Observations of sea ice by side-looking airborne radar, aircraft reconnaissance and satellites are compared. English summary, p. 132.]

WIESNET, D. R. Remote sensing and its application to hydrology. (In Rodda. J, C,ed. Facets of hydrology, London, etc., John Wiley and Sons, $$$[1976], p. 37-59. (Wiley-Interscience Publication.)) [Ch. 2 in this book. Discusses types of sensors, their platforms, variables (which include forms of snow and ice), and future trends.]

ZMIYFEVA, YE. S., and SUBBOTIN, A. I. O tochnosti izmcreniya zapasov vody v snezhnom pokrove standartnym plotnomerom [On the accuracy of measurements of water storage in snow cover with the aid of a standard densitometer]. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1977, No. 6, p. 114-17.

Physics of Ice

ADAMS, D, M.. and others. Spectroscopy at very high pressures. 14: Laser Raman scattering in ultrasmall samples in a diamond anvil cell, [by] D. M. Adams, S. K. Sharma and R. Appleby. Applied Optics, Vol. 16, No. g, 1977, p. 2572-75. [Problem of obtaining Raman spectra discussed, and successful results given for ice VI, VII, and VIII.]

ALEKSEYEV, B. F., and others. Dvukhprotonnyyc zapreshchennyyc perckhody atomarnogo deyteriya v nizko-temperaturnykh vodnokislotnykh 1'dakh [Two-proton forbidden transitions of atomic deuterium in low-temperature frozen aqueous solutions of acids]. [By] B. F, Alekseyev, Yu. V. Bogachev, S, G. Fedin. Fizika Tuerdogo Tela (Leningrad), Tom 19, Vyp. 6, 1977, p. 1831-34. [Mixture of$$$$ H₂0, D₂0, HjS0₄ (or HjP0₄),$$$ and hydroquinone irradiated at 77 K. $$$$H₃P0₄ stabilizes H and D in larger traps than H₂S0₄.$$$ Annealing also produces larger traps. Forbidden transitions more intense in H than D. English translation in Soviet Physics—Solid State, Vol. 19, No. 6, 1977, p. 1069—70.]

ASHWORTH, T. On the precision continuous method of calorinietry and its application to determination of surface energy. (In Buzâs, I., ed. Thermal analysis. [Proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Thermal Analysis held at Budapest, Hungary, July 8-13, 1974], London, New York, Rheine, Heyden, $$$[^1975], Vol. 3. p. 799-807.) [Discusses possibility of measuring surface energy in this way and gives some preliminary experimental results.]

BARER, S. S., and others. Tolshchina i vyazkost' tonkikh nezamerzayushchikh prosloyek mezhdu poverkhnostyami l'da i kvartsa [Thickness and viscosity of thin non-freezing interlayers between the surface of ice and quartz). [By] S- S. Barer, V. I. Kvlividze, A. B. Kurzayev, V. D. Sobolev, N. V. Churayev. Doklady Akademii Xauk SSSR, Tom 235, No. 3, 1977, p. 601-03. [Nuclear magnetic resonance used to determine thickness, and measurement of shear of ice in quartz capillaries used to deduce viscosity.]

BAHTLEY, D. L. Anisotropic crystal growth by nucleation of crystalline embryos at ice-vapor interfaces. (In Kerker, M., ed. Colloid and interface science. Vol. 2. Aerosols, emulsions, and surfactants. Proceedings of the International Conference on Colloids and Surfaces$$$—50th Colloid and Surface Science Symposium, held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on June 21-25, ^T97^-$$$$ New York, etc., Academic Press, Inc., 1976, p. 31—43.) [Theoretical study of nucleation of monolayer ice-like clusters on basal and prism surfaces of ice shows prism-face clusters to have lower critical energy thus explaining anisotropic crystal growth at high saturations.]

BELYSHKIN, D. V, Elcktrofizichcskoyc isslcdovaniye zamorozhennykhsistem napolnitel'—svyazka [Electrophysical study of filler-binder frozen systems]. yZavodskaya Laboratoriya, Tom 42, Vyp. 12, 1976, p. 1480-81. [A system in which the binder was deionized frozen water and the filler electrotechnical SiC formed a cryogenic varistor with a temperature variation of resistance that changed sign.]

BENTLEY, C. R. Impurities and seismic wave attenuation in the west Antarctic ice sheet. [Union Géodésiquc. -..] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. .. 1975, 1977, p. 13-16. [Measurements of attenuation near "Byrd" station interpreted in terms of internal friction of ice. Possible use to measure impurity concentration deep in ice sheets.]

BERTIE, J. E., and BATES, F. E. Mid-infrared spectra of dcuteratcd ices at 10'? and interpretation of the OD stretching bands of ices II and IX. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 67, No. 4, 1977, p. 1511-18$$$. [Absorption bands due to OD stretching and $$$ D₂0 rotational vibrations change little between 10 and 100 K in these ordered phases. Details of the spectra discussed.]

BERTIE, J. E,, and JACOBS, S. M. Far-infrared absorption by ices $$$ Ih and Ic at 4-3°K and the powder diffraction pattern of ice $$$Ic. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 67, No. 6, 1977, p. 2445-48. [Features agree with published Raman spectra. Differences between ice Ih and Ic observed and explained. "Extra lines" in Ic powder diffraction patterns may have been misattributed to Ih impurity.]

BUXTON, G. V., and others. Two types of localized excess electrons in crystalline D₂0 ice, [by] G. V. Buxton, H. A. Gitlis and N. V. Klassen. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 55, No. 12, 1977, p. 2385-95. [Pulse radiolysis study of $$$D^O reveals an infra-red absorption band which is attributed to trapped electrons. Effects of adding $$$NH₄F, HF, and ND, studied and nature of trap discussed.]

COUACH, M., and others. Studies of sublimation using a differential scanning calorinietry method, by M. Couach, E. Bonjour, D. Simalos. (In Buzâs, I., ed. Thermal analysis. [Proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Thermal Analysis held at Budapest, Hungary, July 8-13, 1974], London, New York, Rheine, Heydeti, $$$[^C1975], Vol. 3, p. 937-47.) [Method to determine heat of sublimation described and used to study kinetics of sublimation of ice in small capillaries.]

DUVAL, P. The role of the water content on the creep rate of polycrystalline ice. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés darts les neiges et glaces.. . , 1975, 1977; ?·29-33· [Creep-law constants determined for ice of varying water content. Effect of water on creep rate discussed in terms of controlling mechanisms for deformation.]

EDMONDS, D. T., and others. The nuclear quadrupole resonance of deuterium and oxygen-17 in iec 11, [by] D. T. Edmonds, S. D, Goren, A, L, Mackay, and A. A, White and W. F. Sherman. Journal of. Magnetic Resonance, Vol. 23, No. 3, 1976. p. 505-14. [Nuclear double resonance with spin mixing by level crossing used to deduce electric field gradient parameters and deductions concerning ice II structure.]

EDMONDS, D, T.. and others. Nuclear quadrupole resonance of deutcrium-2 and oxygen in ices V, VI, VIII, and IX. by D. T. Edmonds, S. D. Goren, A. A. White, W. F. Sherman. Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Vol. 27. No. 1, 1977, p. 35-44. [Measurement and correlation with different structures.]

FITZGERALD, W. J., arid others. Are the anomalous dielectric properties of polar ice due to impurities? [By] W. J. Fitzgerald, J. W. Gien and J. G. Pareil. [Union Géodésique. ... ] Symposium. Isotopes el impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975,1977, p. 3-8. [Dielectric behaviour of grated ice crystals is similar to that of natural snows 01' polar ice, not that of the original ice. This implies properties of polar ice are due to its history. Discussion, p. 6 8.]

FUKUDA, A., and others. Sosei-henkei o uheta hyô-tankesshô-chûno saikcsshô-ryû no seichô [Growth of the recrysiullized grain in plastically deformed ice single crystals]. [By] A. Fukuda, Y. Igarashi, K. Kitakizaki. Seppyi, Vol. 39. No. 3, 1977, p. 109-16. [Observation of recrystallization of ice crystal after three-point bending and interpretation of rate of growth of new grain in terms of grain-boundary mobility under stress. English summary, p. 116.]

GILPIN, R. R. The effect of cooling rate on the formation ofdendritic ice in a pipe with no main flow. Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 99, No. 3, 1977, p. 419-24. [Dendritic ice can form if still water supercools and can block pipe when a small fraction is frozen.]

GIRS, S. P., and others. Ob elektronnomikroskopicheskikh issledovaniyakh substruktury l'da [Electron-microscopic studies of the substructure of ice], [By] S. P. Girs, A. K. Zhebrovskiy, V. I. Stepin. Trudy Clavnoy Geofizi-cheskoy Obsenmtorii, Tom 372, 1976, p. 55-61. [Study of form and dielectric and thermal conductivity properties of ice crystals formed by sublimation.]

GLEN, J. W,. and others. Water at grain boundaries: its role in the purification of temperate glacier ice, [by] J. W. Glen, D. R. Homer and J. G. Pareil. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 263—71. [Discussion of location of water in temperate glacier ice and its role in moving impurities within and out of the ice during recrysiallization. Discussion, p. 368-71.]

GONDA, T. The growth of small ice crystals in gases of high and low pressures at —30 and — 44°C. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 55, No. 1, 1977, p, 143-46. [Forms and growth features of ice crystals grown in He and Ar studied and differences discussed.]

GOODMAN, D. J., and others. The effect ofimpurities on the creep of ice Ih and its illustration by the construction of deformation maps, [by] D. J, Goodman, H. J. Frost and M. F. Ashby. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 17-22. [Theoretical equation for strain-rate as a function of temperature and stress for creep controlled by dislocation glide, grain-boundary diffusion, and bulk diffusion used to construct deformation maps.]

GITOSS, G. W.j and others. Concentration dependent solute redistribution at the ice-water phase boundary. III. Spontaneous convection. Chloride solutions, [by] G. W. Gross, Pui Mun Wong and K. Humes. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 67, No. it, 1977, p. 5264-74. [Study of natural and forced convection and effect on distribution coefficient. Allowing for this, the distribution coefficient of chloride is virtually independent of concentration. Effect of this result on interpretation of dielectric experiments on doped ice.]

HAUS, J. W., and TANAKA, T, Model for the ice VII-ice VIII transition. Physical Reaiew B, Vol. 16, No. 5, 1977- P.2148-53. [Lattice model to describe the transition between the proton-disordered and the proton-ordered phase.]

HIOKMAN, K. Recoil phenomena on water evaporating rapidly. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1976. p. 585 90. [Comparative morphology of ice formed on surface of water with evaporativeiy supercooled surface layer shows differences below — 8°G due to craters produced by recoil.]

HUTCIIINSON, J. W. Creep and plasticity of hexagonal polyrrystals as related to single crystal slip. Metallurgical Transactions, A, Vol. $$8A, NO. 9, 1977, p. 1465-69. [Role of slip on various systems in determining polycrystalline behaviour. Implications for various materials, including ice, are discussed.]

JAKLI, G., and STASCHKWSKI, D. Vapour pressure of $$$ H₂ ^ieO ice ( — 50 to o"C) and H₂ ^!80 water (o to 170^,;C). $$$Journal of the Chemical Society. Faraday Transactions 1, Vol. 73, No. 10, 1977, p. 1505-09. [Vapour-pressure difference from Hi^lsO measured and isotope eifect on heat of sublimation deduced.]

JOHARI, G. P., and JONES, S. J, Effect of isotopic substitution on the electrical properties of ice. [Union Géodésique, . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes el impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 9-12. [Electrical properties of 98.75% deuterated ice measured from $$$ io^_;! to 5?10?7. and —196 to -f-i-'C.$$$ Discussion, p. 12.]

JONES, S. J., and .JOHARI, G. P. Effect of hydrostatic pressure on air bubbles in ice. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1973, 1977. p. 23-28. [Experiments on ice with air bubbles kept under high pressure. Initial rapid closure due to ice deformation is followed by slow closure during air diffusion into the lattice. Discussion, p. 26-28.]

KAWADA, S., and NIINUMA, T, Curie-Weiss behavior of the static dielectric constant of the Debye component in ice Ih. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 43. No. 2, 1977, p. 715-16. [Measurements over a wide range of temperature and frequency give reproducible results above — 150°C which follow Curie Weiss law with Θ — 46 K. Activation energy of dielectric relaxation time was 13.a kcal/mol at high temperatures and 5.4 kcal/mol at low temperatures.]

KIEFEU, J., and HALE, B. N. The water monômes on the basal plane of ice Ih: an effective pair, central force potential model of the static interaction. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 67, No. 7, 1977, p. 3206-13. [Calculation of optimal binding energy surfaces, vibrational frequencies, and bonding configurations, using model of 50 molecules in two layers of ice lattice with various proton arrangements.]

KING, V. T., and BARLETTA, R. E, Oxygen isotope fractionation in H_;0 and the structure of liquid water. juurnal of Chemical Physics. Vol. 67, No. 1, 1977, p. 180-87. [Difference between atomic force constants for oxygen in ice I and liquid water determined from published fractionation factors and result discussed.]

KNIGHT, C. A. Homogeneous nucleation of ice in water as a function of pressure: test of classical nucleation theory, {in Kerker, M., ed. Colloid and interface science. Vol. 2. Aerosols, emulsions, mid surfactants. Proceedings of the International Conference on Colloids and Surfaces—50th Colloid and Surface Science Symposium, held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on June 21-25, 1976 New York, etc., Academic Press, Inc., 1976, p. 23-29.) [Classical theory makes predictions in excellent agreement with experimental results of H. Kanno and others. Science, Vol. 189, No. 4206, 1975, p. 880-81. Consequences and further experimental tests which are needed.]

KOLOMEYEV, M. P, O vozmozhnosti polucheniya golograficheskikh izobrazheniy ledyanykh kristallov [On the possibility of obtaining holographic images of ice crystals]. Meleorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1977, No. 7, p. 111-13.

LARSON, H. P., and FINK, U. The application of Fourier transform spectroscopy to the remote identification of solids in the solar system. Applied Spectroscopy, Vol. 31, No. 5, 1977, p. 386-402. [This technique allows infra-red observations of the surfaces of small objects and hence compositional information. Detection of ice in Saturn's rings and on some satellites of Jupiter and Saturn confirms ice as an important component in the outer solar system.]

MOGENSEN, O. F... and ELDRUP, M. Positronium Blorh function, and trapping of positronium in vacancies, in ice. Rise Report (Riso National Laboratory, Roskikle. Denmark,} No. 366, 1977, 72 p. [Positronium annihilation techniques used to study behaviour of posilronium in $$$H₂0 and D₂0 ice. Results interpreted as trapping in vacancies, and hence give data on vacancy concentration in ice.]

MONTMORV, R., and ANDRIAMRELOMA, H. Sur les propiétés glaçogènes de l'iodure de plomb dans le domaine de températures compris entre — $$$io^QC et —25°C. $$$Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de VAcadémie des Sciences (Paris), Sér. B, Turn. 285, No. 3, 1977. p. 61-64. [Difficulty of nucleation on single-ion planes such as (0001) appears to be due to several different causes.]

OFFENEACHER, E. L. Hardness anisotropy of deuterium oxide single crystals. [Union Géodésique.. . .] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977 P· 44 49· [Knoop hardness measurements — 12 to — 1.5’c on basal and prismatic planes. Comments, p. 49.]

OLOWOFOYEKU, A. K. Effects of components in aqueous solutions on the purity of ice formed during freeze concentration by rotational unidirectional cooling. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 38, No. 5, 1977 P.2108-B 09-B. [Study of methods of concentrating solutions by removing ice; includes salt solutions, sea-water, sucrose solutions, and apple juice. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, University of Maryland, 1976. University Microfilms order no. 77-24143.]

PLUMMER, P. L, M., end others. Models for water and ice clusters on simple surfaces, by P. L. M. Plummcr, B. N. Hale. J, Kiefer, E. M. Stein. (In Kerker, M., ed. Colloid and interface science. Vol. 2. Aerosols, emulsions, and surfactants. Proceedings of the International Conference on Colloids and Surfaces$$$—50th Colloid and Surface Science Symposium, held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on June 21-25, 1976· New York, etc., Academic Press Inc., 1976, p. 45-62. ] [Interactions of FLO monomer with an ice surface analysed theoretically, and most stable ice clusters identified. Preliminary results for graphite and Agi surfaces also reported.]

RITZHAUPT, C., and DEVLIN, J, P. Infrared spectrum of$$ D₂0 vibrationally decoupled in glassy H₂0.$$ Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 67, No. 10, 1977, p. 4779-80. [Letter. Vibrational spectrum of vibrationally decoupled $$$ D_zO in glassy H₂0 obtained from infra-red measurements.]

SCHERER, J. R., and SNYDER, R. G. Raman intensities of single crystal ice h. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 67, No. 11, 1977, p. 4794-811. [Measurements for FLO, $$$D₂0, and HDO from —4 to — 15^DCand$$$ interpretation. Results suggest bonds parallel to e-axis are slightly more linear than those equatorial. Comparisons with liquid water and amorphous ice,]

TOBIN, T. M., and ITAGAKI, K. Mass transfer along ice surfaces observed by a groove relaxation technique. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977 P.34-37-[Groove decay on (0001) surlaces of $$$ ?₂? and D₂0 ice at — io°C$$$ determined and results imply viscous (low dominates at longest wavelengths, evaporation-condensation at the shortest, but discrepancies between theory and experiment suggest other mechanisms may be responsible. Discussion, p. 37.]

VASSOILLE, R., and others. Comportement anelastique de la glace$$ Λ dopée avec HF, [par] R. Vassoille, J. Perez, C. Maï et J. Tatibouёt. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol. 38, No. 11, 1977, p. 1297 1300. [At frequencies of about 1 FT/, it. is observed that the mechanical relaxation peak is at lower temperature, the high temperature internal friction is increased and is more amplitude dependent than in pure ice. This is attributed to Bjerrum defects.]

VASSOILLE, R., and others. Rôle des imperfections microstructurales sur les caractéristiques anélastiques de la glace $$Ji,, [par] R. Vassoille,.). Tatibouёt, C. Mai et.J. Perez. [Union Céodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes etimpuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977,p. 38-43- [Study of effects of plastic deformation and ageing on internal friction of ice single crystals and interpretation in terms of dislocation and mirrostrurture.]

YEN, YIN-CHAO. Further analysis of the heat transfer charartcristirs of a bubble-induced w^?ater jet impinging on an ice surface. Letters in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 2, No. 4, 1975. p. 347-57- [Relation expressed in terms of dimensionless parameters.]

ZHEKAMUKHOV, M. K. O raspcdelcnii rastvorrnnogo gaza v vodi; i puzyr'kov vo I'du pri dviV.hcnii ftonta kristalli-zatsii [Distribution of dissolved gas in water and bubbles ill ice during crystallization front movement]. Inzhenerno-lnticheskiy $$ζ?ηιηια?. Tom 31, No. 4, 10,7e, p. 032-37, [Theoretical study of gas bubble formation during freezing of water with dissolved air,]

Land Ice. Glaciers. Ice Shelves

AMBACH, W., and Others. Deuterium, tritium and gross ^-activity investigations on Alpine glaciers (Oelzlal Alps), [by] \V. Ambach [and 6 others], [Union Géodésique. . . , ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dons les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977. p. 285-88. [Published in greater detail in Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 17, No. 77, 1976, p. 383-400. Discussion, p. 288.]

ANGINO, E. E,, and others. Antarctica— a potential burial area for high-level radioactive wastes, [by] E. E. Angino, G. DrcschhofT. E. J. Zeller. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, No. 14, 1976, p. 173-78. [Reviews possibilities.]

BARKOV, X. I., and others. The isotope analysis of ice cores from V'ostok station (Antarctica), to the depth of 950 m. [by] N. I. Barkov, Ye. S. Korotkevich, F. G. Gordiyenko and V. M. Kotlyakov. [Union Géo-désique. . . . | Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975,1977, p. 382-87. [Presents results of oxygen isotope analysis of ice cores representing time span of 46 000 years. Discusses climatic implications. I

BAZHEV, A. B.. and GORDIYENKO, F. G. Variations of stable oxygen isotopes in temperate glaciers. [Union Géodésiquc. . . . | Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dons les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975. 1977* P· 415· [Abstract only. Reports studies on temperate glaciers in the. Soviet Union.]

BERNER, V., and others. Analysis and interpretation of gas content and composition in natural ice, [by] VV. Berner, P. Bûcher, H. Ocschgcr and B. Slaulfer. [Union Géodésiquc. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dtms les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 272-84. [Studies influence of ice formation and transformation on gas content and composition in temperate ice. Discussion, p. 282-84.]

BJORNSSON, H. Marginal and supraglarial lakes in Iceland. Jàkull, Ar 26, 1976 [pub. 1977], p. 40-51. [General description, with table showing features.]

BJORNSSON, H., and HALLGKI'MSSON, M. Maflingar ? Gnmsvotnum $$$ν?β Skrioarârhlaup 1972 og 1976. Jôkull, Ar 26, 1976 [pub. 1977], p. 91-92. [Measurements in Grimsvotn caldera in connection with jOkulhlaups into Skeiôarà river in 1972 and 1976.]

BOUTRON, C, and I.ORHJS, C. Trace element content in east Anlarctica snow samples, [Union Géodésiquc. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977. p. 164 71. [Reports analyses Tor Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Ke. and Al in various fini samples collected along 1 100 km track from Duinonl d'Urvillr station to near Wislok and also al Amundsen Scott and "Byrd" stations.]

BRIF.M, K. V. Huglriêlingar um Grimsvotn, Jôkull, Ai- 26”. 1976 [pub. 1977], p. 6g-68. [Account of Grimsvotn caldera and its cflccl on Valnajokull.]

BUDD, V. F. and MORGAN, V. I. Isotopes, climate and ice sheet dynamics from core studies on Law Dome, Antarctica. | Union Géodésique. ... ] Symposium. Isotopes el impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. .. 1975, 1977. p. 312-21. [Presents results from oxygen isotope studies carried out on surface samples and cores ranging in depth from 70 to 380 m at elevations from 180 to 1 390m. Compared with climatic record. Discussion. p. 320-21.]

CASIMIR, M. Le Pasterze. Le plus grand glacier des Hohe Tauern. Revue de Géographie Alpine, Tom. 64, Fasc. 2. 1976, p. 263-69. [Presents details of this Austrian glacier with emphasis on effects on climate.]

CLARKE, G. K. C, and others. Strain heating and creep instability in glaciers and ice sheets, [by] G. K. C. Clarke, U. Nitsan, W. S. B. Paterson. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1977, p. 235 47. [Investigates conditions leading to creep instability, which leads to runaway increase of internal temperature and deformation rate.]

CLAUSEN, H. B,. and DANSGAARO, W. Less surface accumulation on the Ross lee Shelf than hitherto assumed. [Union Géodésiquc, , , . ] Symposium. Isotopes el impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 172-76. [Total β-activily profiles along 36 hand-augered fini cores from south-easl part of ice shelf indicate accumulation rates of only half previous estimates, determined from stratigraphie pit studies.]

DANSGAARD, W. Summary of activities at the Geophysical Isotope Laboratory. Copenhagen. [Union Géodésiquc. . . . [ Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977. p. 401-07. [Activities based on studies of isotopes and dust in polar ice sheets, which may be interpreted in terms of glaciological and clinialologieal time series and used in ice dynamic and climatological modelling.]

DANSGAARD, VV., and others. Stable isotope profile through the Ross Ice Shelf at Little America V, Anlarctica, [by] W. Dansgaard, S. J. Johnsen, H. B. Clausen, C. U. Hammer and C. C. Langway,. Jr. [Union Géodésiquc. . . , ] Symposium. Isotopes el impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975,197 ?· 322-25. $$$[5(^,sO)-profilc along iec cores ranges from — 2o% near surface to —35%o at bottom, i.e. lower than at any surface value hitherto measured in west Antarctica.]

DANSGAARD, \V.. and others. Stable isotope variations in snow and ice at Vostok, Antarctica, [by] W. Dansgaard, N. 1. Barkov and J. Splettstoesser. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975,1977 ?· 204-09. [Surface snow and deep ice samples show obliteration in firn of all S$$$(^l80)-cycles shorter than 20 cm ice equivalent. Mean $$$6(^lsO) to estimated age relationship confirms previous findings, but climatic implications remain unclarified until continuous profile established.]

DAVIES, T. D., and others. The first ice core from East Africa, by T. I). Davies, P. Brimblecombe and G. B, Vincent. Weather, Vol. 32, No. 10, 1977, p. 386-90. [Light-hearted accuuut of expedition to Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya. Drilling to 8 m bedrock achieved; ice core now being studied in England.]

DORONIN, A. N. O khimicheskom sostave snezhno-firnogo-lcdyanoy tolshchi 0-570 m na stantsii Vostok [On the chemical composition of the snow Bra-ice layer 0-570 m thick at Vostok station]. Informitsiomiyy Byulleten¹ Sovetskoy Antarkticlieskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 94,1977. p. 45-48.

DRESSLER, K., and MEIER, S. Ausflussgeschwindigkcit und Eisausstoss des Hays-, Campbell- und Assender-Gletschers, Enderby-Land, Antarktika. Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, Jahrg. 121, 3, 1977, p. 224-25. [Describes Soviet work in Enderby Land on movement and behaviour of Hays, Campbell and Assender glaciers where they flow into the sea. Presents separate air photographs of Hays and Campbell glaciers.]

EINAKSSON, T. Tilgata urn orsok hamlarahlaupsins ? Jokulsâ â Fjôllum og um jardvisindalega byuingu pessa rnikla hlaups. Jôkull, Âr 26, 1976 [pub. 1977], p.-64. [Presents theory for cause of catastrophic floods in Icelandic river, discussing role of glaciers.]

ESCRITT, T. North Iceland glacier inventory—1975 field season. Jôkull, Ar 26, 1976 [pub. 1977], p. 59-60. [Summarizes work by three British expeditions.]

ESCRITT, T. North Iceland glacier inventory—1976 field season. Jokuli, Ar 26, 1976 [pub. 1977], p. 60. [Brief note on work of four expeditions.]

HALLET, B. Subglacial chemical deposits and the composition of basal ice. [Union Géodésique. . . .] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 289-92. [Solutes in basal ice may affect behaviour of entire glaciers because of their influence on sliding.]

HAMRREY, M. j. Foliation, minor folds and strain in glacier ice. Tectonophysics, Vol. 39, Nos. 1-3, 1977, p. 397-416. [Discusses variable nature of foliation in ice, with regard to grain shape and size, bubble content, and c-axis orientations, with examples from northern Norway, Switzerland, and Canadian Arctic. Also considers nature and orientation of minor folds in relation lo foliations with examples from Swiss Alps.]

HAMMER, C. U. Dating of Greenland ice cores by microparticle concentration analyses. [Union Geodésiquc. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 297-301. [Seasonal variations of microparticle concentration in 6 000 samples were compared with 8$$$(^,sO) and gross$$$ ^-activity analyses and may be used for dating beyond ranges of latter techniques.]

HAMMER, C. U. Dust studies on Greenland ice cores. [Union Geodésiquc. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977; ?- 365-70. [Results suggest dust in south Greenland is of non-volcanic origin, at least since A.D. 1780.]

HAROREAVES, N. D. The polarization of radio signals in the radio echo sounding of ice sheets. Journal of Physics D, Vol. 10, No. 9, 1977, p. 1285-1304. [Measurements of polarization of echoes from internal layering of ice sheet used to derive value of anisotropy of dielectric constant of polar ice in situ.]

HERRON, M. M., and others. Vanadium and other elements in Greenland ice cores, [by] M. M. Herron, C. C. Langway, Jr., H. V. Weiss, P. Hurley, R. Kerr and J. H. Cragin. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 98-102. [Results of study determining elemental abundances of Na, Cl, AI, Mn. V, Zn, and Hg in Greenland ice cores and snow over past several hundred years. Relative abundance of zinc increased from 12 to 32 over period pre-1900 to 1971-13.]

HOLDSWORTH, G. Surge activity on the Barnes Ice Cap. Nature, Vol. 26g, No. 5629, 1977, p. 588-90. [Shows that several surges have occurred on this small sub-polar ice cap on Baffin Island, Canada, during the last millennium.]

HOLDSWORTH, G. Tidal interaction with ice shelves. Annales de Géophysique, Tom. 33, Nos. 1-2, 1977, p. 133—46. [Maps show distribution of ice shelves in both polar regions, also tidal characters of regions. Article is mainly concerned with tidal bending of ice shelves, bending of model ice tongue being analysed for elastic, viscous, and transient creep cases.]

HUGHES, T. J. Do oxygen isotope data from deep coreholes reveal dike-sill thermal convection in polar ice sheets? [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977: P.336-40. [Dikc-sill thermal convection in polar ice sheets is readily testable mechanism for producing "cold spikes" in oxygen isotope profiles down coreholes.]

HUGHES, T, J, West Antarctic ice streams. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, Vol. 15, No. 1. 1977. p. 1—46. [Examines nature of dynamic processes in ice streams that give ice sheets their degree of independent behaviour and emphasizes consequences ofviscoplastic instability inherent in anisotropic polycrystalline solids such as glacial ice.]

JAWOROWSKI, Z., and others. Stable and radioactive pollutants in some northern hemisphere glaciers, [by] Z. Jaworowski, L. Kownacka, J. Bilkiewicz and D. T. Oakley. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. .. 1975, 1977, p. 112-15. [Presents results of study on temporal variations of concentrations of $$$²²⁶Ra, ^2I0Fb, ^I37Cs, U, Pb, and Cd in $$$fossil ice from Polish, Norwegian, and Himalayan glaciers.]

KATô, K., and WATANABE, O. Nankyoku Mizuho KOgeu kara eta sensô bôringu koâ-chû no sanso dôitai no bunpu [Oxygen isotope profiles in firn cores from Mizuho Plateau, Antarctica]. jVankyoku Shiryô: Antarctic Record, No. 58, 1977, p. 254-62. [Discusses factors affecting variations in oxygen isotope content and distribution in firn. English abstract, p. 254.]

KISLOV, B. V., and others. Changes in Pamiro-Alai glacier contamination during the last 100 years according to data from deep wells, [by] B. V. Kislov, V. K. Nozdrukhin and V. F. Suslov. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. .. 1975, 1977, p- 415-16. [Abstract only, Studies on Lednik Abramov.]

KITE, G. W., and REID, I. A. Volumetric change of the Athabasca Glacier over the last 100 years. Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 32, Nos. 3—4, 1977, p. 279-94. [Recent data enable volume of glacier (in Alberta, Canada) at its recent maximum in 1870 to be estimated. Results show volume of present ablation zone is about two-thirds of 1870 volume. Implications discussed.]

KOERNER, R. M. Distribution of microparticles in a 299-m core through the Devon Island ice cap, Northwest erritories, Canada. [Union Géodésiquc. . . . ] Syntposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces….. 1975 1977- ?· 371-76. [Also investigates seasonal variations.]

KUMAI, M. Electron microscope analysis of aerosols in snow and deep ice cores in Greenland. [Union Géo-désique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotapes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, P· 34 1-50· [Investigates long-term variation of atmospheric dust particles in cores of depth 547 to 1 368 m from surface and 2 000 to 100 000 years old. Discussion, p. 349-50.]

LANGWAY, C. C., jr. The development, scope and future of core drilling and ice core studies. [Union Géo-désique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans tes neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 411. [Brief outline of ice core investigations in Arctic and Antarctic regions.]

LANGWAY, C. C. jr., and others. Seasonal variations of chemical constituents in annual layers of Greenland deep ice deposits, [by] G. C. Langway, Jr., G. A. Klouda, M. M. Herron and J. H. Cragin. [Union Géo-désique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 302-06. [Large variation noted. Suggests promising new method of denning annual layers and thus dating old cores, providing samples represent exactly one (or multiple) year's accumulation.]

LEMMENS, M.. and others. Accretion processes at the hasc of two Alpine glaciers as indicated by the chemical composition of the ice (extended abstract only), [byj M. Lemmens, R. Lorrain, G. Peelers and R. Souchez. [Union Géodésiquc. . . . J Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977. p. 293. [Reports chemical analyses of basal ice from Glacier d’Argentièrc, France, and Glacier de Tsanneuron, Switzerland. Kxtension of paper published in Journal of Claciology, Vol. 14. No. 71, 1975, p. 261-65.]

LOKIUS, C.. and MEKLIVAT, L. Distribution of mean surface stable isotopes in cast Antarctica: observed changes with depth in the coastal area. [Union Géodésiquc. . , . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 127-37. [Mean samples of snow accumulated during last ιν years were collected at 48 points along 850-km traverse from Dumom d'Urville station towards Voslok. 303-m deep core (down to bedrock) obtained in coastal area. Results of isotope analyses presented. Discussion, p. 137.]

MATTHEWS, J. A. Glacier and climatic fluctuations inferred from tree-growth variations over the last 250 years, central southern Norway. Boreas. Vol. 6, No. 1, 1977, p. 1-24. [Ten major oscillations of Pirns sylvestris growth are believed to be indicative of glacier fluctuations.]

MEKLIVAT, L., and others. Distribution of artificial tritium in firn samples from cast Antarctica, [by] L. Merlivat, j. Jouzel, J. Robert and C. Lorius. [Union Géoclcsique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes el impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . , 1975, 1977, p. 138-45. [Tritium measurements carried out on samples collected at five points 133 to 833 km from coast, al 1 730 to 3 010 m a.s.l. As in Greenland, correlation found between concentration of tritium in snow and altitude.]

MOKIEVSKY-ZUBOK, O. Glacier-caused slide near Pylon Peak. British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 11, 1977, p. 2657-62. [Describes land ice slide which occurred on south-western side of Devastation Glacier, Coasi Mountains, on 22 July 1975. and discusses cause.]

MULLKK, P., and others. Isotope measurements and firn stratigraphy on ice caps surrounding the North Water polynya, [by] F, Miiller, B. Stauffer and G. Schribcr. [Union Géodésiquc. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 188-96. [Part of attempt to assess extent and magnitude of influence ol polynya on accumulation rates and thermal regime of surrounding ice masses, Combined application of both techniques gave useful results. Discussion, p. 195-96.]

NOACK, E. F. Journey to the Hispar glaciers. Geographical Magazine, Vol. 50, No. 1, 1977, p. 55-60. [Describes route to glaciers of the Hispar complex, Nagar State, Pakistan, and comments upon appearance of Bualtar and Barpu glaciers.]

PHILBERTH, K. Atomkernenergie-Risiken und Atommiill-Deponierung im Eis. Polarforschung, Jahrg. 46, Nr. 2, 1976. P.106-20. [Discusses problem of radioactive waste disposal in ice sheets, particularly the polar ones.] Prcciorro, E. E. Sur l'origine des impuretés minérales de la glace. [Union Géodésiquc. . , , J Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . /1975, 1977, p. 78-87. [Discusses chemical and isolopic methods which will determine relative contributions 10 ice of the various sources (ocean, lithosphère, extra-terrestrial space, man's activities) of mineral impurities. Discussion, p. 87.]

POGGI, A. Heat balance in the ablation area of the Ampère glacier (Kerguelen Islands). Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1977, p. 48-55. [Presents results of measurements made over 52 days, from 8 January to 2 March 1972. |

PORTMANN, J.-P. Variations glaciaires, historiques et préhistoriques dans les Alpes suisses. Les Alpes. Revue du Club Alpin Suisse, An. 53, Trimestre 4, 1977, p. 145-72. [Reviews variations of glaciers in Swiss Alps in prehistoric times, based on observations of glacial geology, and in recent times, based on descriptions and drawings which are compared with present-day photographs.]

RAYNAUU, D. Le gaz des calottes glaciaires. Recherche, Vol. 8, No. 74, 1977, p. 81-84. [Reviews how analysis of gases entrapped in ice caps provides information on past history of ice cap.]

RAYNAUD, D. and DELMAS, R. Composition des gaz contenus dans la glace polaire. [Union Géodésiquc. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . Î975, 1977, p. 377-81. [Cas content of polar ice similar to present atmospheric composition, except for $$$GCy 0₂ is slightly less and Ar greater.]

RAYNAUD, D., and LORIUS, C. Total gas content in polar ice: rheological and climatic implications. [Union Geodcsique. , . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. 1975 1977, p. 326-35. [Presents results from sites located in Greenland and Devon Island, Canada, and in Antarctica, and analyses present geographical distribution and variations with depth of total gas content. Discussion, p. 334-35.]

REEH, N., and others. S(^iaO) and accumulation rate distribution in the Dye 3 area, south Greenland, [by] N. Rceh, H. B. Clausen, N. Gundcstrup, S. J. Johnsen and B. StauHer. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et g/aces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 177-81. [Most interesting result is unexpectedly high negative charge of S(^,sO) per unit of elevation (-3.0%,, S('«0) per 100 m).]

REVYAKIN, V. S., and IVANOV, V. G. The results of isotopic application to the Allai glaciers. [Union Géo-désique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975,1977, p. 416. [Abstract only, Study of deuterium distribution in glaciers, snow-pack, ice mounds, and water-courses near glaciers.]

RIST, S. Grimsvatnahlaupio 1976. Jokull, Ar 26, 1976 [pub. 1977], p. 80-90. [Description of jôkulhlaup at Grimsvotn, Vatnajdkull, Iceland, which commenced on 4 September 1976 and reached peak on 22 September. English abstract, p. 80.1

RIST, S. Jôklabreytingar 1964/65-1973/74 (10 ar), 1974/75 og 1975/76. Jokull, Ar26, 1976 [pub. 1977]. p. 69-74. [Glacier variations in Iceland during ten-year period 1964-74 and in 1974-75 and 1975-76. English summary, p. 72.]

RIST, S. Jôkulhlaupaannâll 1974, 1975 og 1976. Jokull, Ar 26, 1976 [pub. 1977], p. 75-79- [Lists jokulhlaups 111 Iceland during 1974-76.J

ROMANOV, V. V. Tritium in Pamir glaciers. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans tes neiges et glaces.. . . ι1975, 1977, P.417- [Abstract only. Study of vertical distribution of tritium in annual layers on Lednik Fedchenko and Lednik Abramov.]

SANAK, J., and LAMBERT, G. Lead 310 or climatic changes at South Pole? Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 4, No. 9, 1977, p. 357-59. [Measurement of Pb^2,° shows that significant changes occurred around and between 1920 and 1954 either in accumulation rate or in$$$ Pb² content of new fallen snow or, more probably, both.]

SCHOTTERER, U-, and others. Isotope measurements on firn and ice cores from Alpine glaciers, [by] U. Schotterer [and 7 others]. Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975,1977> P· 232-36. [Investigates extent to which stable and radioactive isotopes may be used to determine accumulation rates and ages of temperate glaciers in the Alps.]

SUCIIEGLOVA, O. P. Vynos melkozema iz glyatsial'noy oblasti i temperatura vozdukha na poverkhnosti lednikov [Silt outwash from a glacial region and air temperature at the glacier surface]. Akademiya >Naut SSSR. Daklady, Tom 233, No. 6, 1977, p. 1185-87. [Calculations based on studies of Soviet glaciers.]

SIGBJARNARSON, G. Hagarellsjokull cystri hlaupinn. Frâ fera Joklaramisoknarfélagsins afi Hagavatm 21.-22. juni 1975. Jokull, Ar 26, 1976 [pub. 1977], p. 94 96. [Account of recent visit to Hagafcllsjokull cystn, Langjrikull, central Iceland, in June 1975, particularly study of effect of recent surge. English summary, p. 96.]

SPLETTSTOESSER, J. F. Ross Ice Shelf Project. ..Vehraska Blue Print (University of Nebraska. College of Engineering and Technology), Vol. 76, No. ft, 1977, p. 10-13. [Outlines work of this project.]

THEODRSSON, P. 40-year tritium profiles in a polar and a temperate glacier. [Union Géodésique. . . .] Symposium. Isotopes el impuretés dans les neiges et glaces,. . . 1975. 1977, p. 393-98- [Triiium content of precipitation of past decades preserved in polar ice but has been modified in temperate ice by isotopic exchange between melt water and ice.]

THOMPSON, L. G. Microparticlcs, ice sheets and climates. Ohio State University. Institute of Polar Studies. Report No. 64, 1977, xvii, 148 p. [Study of cores from Camp Century, Greenland, and "Byrd" station, Antarctica.)

THOMPSON, L. G. Variations in microparticle concentration, size distribution and elemental composition found in Camp Century, Greenland, and Byrd station, Antarctica, deep ice cores. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, P· 351-64· [Describes and interprets studies conducted to clarify relationship between atmospheric turbidity and climate. Leads to means of dating ice sheets at great depth and of great age. Discussion, p. 363-64.]

VILENSKIY, V. D. A study of geochemical characteristics of ihe contemporary east Antarctic ice sheet. [Union Géodésique.. . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1973, 1977, p. 417-18. [Abstract Discusses deposition of extraterrestrial matter on ice sheets.]

VINOGRADOV, Yu. B. Glyatsial'nyye proryvnyye pavodki i selecyye poloki [Glacial outburst floods and rnudjlows]. Leningrad, Gidromctcoizdat, 1977. 155 p. [Many examples from various parts of the world described.]

WARBURTON, J. A., and LINKLE'TTER, G. O. Precipitation-forming mechanisms and the chemistry of precipitation on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. [Unioii Géodésique. . . . | Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans tes neiges et glaces.. . .1975, 1977. p. 88-94. [Significant enrichment is occurring in specific precipitation types; degree appears to depend on precipitation form.]

WEISS, H. V., and others. Summary of a suite of trace elements in the Greenland ice sheet, [by] H. V. Weiss, M. Koide, K. K. Bertine and E. D. Goldberg. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 103-07. [Study to determine whether flux of suite of elements (S, Se, Hg, Sb, Mn, As, Cu, Cd, and Zn) from continents to atmosphere has been influenced by activities of man. Comments, p. 107.]

WYTTENBACH, A., and others. Determination of impurities in ice cores from the Jungfraujoch by neutron activation analysis, [by] A. Wyttenbach, R. Rautcr, B. Stauffer, U. Schotterer. Journal of Radioanalylkal Chemistry, Vol. 38, Nos. 1-2, 1977, p. 405-13. [4 m ice core analysed by this technique and chemical separation and results discussed in terms of origin of impurities.] YOSHTDA, Y. Nankyoku chiiki no chikyû kagakutcki kenkyû to chigaku ni okeru jakkan no kadai ni kansuru oboegaki [A note on the relationship between geochemical investigation and some problems for earth sciences in the Antarctic]. Nankyoku Shirya: Antarctic Record, No. 58, 1977, p. 1-8. [The arrangement of phenomena related to evolution and fluctuation of the Antaretic ice sheet on the basis of a time scale is proposed as framework for geochemical investigations, English abstract, p. 1.]

Icebergs. Sea, River and Lake Ice

ALLAN, A. "C-CORE goes to the Arctic”. C-CORE News (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering), Vol. 1, No. 3, 1976, p. 1-3. [Describes experiments for measuring ice stresses acting against dock in north Baffin Island, Canada.]

ANTONOV, V. S., and others. Metodicheskiye osnovy dolgosrochnykh ledovykh prognozov dlya ust'ycv arkticheskikh rek [Methodological bases of long-range ice forecasts for Arctic river mouths]. [ByJ V. S. Antonov, Z. S. Solov'yçva, G. Ye. Usankina. Problemy Arkiiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 50, 1977, p. 63-66.

ANTROPOVA, L. V., and KOGAN, E. A. Ledovyy halaiis i yego rol' v izmenchivosti ledovilosli Datskogo proliva [Ice balance and its role in the variability of ice extent of Denmark Strait], Problem? Arkiiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 52. 1977, p. 60-66.

BULATOV, L. V., and ZAKIIAROV, V. F. Izmeneniye kolichestva mnogolctnikh 1'dov v Arkticheskikh moryakh v epokhu sovrcmennngo pokholodeniya [Changes in the amount of permanent ice in Arctic seas during the present cold period], Trudy Arklkheskogo i Antarkticheskogo Nmtchno-lssledavatei'skogo Institute, Tom 319, 1976, p. 39-41.

BUZUYEV, A. YA. Nekoloryye rczultaty izucheniya vliyaniya ledyanogo pokrova na dvizheniye sudov [Some results of the study of the influence of ice cover on navigation]. Problemy Arkiiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 50, 1977, p. 76-79. [Stresses value of ice forecasting in the Soviet Arctic]

CATCUPOLE, A. J. W. and others. Spring break-up of estimates on Hudson Bay, by A. J. W. Catehpole, D. W. Moodie and D. Milton. Weather, Vol. 32, No. 10, 1977. p. 364-72. [Describes development Γ settlements along southern and western coasts of bay, where severe flooding is common, and effects of break-up, using excerpts from historical accounts and present-day example from Albany River estuary.]

DAROHEN, J. Les icebergs de l'Atlantique Nord. Météorologie, Sér. 6, No. S, 1977, p. 14.5-70. [Examines, in some detail, the calving of icebergs from the coast of Greenland, their movement southwards, and how ships may detect and avoid them.

DUBOVTSEV, V. F., and TIMEREV, A. A. Proniknoveniye tepla solneehnoy radiatsii cherez snezhno-ledyanoy pokrov Severnogo Ledovitogo okeana (po malerialam nablyudeniy na stantsii "Severnyy Polyus-18" v 1970 g-) [Penetration of warmth of solar radiation through snow and iee cover ?f the Arctic Ocean (from the drifting station SP-18 in 1970)]. Trudy Arktichcskogo i Antarkticheskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Institute, Tom 319, 1976, p. 81-94.

GANONC, W. F. What constitutes a modern ice information service? Papers presented at the WMO technical conference on the applications of marine meteorology to the high sens and coastal zone development. Genera, 22-26 November 1976. Geneva, Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization, 1976, p. 287-93. (WMO—No. 454.) [Outlines state of the art in Canada.[

GORBUNOV, Yu, A., and others. Sovremennoye sostoyaniye mclodov kratkosrorhnykh ledovykh prognozov dlya arkticheskikh morey i perspektivy ikh sovershenstvovaniya [The state of short-range iee forecasting for Arctic seas and prospects for its improvement]. [By] Yu. A. Gorbunov, I. M. Kuznetsov, A. L. Sokolov. Problemy Arkiiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 50, 1977. p. 32-35. [State of recent Soviet work.]

GORDIYENKO, P. A. Izucheniye ledovykh usloviy i sudokhodstvo vo 1'dakh [Ice conditions and their study for purposes of ice navigation]. Problemy Arkiiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 50, 1977. p. 71 75. [In the Soviet Arctic]

HENGEVELD, H. G. Airborne remotely sensed data collected by the Atmospheric Environment Service over radar target areas. C-CORE Publication (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering) 77-39. 1977, vi. [40] p. (C-CORK Project SAR '77. Field Data Report No. 10.) [Describes ice data collected from Great Lakes, St. Lawrence Seaway. River, and Gulf, and eastern seaboard during spring 1977.]

HIBEEH, W. D., III. A viscous sea ice law as a stochastic average of plasticity. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 82, No. 37, 1977, p. 3932-38. [Demonstrates that if time and/or length scales are chosen large enough, then stochastic variations in sea ice deformation rates can cause average stress-strain relationship on these scales to take on viscous characteristics, even though non-averaged relationship is plastic in character.]

HOLDEN, C. Experts ponder icebergs as relief for world water dilemma. Science, Vol. 198. No. 4314. p. 274-76. [Brief report of the first International Conference on Iceberg Utilization, held 2-6 October 1977 at lowa State University, U.S.A.]

HUPPEKT, H. E., and TURNK.I, J. S. On melting icebergs. Nature, Vol. 271, No. 5640, 1978. p. 46-48. [Discusses theoretical problem of melting icebergs for fresh water supply, pointing out effect of salinity gradient in upper 250 m of most oceans. Presents results of laboratory experiments in which ice is inserted into salinity gradient.]

[ICEBERGS.] Remote sensing; iceberg grounding study. C-CORE. Xews (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering), Vol. 1, No. 3, 1976. p. 5-6. [Colour infra-red photographs of icebergs taken at different altitudes used for identifying possible sediment deposits. Compared with information obtained with black-and-white photographs.]

KARKLIM, V. P. Sostoyaniye i perspektivy ispolzovaniya geliogeofizicheskikh faktorov v ledovykh prognozakh [Conditions and prospects for solar-terrestrial factors and their use in iee forecasting present and future]. Problemy Arkiiki i Antarktiki. Vyp. 50, 1977, p. 45-48.

KIRILLOV, A. A. Ledovyye prognozy dlya arkticheskikh morey i ikh prakticheskoyc ispol'zovaniye [Ice forecasting for Arctic seas and its practical use]. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1977. No. 4, p. 59-65. [Results of studies in connection with Northern Sea Route navigation, 1971-75." English summary, p. 65.]

KOGAN, B. A. Izmenehivost' ledovykh usioviy v Datskom prolive [Ice condition changes in Denmark Strait]. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki. Vyp. 50. 1977. p. 129-33. [Monthly and seasonal changes up to 1972.]

KOGAN, B. A., and others. Prognoz leclovitosti i polozheniya kromki l'da v Datskom prolive na vesevvc-letniy period [Prediction of ice extent and ice edge position in Denmark Strait for spring and summer|. [By] B. A. Kogan, N. A. Nikol'skaya, L. N, Zuyev. Problemy Arkiiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 52, 1977, p. 47-53. [Long-range forecasting.]

KOVACS, A., and MELLOR, M. Sea ice pressure ridges and ice islands. Hanover, N.H., Creare Inc., 1971 [released 1971- 1976, vii, 127p. (Technical Note 122.) [Describes environmental conditions of ice-covered polar seas, with emphasis on pressure ridges and ice islands encountered in Mackenzie Bay and Beaufort Sea.]

KRAVETS, L. M. Ledovyye usloviya na Kaspiyskom more vo vremya surovykh zim i ikh vliyaniye na rabotu flota flee conditions of the Caspian Sea during severe winters and their influence on work of the fleet], Problem]/ Arktiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 50, 1977, p. 136-37. [Ice conditions affecting transport of oil and oil products.] LEBEDEV, A. A., and URALOV, N. S. Prognozirovaniye ledovitosli Grenlandskogo morya v svyazi s osobennoslyami teplovogo sostoyaniya Atlanlicheskogo okcana i atmosfernoy tsirkulyatsii [Forecasts of ice extent in the Greenland Sea in relation to the thermal state of the Atlantic Ocean and atmospheric circulation]. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 50, 1977, p. 36-39.

MCPHEE, M. G., and SMITH, J. D. Measurements of the turbulent boundary layer under pack ice, Journal of Physical Oceanography, Vol. 6, No. 5, 1976, p. 696-711. [Mean and turbulent flow structure under pack ice measured during 1972 AIDJEX pilot study with small mechanical current meter triplets at eight levels in the planetary boundary layer.] MARTIN, S., and KAUFEMAN, P. An experimental and theoretical study of the turbulent and laminar convection generated under a horizontal ice sheet floating on warm salty water. Journal of Physical Oceanography, Vol. 7, No. 2, 1977, p. 272-83. [Describes laboratory model of melting process of Hat sheet of ice floating on warm salty water and derives theoretical model of process which is then compared with experiment.]

MICHEL, B., and ABDELNOUR, R. Stabilité hydro-mécanique d'un couvert déglace encore solide. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 3, No. I, 1976, p. 1-10. [Describes laboratory tests to simulate destruction of solid continuous ice cover under effect of tangential forces created by flow.] MOSKAL', T, N., and KARLIN, L. N. Opyt primencniya chislennogo metoda dlya rascheta elementov ledovo-gidrologicheskogo rezhima Barentseva morya [Numerical forecasting of ice and hydrological regime of the Barents Sea]. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 50, 1977, p. 49-56. MUENCH, R. D., CHARNELL, R. L. Observations of medium-scale features along the seasonal ice edge in the Bering Sea. Journal of Physical Oceanography, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1977, p. 602-06. [Band-like ice features observed via satellite in Bering Sea water-ice transition zone during periods of of-ice winds. Formation probably related to atmospheric convective processes; such features may be significant indicators of transition zone ice dynamics.] MURTY, T. S,, and others. Iceberg movement in the North Atlantic Ocean, by T. S. Murty, P. A. Bolduc. and K, Adamowski. Papers presented at the WMO technical conference on the applications of marine meteorology to the high seas and coastal zone development. Geneva, 22-26 November 1976. Geneva, Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization, 1976, p. 295. (WMO—No. 454.) [Abstract only. Discusses prediction of severity (number of bergs per season south of 4K⁰ N.).] [NAVIGATION THROUGH FLOATING ICE.] Λ special issue devoted to the "Ship-in-the-Ice" project—a joint venture to undertake research from a vessel in the pack ice off Labrador. C-CORE News (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering), Vol. 2, No. 2, 1977, 8 p. [Includes several short articles describing project, including ice characterization, measuring ice strain, and research in the Labrador pack.] NEZHIKHOVSKIY, R. A., and BUZIN, V. A. Usloviya obrazovaniya i prognozy zatorov l'da na rekakh [Conditions of formation and forecasting of a river ice jam]. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1977, No. 5, p. 70-75. [With reference to conditions on northern Siberian rivers.] NIEDRAUER, T. M. Brine drainage and convection in young sea ice. Seattle, Washington, University of Washington. Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, 1977. vi 1., 67 p. (Scientific Report, Office of Naval Research.) [Observations from laboratory experiments.]

NIKIFOROV, YE. G., and others. Krupnyye anomal ii gidrologicheskogo rezhima Severnogo Ledoyitogo okeana i ledovyye usloviya morcy Sibirskogo shcl'fa [Large anomalies of the Arctic Ocean hydrological regime and ice conditions in the seas on the Siberian shelf]. [By] Ye. G. Nikiforov, A. O. Shpaykher, A. V. Yanes. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 50, 1977, p. 40-44. NIKOI.'SKAYA, N. A., and others. Svyaz' integral'nykh pokazatcley teplovogo sostoyaniya okeana i atmosfernoy tsirkulyatsii s ledovitost'yu Datskogo proliva [The relationship of integral indicators of the thermal state of the ocean and atmospheric circulation with ice extent in Denmark Strait]. [By] N. A. Nikol'skaya, V. L. Senyukov, B. A. Kogan. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 52, 1977, p. 39-46. [Conditions for 1946-72 studied.]

ORLOV, N. F. Prostranstvenno-vremennaya izmenehivost' ledovitosti i polozheniye kromki l'da v severo-zapadnoy Atlantike [Temporal and spatial variability of ice extent and the position of the ice edge in the western North Atlantic], Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 52, 1977, p, 54~59- [Labrador Sea and Davis Strait.] OVSIYENKO, S. N. O chislennom modelirovanii dreyl'a l'da [Numerical modelling of the drift of ice]. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Fizika Atmosfera i Okeana, Tom 12, No. 11, 1976, p. 1201-06. [Discusses motion of ice cover consisting of individual ice floes in presence of free boundary. English translation in Izvestiya. Academy of Sciences, U.S.S.R. Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Vol. 12, No. II, 1977, p. 740-43.] ROMANOV, A. A., and SOBOLUVA, D. R. Ledovyye usloviya plavaniya v more Rossa i zalive Mak-Merdo [Ice conditions and navigation in the Ross Sea and McMurdo Sound]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten' Sovetskoy Anlarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 94, 1977, p. 31-36. [Survey of past conditions.] ROSSITER, J. R. Impulse radar studies ?f ice. C-CORE News (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre For Cold Ocean Resources Engineering), Vol. 2, No. 3, 1977, p. 7. [Measurements made of thickness, density, salinity, temperature and crystal structure in study of electrical and structural properties of sea ice, also of strain induced in ice by thermal stress and ocean swells.] TOKAIRIN, A. Kohya. Chimmaku no hyôgen, mikuro to makuro no nazo [Lake ice. Ice fields of silence, enigmas great and small]. Tokyo, Kôdan-sha, 1977. 103 p, [Describes forms of lake ice, including details of crystal structure. Profusely illustrated.]

VALLER, F. I. Ledovyyc usloviya na sudokhodnykh trassakh severnoy chasti Kaspiyskogo morya i ikh vliyaniye na dvizheniye suclov [Ice conditions along shipping routes of the north Caspian Sea and their influence on movement of ships]. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 50, 1977, p. 99-104.

VOLKOV, N. A. Ledovaya razvedka na sluzhbc nauki i moreplavaniya [Ice reconnaissance in the service of research and navigation]. Probiemy Arkiiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 50, 1977, p, 15-22. [Short historical survey of Soviet progress.]

VOLKOV, N. A. Problema ledovykh prognozov dlya arkticheskikh morey (sostoyaniye, zadachi i perspektivy razvitiya) [Ice forecasting for Arctic seas (position, problems and development prospects)J. Probiemy Arkiiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 50, 1977, p. 8-14. [Stale of ice forecasting methodology after 50 years.]

VOLKOV, N. A., and ZAKHAROV, V. F. Evolyutsiya ledyanogo pokrova v Arktikc v svyazi s izmeneniyami klimata [Evolution of the ice cover in the Arctic associated with climatic change]. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1977, No. 7, p. 47-55. [Deterioration of ice conditions since 1940's, seas north of U.S.S.R. English summary, p. 55-1

VOROB'YEV, V. N. Polugodovoy priliv i dreyf 1'dov Arkticheskogo basseyna [Half-yearly tide and drift of ice in the Arctic basin]. Trudy Arkticheskogo i Antarkticheskogo Nanchno-Issledovatel'skogo Instituta, Tom 319, 1976, p. 101-05. [Effect of wind emphasized.]

VOROB'YEV, V. N., and GUDKOVICH, Z. M. O vnutrigodovoy izmenchivosti v dreyfe l'dov i poverkhnoslnykh techeniyakh Arkticheskogo basseyna [On seasonal variability in ice drifting and surface currents of the Arctic basin], Trudy Arkticheskogo i Antarkticheskogo Nauchna-IssledovaUl'skogo Instituta, Tom 319, 1976, p. 23-32.

WEBER, J. E. Heat and salt transfer associated with formation of sea-ice. Tellus, Vol. 29, No. a, 1977, p. 151-60. [Investigation of transient state of sea ice formation due to constant drop in surface temperature and associated change in sea-water salinity due to salt rejection by means of heat balance integral method.]

WEDLER, E., and others. Ice characterization ground truth report, Twillingate, Newfoundland, 1977, [by] E. Wedler, R. D. Worsfold, B. Roberts, R. Miller. C-CORE Publication (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering) 77-32, 1977, vii, 97 p. (C-CORE Project SAR '77. Field Data Report No. 3.) [Presents data collected in spring 1977 at Friday Bay on sea ice thickness, salinity, density, electrical conductivity and snow depth, thermistor ice temperatures and surface feature descriptions.]

WELANDER, P. Observation of oscillatory ice states in a simple convection experiment. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 82, No. 18, 1977, p. 2591-92. [In experiment where body of water is heated internally while it is cooled to freezing from above, self-sustained oscillations may appear with ice forming and disappearing periodically. Application to natural systems is being considered.]

WILLIAMS, F. M. Time dependent deflections of nonhomogeneous ice plates. Acta Mechanica, Vol. 25, Nos. 1-2 1976, p. 29-44. [Considered as viscoelastic plate on an elastic foundation.]

WORSFOLD, R. D., and others. Thermal infrared measurements and error correction methods, Grand Banks, Newfoundland (April-July, 1976), by R. D. Worsfold and D. Strong, B. Roberts, S. Richter. C-CORE Publication (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering) 77-2, 1977, iii, 81 p. + erratum sheet. (C-CORE Field Project.) [Thermal contour maps constructed from data collected during 1976 iceberg season. Applications include determination of iceberg deterioration.]

ZUBAKIN, G. K.. Vzaimodeystviye vetrovykh voln s ledyanym pokrovom (eksperimental'nyyr dannyye) [Interaction of wind waves with sea ice cover (experimental data)]. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 52. 1977, p. 70-75- [Based on observations in the Arctic basin.]

ANUNDSEN, K. Radiocarbon datings and glacial striae from the inner part of Boknfjord area, south Norway. .Norsk Geograjisk Tidsskrift. Bd. 31, Ht. 1, 1977, p. 41-54. [Radiocarbon dating of whale bones and observations of glacial striae enable conclusions to be made about date and movement of Quaternary ice sheet in this area.]

ASHWELL, I. Y. Morphology of upper Lundarreykjadalur, western Iceland. Jokull, Ar 26. 1976 [pub. 1977], p 1-7. [Several features indicate that present-day forms are result of subglacial and englacial drainage through the valley.]

AVER'YANOV, V. G., and KOROTKEVICH, YE. S. Oledeneniye Antarktidy (itogi i perspektivy issledovaniy) [Glaciation of Antarctica (results and prospects of research)]. Infarmatsiottnyy Byullelen' Sovelskov Antarkti-chtskoy Ekspeditsrii,No. 95, 1977 p.52-62. [Glaciological studies.]

AYRAS, M. Tilastollisia havaintoja alkuainejakaumista moreenin hienoaineksessa Sodankylassâ [Statistical observations on the element distribution in the fine material of till, Sodankyla, northern Finland]. Geological Survey of Finland. Repart of Investigation, No. 14, 1977, 41 p. [English summary, p. 32-35.]

BLACK, R. F. Regional stagnation of ice in northeastern Connecticut: an alternative model of déglaciation for part of New England. Geological Society of America. Bulletin, Vol. 88, No. 9. 1977, p. 1331-36. [Reassessment of evidence leads to conclusion that stagnation of late Wisconsinan ice occurred simultaneously throughout Shetucket River basin, rather than in narrow zones during ice-margin recession.]

BLAKE, W., jr. Glacial sculpture along the east-central coast of Ellesmere Island, Arctic Archipelago. Project 750063. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 77-1C, 1977, p. 107- 15. [Describes and interprets remarkable array of features caused by glacial erosion.]

BLAZHCHISHIN, A. I., and LIN'KOVA, T. I. O pliotsenovom oledenenii Barentscva shel'fa [On the Pliocene glaciation of the Barents Sea shelf]. Doklady Akademii Hank SSSR, Tom 236, No. 3, 1977. p. 696-99.

BOOORODSKIY V. V., and others. Issledovaniye podlednikovogo ozera v ràyone stanlsii Molodezhnâya [Investigation of the subglaeial lake near Molodezhdenaya station]. [By] V. V. Bogorodskiy, G. V. Trepov. A. N. Sheremet'yev. Meleorologiya 1" Gidrologiya, 1977, No. 8, p. 29-33. [Results of radio-echo sounding studies! English summary, p. 33.]

BRADLEY, R. S., and ENGLAND, J. Past glacial activity in the high Arctic. Amherst, Mass., University of Massachusetts! Dept. of Geology and Geography, 1977. iv 1., 184 p. (Contribution No. 31.) [Deals with events in late Quaternary (80 000 to 3 000 B,P.) and in recent times,]

BROOKES, 1. A. Geomorphology and Quaternary geology of Codroy Lowland and adjacent plateaus, southwest Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 9, 1977, p. 2101-20. [Presents interpretation of pre-glacial and glacial landforms and Quaternary sediments.]

BROOKES, 1. A. Radiocarbon age of Robinson's Head moraine, west Newfoundland, and its significance for postglacial sea level changes. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 9, 1977, p. 2121-2G. [Reports date of 12 6oo± 140 years B.P. on marine shells from sands within moraine.]

BROSTER, B. E. Magnetic, physical, and lithologie properties and age of till exposed along the east coast of Lake Huron, Ontario: discussion. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 14, No. g, 1977, p. 2169-71. [Comments on paper by C. P. Gravenor and M. Stupavsky, ibid., Vol. 13, No. 12, 1976, p. 1655-66. Reply by authors,

CAHOW, A. C. Glacial geomorphology of the southwest segment of the Chippewa lobe moraine complex, Wisconsin. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 37, No. 6, 1976, P· 2733-6. [Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, Michigan State University, 1976. University Microfilms order no. 76-27080.]

CLARK, J. A., and LINGLE, C. S. Future sea-level changes due to west Antarctic ice sheet fluctuations. Mature, Vol. 269, No. 5625, 1977, p. 206-09. [Presents calculations of how sea-levels around the world would change if the west Antarctic ice sheet melted. Shows that rise would not be uniform everywhere. Calculations are reversible, should ice sheet subsequently accumulate.]

DERBYSHIRE, K., and others. "Total" fabric of some till landforms, [by] E. Derbyshire, A. McGown and A. Radwan. Earth Surface Processes, Vol. ι,??. 1, 1976, p. 17-26. [Results ?Γ fabric analysis of small depositional landforms beneath currently active glaciers in Norway and Iceland, also of tills from drumlins in Scotland and North Wales.]

DERKSEN, S. J. Glacial geology of the Brady Glacier region, Alaska. Ohio State University. Institute of polar Studies. Report No. 60, 1976, xiv, 97 p. [Deals with Pleistocene and Holocene glacial history, present glacier behaviour (briefly), nature of till deposits, and abandoned cirque morphometry.]

DRAKE, L. D. Depositional fabrics in basal till reflect alignments during transportation. Earth Surface Processes, Vol. 2, No. 4, 1977, p. 309-17. [Study of subglacial processes.]

DREIMANIS, A. Magnetic, physical, and lithologie properties and age of till exposed along the east coast of Lake Huron, Ontario: discussion. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 9, 1977, p. 2171-75. [Comments on paper by C. P. Gravenor and M. Stupavsky, ibid., Vol. 13, No. 12, 1976, p. 1655-66. Reply by authors.

EVANS D. L., and FREELAND, H. J. Variations in the Earth's orbit: pacemaker of the ice ages? Science, Vol. 198, No. 4316, 1977, p. 528-29. [Criticizes theory of J. D. Hays, J. Imbrie and N. J. Shackleton, ibid., Vol. 194, No. 4270, 1976, p. 1121-32. Reply by these authors, p. 529-30.]

GOTTSCHALK, L., and NOKDBERG, L. Mathematical modelling of groundwater level response in different geological environments. Sveriges Geologiska Undersôkning, Ser. C, Nr. 728, Avhandlingar och Uppsatser, Arsbok 71, Nr. 3, 1977, 56 p. [Compares theoretical approach to that based on field observations. Model study gives small and slow response for large glaciofluvial eskers with thick unsaturated zones, and big and rapid response

GRIFFEY, N. J. A lichenometric study of the neoglacial end moraines of the Okstindan glaciers, north Norway, and comparisons with similar recent Scandinavian studies. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, Bd. 31, Ht. 4, 1977, p. 163-72. [Reveals presence of "Little Ice Age" sequence thought to have occurred between some time m eighteenth century and 1920.]

HOLLIN, J. T. Thames interglacial sites, Ipswichian sea levels and Antarctic ice surges. Boreas, Vol. b, No. 1, 1977. P. 33-5 [Discusses possibility, supported by observations at sites in Thames estuary, that there was a rise in sea-level late in last interglacial caused by Antarctic surge.)

KAPLYANSKAYA, F. A., and TAKNOGRADSKIY, V. D. K probleme obrazovaniya zalezhey reliktovogo gletschernogo I'da i sokhraneniya iznachal'no merzlykh moren [On the formation of relict glacier ice deposits and preservation of primordial frozen moraines]. Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva, Tom 109, Vyp. 4, 1977 p. 314-19.

KENNETT, J. P. Cenozoic evolution of Antarctic glaciation, the circum-Antarctie Ocean, and their impact on global paleoceanography. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 82, No. 27, 1977, p. 3843-60 [Evidence from deep-sea drilling.],

KERR J. W. Frost and glacially deformed bedrock on Somerset Island, Northwest Territories. Project 740030. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 771-1c 1977, p. 75-77- [Discusses three small mounds observed during bedrock mapping, suggesting mode of formation.]

LABASTILLE, A. On the trail of Wisconsin's ice age. National Geographic Magazine, Vol. 152, No. 2, 1977, p 182-205. [Describes field evidence of Quaternary glaciation in Wisconsin, U.S.A.]

MACKAY ! R and MAGKAY. D. K. The stability of ice-push features, Mackenzie River, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 10, 1977, p. 2213-25· [Various features marked and observed from MATISHOV G G O kharaktere pleystotscnovogo oledeneniya Barentseva shel'fa [On the nature of the Pleistocene glaciation of the Barents Sea shelf]. Daklady Akadernii Muk SSSR, Tom 232, No. 1, 1977, p. l84-87.

MATTHEWS J A A lichenometric test of the 1750 end-moraine hypothesis: Storbreen gletschervorfeld, southern Norway. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, Bd. 31, Ht. 3, 1977, p. 129-36. [Test shows no reason to reject hypotheis].

NURMI, A. Geochemistry of the till blanket at the Talluskanava Ni-Cu ore deposit, Tervo, central Finland. Geological Survey of Finland. Report of Investigation, No. 15, 1976,84 p.

PASKOFF, R. Les glaciations quaternaires dans les Cascades et dans les Andes méridionales aux latitudes tempérées: bilan des recherches et comparaisons. Revue de Géographie Alpine, Tom. 64, Fasc. 2, 1976, p. 125-55. [Reviews results of recent investigations dealing with Quaternary of Cascade Mountains, Washington, U.S.A., and of the southern Andes. Suggests last glaciation was simultaneous in both hemispheres.]

PATERSON, W. S. B. Extent of the late-Wisconsin glaciation in northwest Greenland and northern Ellesmere Island: a review of the glaciological and geological evidence. Quaternary Research, Vol, 8. No. 2, 1977, p. 180-90. [Evidence from Camp Century, Greenland, ice core suggests ice deposited during Wisconsin glaciation must have formed at higher elevation than Holocene ice, probably near main divide of ice sheet whereas Holocene ice is of local origin.]

POSAMENTIER, H, W. Glaciation of the Schobergruppe. east Tyrol, Austria. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 37, No. 11, 1977, p. 5578-B-79-B. [Late-, post-, and neoglacial moraines correlated with recognized European Alpine chronology, using several methods. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, Syracuse University, 1976. University Microfilms order no. 77-9892.]

RIECK, R. L. The glacial geomorphology of an interlobate area in southeast Michigan: relationships between landforms. sediments, and bedrock. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 37, No. 6, 10,70', p. 2734-B-35-B. [Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, Michigan State University, 1976. University Microfilms order no. 76-27144.]

ROBERTS, J. D. Late Precambrian dolomites, Vendian glaciation, and synchroneity of Vendian glaciations. Journal 0/ Geology, Vol. 84, No. 1, 1976, p. 47-G3. [Presents case for "antigreenhouse" effect affecting Vendian glaciation.]

RUDDIMAN, W. F. North Atlantic ice-rafting: a major change at 75,000 years before the present. Science, Vol, 196, No. 4295. 1977,p. 1208-11. [Discusses change in main axis of ice-rafting deposition. Similar shifts must have characterized preceding interglacial glacial cycles.]

SCOTT, W. E. Quaternary glaciation and volcanism, Metolius River area, Oregon. Geological Society of America. Bulletin, Vol. 88, No. 1, 1977. p. 113-24. [Describes stratigraphy of Quaternary glacial and volcanic deposits, extent of former glaciers, and estimated equilibrium-line altitudes of present and former glaciers.]

SHACKIETON, N. J. The oxygen isotope stratigraphie record of the late Pleistocene. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Ser. B, Vol. 280, No. 972, 1977, p. 169 82. [Deep-sea sediment cores preserve detailed record of advance and retreat of ice masses in northern hemisphere, and provide source of information for study of ice sheet dynamics. Tables 2 to 65 in accompanying microfiche. ]

SHOTTON, F. W. The Devensian stage: its development, limits and substages. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Ser. B, Vol, 280, No. 972, 1977, p. 107-18. [Discusses this last glacial stage of the British Pleistocene, broadly equivalent to Weichselian of north-west Europe and Wisconsinan of North America.]

STALKER, A. M. The probable extent of classical Wisconsin ice in southern and central Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 11, 1977, p. 2614-19. [Traces margin of former Laurentide ice sheet through from Saskatchewan border south-east of Medicine Hat to beyond Rucky Mountain House, south-west of Edmonton.]

STONE, P. Raised marine and glacial features of the Cooper Bay-Wirik Bay area. South Georgia. British Antarctic Survey Bulletin. No. 44. 1976. p. 47-56. [Observations and measurements of these features.]

SYNGE, F. M. Records of sea levels during the late Devensian, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Ser. B, Vol. 280, No. 972, 1977, p. 211-28. [Discusses eustatic and isostatic changes over the last loo ooo years, comparing changes in Scotland and Ireland with those in Scandinavia.]

TIJA, H. D. Holocene eustatic sea levels and glaeio-isostatic rebound, Zeitschrift fur Géomorphologie, Neue Folge, Supplementbd. 22, 1975. p. 57-71- [Proposes theory explaining absence of Daly strandlines in northern hemisphere and their presence along many coasts of southern hemisphere.)

TOVERUD, O. Chemical and mineralogical aspects of some geochemical anomalies in glacial drift and peat in northern Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning, Ser. C, Nr. 729, Avhandlinger och Uppsatser, Arsbok 71, Nr. 4, 1977, 37 P.

VORREN, T. O. Weichselian ice movement in south Norway and adjacent areas. Boreas, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1977, P. 247-57· [Attempts to present chronological and regional account of ice movement during this period in south Norway, reconstructing three main phases.)

Frost Action on Rocks and Soil. Frozen Ground. Permafrost

BARSCH, D. Nature and importance of mass-wasting by rock glaciers in Alpine permafrost environments. Earth Surface Processes, Vol. 2. Nos. 2 -3, 1977, p. 231-45. [Presents and discusses results of survey of all rock glaciers in Swiss Alps, which allows amount of talus on the move in active rock glaciers to be estimated.]

BIRD, J. B. Coastal morphology and terrain studies. Kivitoo Peninsula. Baffin Island. EMR research agreement 113Dl$$$$:)l3-4-i45/76. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 77-1C, 1977, p. 53 55. [Landform modification under periglacial conditions. N.W.T., Canada. 1976 field studies concentrated on geomorphic processes active along coast and on role of snow in terrain development.]

BULDOVICH, S. N., and others. Rol’ noveyshikh razryvnykh narusheniy v formirovanii merzlotno-gidrogcologicheskikh usloviy (na primere Neryungrinskoy- sinklinali Yuzhno-Yakutskogo mezozoyskogo progiba) [The role of recent break dislocations in formation of permafrost and hydrogeological conditions (for example the Neryungrinsk syncline of the southern Yakutiya Mesozoic depression)]. [By] S. N. Buldovich. V. S. Melent'yev, M. S. Naumov, O. S. Furikevich. Merzlolnyye Issledovaniya, Vyp. 15, 1976. p. 120 25.

CAILLEUX, A. Les pingos quaternaires de France. Revue de Géographie de Montréal, Vol. 30, No. 4, 1976, p. 374 79. [Describes Quaternary pingos in Paris-Lorraine regions. Some have been dated.]

CARR, M. H., and SCHABER, G. G. Martian permafrost features. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 82, No. 28, 1977. P.4039-54- [Study of photographs obtained during 1975 U.S. Viking project suggest presence or former presence of permafrost over much of surface of planet.]

GRAY J. T., and PILON, J. Permafrost distribution at Tasiujaq (Leaf Basin) on the south west coast of Ungava Bay, New Québec. Revue de Géographie de Montréal, Vol. 30, No. 4, 1976, p. 367-73. [Presents results of first season's (1975) field work on mapping and study of factors affecting permafrost in this region.]

GROENEVELT, P. H., and KAY, B. D. Water and ice potentials in frozen soils. Water Resources Research, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1977, p. 445-49. HEGINBOTTOM, j. A., and others. Evaluation of regional occurrence of ground ice and frozen ground, Mackenzie Valley, District of Mackenzie. Project 740046. [by] J. A. Heginbottom, P., J. Kurfurst and J. S. O. Lau. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 77-1C, 1977, p. 35-38. [Survey of area north of Fort Simpson, N.W.T., Canada. Distribution of frozen ground and ground ice affected by latitude, soil texture, surface drainage and disturbance, vegetation and slope aspect.] KONDRAT'YEVA, K. A. O povtorno-zhil'nykh l'dakh v raznovozrastnykh otlozheniyakh na r. Ulakhan-Kyuyegyulyur [On veined ice in deposits of various ages in the river Ulakhan-Kyuyegyulyur]. Merzlotnyye Issledovaniya, Vyp. 15, 1976, p. 101-13. [Yakutskaya A.S.S.R.] KURFURST, P. J. Geotechnical study of rock heave, central Arctic Canada. Project 770036. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 77-1C, 1977, p. 33. [Preliminary survey along proposed pipeline route.] MITCHELL, G. F. Periglacial Ireland. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Ser. B, Vol. 280, No. 97a, 1977, p. 199-209. [Draws climatic inferences from fossil periglacial structures.] MOTOVILOV, Yu. G. Chislennoye modelirovaniye protsessa inlil'tratsii vody v merzlyye pochvy [Numerical modelling of the process of water infiltration in frozen soils], Mekorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1977, No. 8, p. 67-75.

[Theoretical and laboratory results compared. English summary, p. 75.] OWENS, E. H., and HARPER, J. R. Frost-table and thaw depths in the littoral zone near Peard Bay, Alaska.

Arctic, Vol. 30, No. 3, 1977, p. 155-68. [Measurements made along four beach profiles on Chukchi Sea coast between 24 May and 29 August 1976.] PALM, E., andTVEITERED, ?. On patterned ground and free convection. Norsk Geografuk Tidsskrift, Bd. 31, Ht. 4. 1977, p. 145-48. [Concludes that regular pattern of polygons and stripes observed in patterned ground suggests occurrence of free convection during genesis of pattern.] ROMANOVSKIY, N. N. Formirovamye poligonal'no-zhiVnykh struktur [The formation of polygonal ice wedge structures], Novosibirsk, "Nauka", 1977. 216 p. [Detailed study.] SINHA, A. K.. Dipole electromagnetic mapping of permafrost terrains : theoretical developments and computer programs. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 77-13, 1977, [iij. [31]

SINHA, A. K. A theoretical study on electromagnetic probing of permafrost terrains. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 10, 1977. p. 2388 401. [Considers question of multifrequency electromagnetic probing by double-dipole system with frequency spread from t kHz to 1 KHz for resolving permafrost layers.]

VORONOV, YE. ?. $$$fior'ha. 1 pyi'yu pri razvedke mestorozhdeniy v tisloviyakh vechnoy mer zloty [The struggle with dust when prospecting for deposits in permafrost conditions}. Moscow, Nedra, 1977. 94 p. [Experiences when mineral prospecting in northern U.S.S.R., where dust is severe problem.] WALKER, H. J., and BKEWEK, M. C. Patterns on the Alaskan tundra. Geographical Magazine, Vol. 50, No. 1, 1977, p. 42-45. [Ice wedge polygons.] WATSON, E. The periglacial environment of Great Britain during the Devensian. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Ser. B, Vol. 280, No. 972, 1977. p. 183-98. [Discusses ice wedge polygons, pingos and thaw lakes as indicators of contemporary permafrost, referring to conditions in Alaska and relating them to temperatures in Great Britain during the Devensian.]

Meteorological and Glimatological Glaciology

BELOV, D. M., and others. Issledovaniye i raschet parametrov kapel'no-bryzgovykh oblakov pri priboye [Sludies and calculations of parameters of water droplets and spray clouds produced by surf]. [By] D. M. Belov. B. P. Yegorov, Ye. A. Avrutov. Problemy Arktiki i Anlarkliki, Vyp. 50, 1977, p. 121-28. [Conditions leading to icing of ships in the Arctic. J COWLEY, ]. E. Quanlilative application of ice climate data to winter navigation studies. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1976, p. 229-38. [Describes specific case of application of ice map data to estimate statistics of delays for vessels of various capabilities.] EFROIMSON, V. O. K raschetu narasteniya l'da [On the calculation of ice accretion]. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1977, No. 8, p. 34-42. [Mathematical analysis. English summary, p. 42.] JUNGE, C. E. Processes responsible for the trace content in precipitation. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977. P· 63-77. [Discusses incorporation of atmospheric trace substances into precipitation (especially snow and ice) within and below clouds and at Earth's surface. Discussion, p. 76-77.] LAX, J. N., and SCHWERDTFEGER, W. Terrain-induced vertical motion and occurrence ?f ice crystal fall at South 'Pole in summer. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. II, No. 3, 1976, p. 144-45. [Concludes that terrain-induced rising of warmest layer of air with corresponding adiabatic cooling is instrumental for occurrence of ice crystal precipitation.] LOMILINA, L, YE. O vliyanii rel'yefa na gololedno-izmorozcvyye otlozheniya [On the effect of relief on glaze ice and rime deposits]. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1977, No. 2, p. 49-55. [Observations over 10-year period show effects of altitude and exposure. English summary, p. 55.] LOVIE, C. Effet de micro-climat en bordure d'un cône d'avalanche, au Nord de Bourg-Saint-Maurice (Savoie).

Revue de Géographie Alpine, Tom. 63, Fasc. 4, 1975, p. 549-53- [Describes effects of microclimate at cone of avalanche during August on cone itself and on vegetation near-by.]

LUNDQVST, J.-E., and UDIN, 1. lee accretion on ships with special emphasis on Baltic conditions. Sveriges Meteoro-logiska och Hydrologiska Institut. Rapporter, Meteorologi ach K’ilmatologi,Nr. 7, 1977,32 p. [General description including factors causing icing. Forecasting and advice on how to avoid or decrease accretion.]

MANABE, S., and HAHN, D, G. Simulation of the tropical climate of an ice age. Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 82, No. 27, 1977, p. 3889 911. [Shown that climate over tropical continents is much drier in ice age simulation than in standard simulation, in agreement with geological evidence. Period of analysis limited to July-August season.]

OHTAKE, T. Source of nuclei of atmospheric ice crystals at the South Pole. Antarctic Journal of the United States. Vol. it, No. 3, 1976, p. 148-49. [Table shows elemental composition of nuclei in 17 ice crystals, date of collection, and size and shape of crystals.]

PAL, S. R.. and CARSWELL, Λ. I. The polarization characteristics of lidar scattering from snnw and ice crystals in the atmosphere. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1977, p. 70-80. [Presents measurements in snow situations near ground level, and on cirrus clouds and on low-lying cumulus clouds encountered during ice pellet showers.]

RANNIE, V. F. A note on the effect of a glacier on the summer thermal climate of an ice-marginal area. Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol. 9, No. 3, 1977, p. 301-04. [Shows development and magnitude of summer air temperature gradients adjacent to Lewis Glacier, Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada, to be dependent on wind direction, wind speed, and ambient temperatures.]

RAYEVSKIY, A. N., arid PROKHORENKO, M. M. Intensivnyye gololedy o obledcneniye provodov na territorii Ukrainy [Heavy glaze ice and icing of wires in the Ukraine]. Meleorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1977, No. 3, p. 59-63. [Severe cases of glaze ice occurring between 1959 and 1975 in the Ukraine are analysed with regard to design of structures and transmission wires and to forecasting. English summary, p. 63.]

REITEK, E. R. The transport of tracers by global circulation systems of the atmosphere. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces,, . . 1975, 1977, p. 53 62. [Defines "lifetime" of atmospheric tracers and applies to "box" models of atmospheric transport processes. More important of these processes are described in detail. Discussion, p. 61-62.]

RORIN, G. DE Q. Ice cores and climatic change. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Ser. B, Vol. 280. No. 972, 1977, p. 143-68. [Deals primarily with use of stable isotope ratios to determine former climate of ice sheets, with reference to Antarctica and Greenland. Suggests last ice age ended 10 ???± I 000 years u.p. with peak at 20 ooo0$$$$3 000 years D.P.]

SALTZMAN, B. Global mass and energy requirements for glacial oscillations and their implications for mean ocean temperature oscillations. Tellus, Vol. 29, No. 3, 1977, p. 205-12. [Develops set of global water mass and energy balance equations and applies to discussion of long-term changes in complete atmosphere-hydrosphere-lithosphere-cryosphere system.]

SCHLAMP, R. J. A numerical investigation of the efficiency with which simple columnar ice crystals collide with supercooled water drops. Dissertation Abstracts International, H, Vol. 38, No. 2, 1977. p. 745-B-46-B. [Numerical investigation of the riming mechanism of cloud glaciation. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, University of California. Los Angeles. 1977. University Microfilms order no. 77-17239.]

SCHRIBKR, G-. and others.$$$ ^ι???"?, ²H/"H and *H measurements un precipitation and air moisture samples from the North Water area, [by] G. Schriber, B. Stauffer and F. Muller. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 182 87. [Part of mesoclimalîc study conducted on snow samples from area between north Greenland and Ellesmere Island with aim of assessing influence of North Water polynya.]

SCIIWEKUTFEOER, P., and WELLES. G. Radiative heat transfer processes in snow and ice. (In Businger.. J. Λ., ed. Meteorological studies at Plateau station, Antarctica. Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, 1977, P· 35-39 (Antarctic Research Series, Vol. 25.)) [Examines transfer of radiative heat in terms of scattering and absorption, relating these processes to physical properties of medium.]

SCHWERDTFEGER, W. Annual temperature and ice condition changes in the Antarctic Peninsula area. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1976, p. 152. [Notes remarkable changes since 1971. Detailed analysis to be published shortly.]

SCHWERDTFEGER, W. Changes of temperature field and ice conditions in the area of the Antarctic Peninsula. Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 104, No. 11, 1976, p. 1441-43. [Concurrent with increase of warm air advection on west side of peninsula since 1970, Marguerite Bay has been free of ice in each of last five summer seasons.]

SHACKLETON N. J., and ()OρDνκε, N. D. Oxygen isotope and palaeomagnetic evidence for early northern hemisphere glaciation. Nature, Vol. 270. No. 5634, 1977. p. 216-19. [Evidence shows glacial-interglacial fluctuations have characterized Earth's climate for past 3.2 million years, before which there was period of stable "interglaeial" or "preglacial" climate. Scale of glaciations increased about 2.5 million years ago.]

SMILEY V. N. and others. Lidar studies for polar regions, [by] V. N. Smiley, J. A. Warburton. B. M. Morley and B. M. Whitcomb. Antarctic Journal of the United States. Vol. 11, No. 3, 1976, p. 145-48. [Measurements made to determine where ice crystals are formed in atmosphere and to study sizes, types, and relative concentrations of crystals under different conditions.!

ZAKHAROV, V. F. Sovremennyye izmeneniya klimata i ikh proyavlcniya v ledovoni rezhirne Arktichesktkh morey [Present-day changes in climate and their manifestation in the ice regime of Arctic seas]. Trudy Arkticheskogo i Antarktkheskogo. Kauchno-lssledovatel'skogo Institute, Tom 319, 1976, p. 33-38. [Effects of lower temperatures in the Arctic during the last 30 years.]

Snow

ADAMS, W. P., and BARR, D. R. The evolution of snowcover in east central Ontario with special reference to the International Field Year for the Great Lakes (IFYGL) and to stratigraphy. Proceedings of the 33rd annual Eastern Snow Conference. 1976. p. 1-21. [Describes development of 1972-73 snow cover at Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, and compares with snow covers of 1970-71 and 1973-74]

ALEKSEYEV, G. A. Opredeleniye raschetnykh kharakteristik snegozapasov i snegotayaniya na vodosborukh rek [Determination of calculated characteristics of snow supplies and snow melt on river watersheds]. Meieoro-logiya i Cidrologiya, 1977, No. 4, p. 82-89. [Takes into account amount of snow in forest, field, and ravine areas of watershed, assessed separately. English summary, p. 89.]

ARMSTRONG, B. R. Avalanche hazard in Ouray County, Colorado. 1877-197G. University of Colorado. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research. Occasional Paper No. 24. 1977, xv, 135 p. [History of avalanche activity in relation to human occupante of northern San Juan Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A.]

ARMSTRONG, B. R.. and ARMSTRONG, R. L. Avalanche atlas, Ouray County, Colorado. University of Colorado. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research. Occasional Paper No. 25, 1977, vi, 132 p. [Provides detailed information on avalanche paths affecting certain roads between town of Ouray and Red Mountain Pass, based on air photographs, maps, and data from 1877 10 1976.]

COLBECK, S. G, An analysis of water flow in dry snow. Water Resources Research, Vol. 12, No. 3, 1976, p. 523-27. [Derives equations and presents examples of flow through ripe, refrozen, and fresh snows.]

COLBECK, S. C. The effects of radiation penetration on snowmelt runoff hydrographs. Proceedings of the 33rd annual Eastern Snow Conference, 1976, p. 73-82. [Shows effect of sub-surface melting on water routing through a snow cover.]

COLDECK, S. C. Tracer movement through snow. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes el impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 255 62. [Simple theory proposed which leads to method by which movements of impurities may be determined easily. Discussion, p. 261-62. ]

DELMAS, R., and POURCHET, M. Utilisation de filtres echangeurs d'ions pour l'étude de l'activité β globale d'un carottage glaciologiqur. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. .1975, 1977, p. 159-63. [Describes simple method of treating samples when measuring gross β activity in snow for determining mean annual accumulation. Based on use of ion exchange filters. Study of ice core from Greenland given as example.]

DOVLAND, H., and ELIASSEN, A. Dry deposition on a snow surface. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 10, No. 9, 1976, p. 783-85. [Estimation of deposition velocities for lead and sulphur. Discussion by J. A. Garland, ibid., No. ii, 1976, p. 1033, with reply by authors.]

DUNNE, T., and others. The generation of runoff from subarctic snowparks, [by] T. Dunne, A. G. Price, S. C. Colbeck. Water Resources Research, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1976, p. 677-85. [Uses physically based model of movement of water through snow-packs to calculate hydrographs generated by diurnal weaves of snow melt on tundra and in boreal forest of sub-Arctic Labrador.]

ESTOQUE, M. A., and NINOMIYA, K. Numerical simulation of Japan Sea effect snowfall. Tellus, Vol. 28, No. 3, 1976, p. 243-53. [Snowfall associated with modification of cold air-mass outbreaks by the Sea of Japan is simulated with simple numerical model. Reasonable agreements with observations.]

FIEBIQER, G. The influence on [sic] relief and vegetation on snow deposition in the Alps with special regard to the effects on skiing areas. Proceedings of the 33rd annual Eastern Snow Conference, 1976, p. 156-62. [Deals with selection of sites for ski trails, their construction and maintenance. ]

GJESSING, Y. Episodic variations of snow contamination of an Arctic snowfield. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 11, No. 7, 1977, p. 643-47- [Distribution with depth of 5 different ions in two corresponding 3 m snow profiles at Nordaustlandet shows close co-variation between ions of presumptively anthropogenic origin and non-correlation between these and ions of marine origin.]

GJESSING, Y. T. The filtering effect of snow. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. 1975, 1977, p. 199-203. [Snow acts as mechanical filter for pariculate content of air, but due to strong winds (e.g. in Antarctica) air volume in snow is constantly replaced. Experiments demonstrate 1 m snow layer is not totally effective filter.]

HENDRICK, R. L., and DEANOELIS, R. J. Seasonal snow accumulation, melt and water input—a New England model. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 15, No. 7, 1976, p. 717-27. [Model derived from watershed data in Vermont and tested over elevation and latitude range found in New England.]

HERRMANN, A. Chemical composition of a polluted snow cover. [Union Géodésique. . Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . 1975, 1977, p. 121-26. [Results of analysis of melt waters of snow cover taken in Munich were compared with those taken from "clean" areas.]

HERRMANN, A. EinflUssc des Alpensiidfohns auf die Schneedcckenentwicklung und das nival gesteuerte Abfluss-geschehen. Polarforschung, Jahrg. 46, Nr. 2, 1976. p. 83-94. I Oiscusses effect of fiihn on development of snow cover, melt water production and mean areal run-off, with example from watershed in Bavarian Alps.]

HIGUCIII, K., and NAGOSHI, A. Effect of paniculate matter in surface snow layers on the albedo of perennial snow patches. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 95 97. [Albedo of snow-patch decreases exponentially with increase of amount of paniculate matter in surface snow layer, which results from concentration of particulate matter in snow layer after melting. Discussion, p. 97.]

ISYIIMOV, N., and MIKITIUK, M. Climatology of snowfall and related meteorological variables with application to roof snow load specifications. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1977, p. 240-56. [Reports on results of study in which statistics of snowfall and related meteorological variables were examined for several Canadian stations, and discusses dependence of roof snow loads on local climatic conditions.]

ISYUMOV, N., and MIKITIUK, M. Climatology of snowfall and related meteorological variables with application 1o roof snow load specifications. Proceedings of the 33rd annual Eastern Snow Conference. 1976, p. 41 69. [Presents mathematical models describing statistics of individual snowfall amounts, wind speed and directions, and air temperature, based on analysis of daily meteorological data obtained at Canadian stations over period of 30 years.]

JOHANNESSEN, M., and others. Acid precipitation in Norway: the regional distribution of contaminants in snow and the chemical concentration processes during snowmelt, [by] M. Johannessen, T. Dale, E, T. Gjessing, A. Henriksen and R. F. Wright. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. lsotopes et impuretés dans Us neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977. p. 116-20. [Very heavy depositions of atmospheric pollutants found in south-east and north Norway. Concentration is 2 to 3 times higher in first melt water fractions than in bulk snow. Discusses effects on fresh-water ecosystems.]

KATô, K... and others. Nankyoku Mizuho Kôgen no yuki no sanso dôitai sosei [Oxygen isotopic composition of snow on Mizuho Plateau, Antarctica]. [By] K. Katô, O. Watanabe, K. Satô. Nankyoku Shirytj: Antarctia Record, No. 58, 1977, p. 263-70. [Discusses daily and seasonal variations. English abstract, p. 263.]

KUALKECHEV, V. A. O roli nachal'nogo impul'sa v obrazovanii laviny iz svezhevypavshego snega [On the role of the initial impulse in formation of an avalanche of freshly-fallen snow]. Mekorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1977. No. 9, p. 62-66. [Initial impulse may be collapse of snow cornice, explosion, etc. Mathematical analysis of its importance. English summary, p. 66.]

KORAYASHI, T., and others. Cubic structure models at the junctions in polycrystalline snow crystals, [by] T. Kobayashi, Y. Furukawa and T. Takahashi and H. Uyeda. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 35, Net. 3, 1976, p. 262-68. [Twinning model proposed to account for $$$70⁰ angle between $$r-axes in such crystals and other features of natural snow crystals.]

LOCKE, C. W., and LOCKE, W. W., III. Little Ice Age snow-cover extent and paleogtaciation thresholds: north-central Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada. Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol. 9, No. 3, 1977, p. 391-300. [Interprets lichen-free areas as relicts of expansion of ice and snow-patches occurring 100 to 350 years O.P. Indicates palaeoglaciation thresholds and palaeoequilibrium-line altitudes were lower than present values by 100 to 400 m]

LYALL, I. T. Spring snowfall in southern Britain, 1966 -75. Journal of Meteorology (Trowbridge), Vol. 2, No. 16, 1977· P.97-102 [Discusses recent increased frequency of snowfall from 17 March onwards.]

MCMURTER, D. G. Ground snow distribution and spring runoff in a partially urbanized basin. Proceedings of the 33rd annual Eastern Snow Conference, 1976, p. 163-71. [Three areas monitored separately in Peterborough. Ontario, Canada, for snow distribution, and monitored jointly for snow melt run-off study.]

NANASAWA, K. Dûô-chinô ni okeru yuki-ekô no tokuchô to kôsetsu yohô [Radar echo patterns classified by synoptic situations for the snowfall forecast for central Hokkaido]. Kishôchô Kenkyû Jiluï: Journal of Meteorological Research, Vol. 27, No. 5, 1975, p. 177—88.

NAZAROV, I, M., and others. Snow cover as an indicator of atmospheric air pollution, [by] I. M, Nazarmv, O. S. Renne and Sh. D. Fridman. [Union Géodésique. . . , ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces….. 1975, 1977· P.416 [Abstract only. Described method for determining pollution.]

PEEL, D. A. Snow accumulation, conductance and temperature inland from Halley Bay. British Antarctic Survey Bulletin, No. 43, 1976, p. 1—13.

PENEL, J., and RUNG, T. Peak runeff simulation in a subarctic region. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1976, p. 555-62. [Due to lack of stream gauging stations, peak (low simulation based cm physical and meteorological parameters was established for proposed Mackenzie Valley Highway between Fort Good Hope and Dempster Highway. Design return period was 50 years.]

RAHOK, U., and LUE, R. C. A year of snow accumulation at Plateau station, (In Businger, J. A., ed. Meteorological studies at Plateau station, Antarctica. Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, 1977, p. 17—26. (Antarctic Research Series, Vol. 25.)) [Stake readings throughout 1967, at intervals averaging 5 clays, and daily density measurements are presented and analysed.]

RICQ-DE BOUAIW, M., and THOMAS, A. Evolution chimique de la neige au sol. [Union Géodésique. . . . ] Symposium. Isotopes et impuretés dans les neiges et glaces.. . . 1975, 1977, p. 248-54. [Na, mainly of marine origin, found only in some layers of snow and is result of wash-out, whereas Ca, originating mostly from soil, was distributed throughout snow. Ca more mobile than Na.]

TOBIASSON, W., and REDFIELD, R. CRREL is developing new snow load design criteria for the United States. Proceedings of the 33rd annual Eastern Snow Conference. 1976, p. 70-72. [Abstract Includes information on Alaska.]

ULADY, F. T., and others. Experiments on the radar backscatter of snow, [by] F. T, Ulaby, W. H. Stiles, L. K. Dellwig and B. C. Hanson. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electronics, Vol. GE-15, No. 4, 1977, p. 185-89. [Preliminary investigation ?Γ angular, spectral and polarization dependence of backscattiering coefficient of snow on select set of snow parameters: depth, density, water equivalent, and temperature.]

WELLER, G., and SCHWERDTFEGER, P. Thermal properties and heat transfer processes of low-temperature snow. (In Businger. J. A., ed. Meteorological studies at Plateau station. Antarctica. Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, 1977, p. 27-34. (Antarctic Research Series, Vol. 25.)) [Temperature measurements in snow at Plateau station during 1967 are analysed by using Fourier methods. Non-conductive processes shown to extend down to C m.]

WIESNET, D. R., and MATSON, M. Satellite record of winter snow cover in North America and Eurasia 1966-1975. Proceedings of the 33rd annual Eastern Snow Conference. 1976. p. 129-44. [Winter season snow and ice charts of the northern hemisphere based on NOAA satellite data were examined to determine duration and extent of snow cover. No significant increase in North America. Large fluctuation in Eurasia.]