Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T16:57:34.832Z Has data issue: true hasContentIssue true
  • English
  • Français

Portuguese or Portuñol? Language contact in Misiones, Argentina

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 April 2017

John M. Lipski
John M. Lipski*
Affiliation:
The Pennsylvania State University
*
*Address for correspondence: John M. Lipski, Department of Spanish, Italian and Portuguese, 231 Burrowes Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U. S. A. 1-814-865-6583 (telephone), 1-814-863-7944 (fax), jlipski@psu.edu
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In the extreme northeastern Argentine province of Misiones, vernacular Portuguese is the primary language of many rural communities, in bilingual contact with Spanish. The present study examines data from Misiones Portuguese and Spanish for evidence of morphosyntactic convergence in the absence of formal schooling in either language or sociolinguistic pressures to produce canonical varieties. Data from a corpus of vernacular Misiones Portuguese and the results of a speeded translation task reveal that even in this sociolinguistically permissive environment bilingual speakers maintain distinct morphosyntactic systems for Portuguese and Spanish (exemplified by nominal plural marking and first-person plural verbal inflection). The data also suggest that bilingual contact alone does not yield the degree of convergence required for the hybrid Portuguese-Spanish morphosyntaxis that has been reported, for example, in northern Uruguay.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Linguistic Geography , Volume 4 , Issue 2 , September 2016 , pp. 47 - 64
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

References

Amable, Hugo. 1975. Las figuras del habla misionera. Santa Fe: Librería y Editorial Colmegna.Google Scholar
Amorim, Jane da Silva. 2007. El fenómeno portuñol practicado por comerciantes brasileños en el área de frontera Brasil-Venezuela: Un estudio macro sociolingüístico. Norte Científico: periódico anual técnico-científico do CEFET-RR 2(1). 169-184.Google Scholar
Azevedo, Milton. 1989. Vernacular features in educated speech in Brazilian Portuguese. Hispania 72 4). 862-872.Google Scholar
Behares, Luis Ernesto. 2005. Uruguai / Brasil: Contribuição ao estudo da heterogeneidade lingüístico-cultural da fronteira sul. Diálogos Possíveis 2. 29-45.Google Scholar
Bernolet, Sarah, Hartsuiker, Robert & Pickering, Martin. 2012. Effects of phonological feedback on the selection of syntax: Evidence from between-language syntactic priming. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 15(3). 503-516.Google Scholar
Bortoni-Ricardo, Stella Maris. 1981. A concordância verbal em português: Um estudo de sua significação social. In Hildo Honório do Couto (ed.), Ensaios de lingüística aplicada ao português, 79-95. Brasília: Thesaurus.Google Scholar
Bortoni-Ricardo, Stella Maris. 1985. The urbanization of rural dialect speakers: A sociolinguistic study in Brazil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Carrasco, Cantos, Pilar. 1981. Contribución al estudio del habla rural de Baeza (Jaén). Jaén: Instituto de Estudios Giennenses.Google Scholar
Carvalho, Ana Maria. 2003a. Rumo a uma definição do Português Uruguaio. Revista Internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana 1(2). 125-149.Google Scholar
Carvalho, Ana Maria. 2003b. The sociolinguistic distribution of (lh) in Uruguyan Portuguese: A case of dialect diffusion. In Silvina Montrul and Francisco Ordóñez (eds.), Linguistic theory and language development in Hispanic languages, 30-44. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Carvalho, Ana Maria. 2004a. I speak like the guys on TV: Palatalization and the urbanization of Uruguayan Portuguese. Language Variation and Change 16(2). 127-151.Google Scholar
Carvalho, Ana Maria. 2004b. Diagnóstico sociolingüístico de comunidades escolares fronterizas en el norte de Uruguay. In Claudia Brovetto and Javier Geymonat (eds.), Portugués del Uruguay y educación bilingüe, 44-96. Montevideo: Administración Nacional de Educación Pública.Google Scholar
Carvalho, Ana Maria. 2006a. Políticas lingüísticas de séculos passados nos dias de hoje: O dilema sobre a educação bilíngüe no norte do Uruguai. Language Problems and Language Planning 30(2). 149-171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carvalho, Ana Maria. 2006b. Nominal number marking in a variety of Spanish in contact with Portuguese. In Timothy L. Face and Carol A. Klee (eds.), Selected Proceedings of the 8th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium, 154-166. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Google Scholar
Daviña, Liliana Silvia. 2003. Fronteras discursivas en una región plurilingüe: Español y portugués en Misiones. Buenos Aires: Universidad de Buenos Aires MA thesis.Google Scholar
Desmet, Timothy & Declercq, Mieke. 2006. Cross-linguistic priming of syntactic hierarchical configuration information. Journal of Memory and Language 54(4). 610-632.Google Scholar
Douglas, Kendra. 2004. Uruguayan Portuguese in Artigas: Tri-dimensionality of transitional local varieties in contact with Spanish and Portuguese standards. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin dissertation.Google Scholar
Elizaincín, Adolfo. 1973. Algunos aspectos de la sociolingüística del dialecto fronterizo. Montevideo: Universidad de la República.Google Scholar
Elizaincín, Adolfo. 1976. The emergence of bilingual dialects on the Brazilian-Uruguayan border. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 9. 123-134.Google Scholar
Elizaincín, Adolfo. 1979. Algunas precisiones sobre los dialectos portugueses en el Uruguay. Montevideo: Universidad de la República.Google Scholar
Elizaincín, Adolfo. 1992. Dialectos en contacto: Español y portugués en España y América. Montevideo: Arca.Google Scholar
Elizaincín, Adolfo & Behares, Luis. 1981. Variabilidad morfosintáctica de los dialectos portugueses del Uruguay. Boletín de Filología (Chile) 31. 401-417.Google Scholar
Elizaincín, Adolfo, Behares, Luis & Barrios, Graciela. 1987. Nos falemo brasilero. Montevideo: Editorial Amesur.Google Scholar
Ferreira, Fernanda. 2001. Variation in Ibero-Romance: A study of /s/ reduction in Brazilian Portuguese in comparison with Caribbean Spanish. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico dissertation.Google Scholar
Guy, Gregory. 1981. Linguistic variation in Brazilian Portuguese: aspects of the phonology, syntax, and language history. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania dissertation.Google Scholar
Guy, Gregory. 2014. Variation and change in Latin American Spanish and Portuguese. In Patrícia Amaral and Ana Maria Carvalho (eds.), Portuguese-Spanishi interfaces: Diachrony, synchrony, and contact, 443-464. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Hartsuiker, Robert, Pickering, Martin & Veltkamp, Eline. 2004. Is syntax separate or shared between languages? Cross linguistic syntactic priming in Spanish-English bilinguals. Psychological Science 15. 409-414.Google Scholar
Hensey, Fritz. 1972. The sociolinguistics of the Brazilian-Portuguese border. La Haya: Mouton.Google Scholar
Hensey, Fritz. 1975. Fronterizo: A case of phonological restructuring. In Jacob Ornstein (ed.), Three essays on linguistic diversity in the Spanish-speaking world, 47-59. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Hensey, Fritz. 1982a. Uruguayan fronterizo: A linguistic sampler. Word 33(1). 93-198.Google Scholar
Hensey, Fritz. 1982b. Spanish, Portuguese and Fronteriço: Languages in contact in northern Uruguay. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 34. 9-23.Google Scholar
Kantola, Leila & van Gompel, Roger. 2011. Between- and within-language priming is the same: Evidence for shared bilingual syntactic representations. Memory and Cognition 39(2). 276-290.Google Scholar
Kaufmann, Göz. 2009. Falar espanhol or hablar portugués: Attitudes and linguistic behavior on the Brazilian-Uruguayan and Brazilian-Argentinian borders. Romanistisches Jahrbuch 60. 276-317.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 1985. Linguistic aspects of Spanish-English language switching . Tempe: Arizona State University, Center for Latin American Studies.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2006. Too close for comfort? The genesis of “portuñol/portunhol.”. In Timothy L. Face and Carol A. Klee (eds.), Selected proceedings of the 8th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium, 1-22. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2008a. Searching for the origins of Uruguayan Fronterizo dialects: Radical code-mixing as “fluent dysfluency.”. Journal of Portuguese Linguistics 8. 5-46.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2008b. Afro-Paraguayan Spanish: The negation of non-existence. Journal of Pan-African Studies 2(7). 2-32.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2009a. “Fluent dysfluency” as congruent lexicalization: A special case of radical code-mixing. Journal of Language Contact 2. 1-39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipski, John. 2009b. El habla de los afroparaguayos: Un nuevo renglón de la identidad étnica. Lexis 33. 91-124.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2010. Depleted plural marking in two Afro-Hispanic dialects: Separating inheritance from innovation. Language Variation and Change 22. 1-44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipski, John. 2011a. Um caso de contato de fronteira: O sudoeste. In Heliana Mello, Cléo, Altenhofen and Tommaso Raso (eds.), Os contatos linguísticos no Brasil, 349-368. Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2011b. Encontros lingüísticos fronteiriços. Ideação 13(2). 83-100, http://e-revista.unioeste.br/index.php/ideacao/article/viewArticle/6109.Google Scholar
Lipski, John. 2015. Portuguese/portuñol in Misiones, Argentina: Another Fronterizo?. In Sandro Sessarego and Melvin González (eds.), New perspectives on Hispanic contact linguistics. Frankfurt & Madrid: Vervuert/Iberoamericana.Google Scholar
Lucchesi, Dante. 1998. A constitução histórica do português brasileiro como um processo bipolarizador: Tendências atuais de mudança nas normas culta e popular. In Sybille Grosse and Klaus Zimmermann (eds.), “Substandard” e mudança no português do Brasil, 73-99. Frankfurt am Main: TFM.Google Scholar
Lucchesi, Dante. 2006. Parâmetros sociolingüísticos do português brasileiro. Revista da ABRALIN 5(1). 83-112.Google Scholar
Maia, Ivene Carissini da. 2004. Intercambios lingüísticos de frontera: incidencia el el hablar de los alumnos del profesorado en portugués de la UNAM. Posadas, Argentina: Universidad Nacional de Misiones MA Thesis.Google Scholar
Marcos Marín, Francisco. 2001. De lenguas y fronteras: El espanglish y el portuñol. Nueva Revista de Política, Cultura y Arte 74 (marzo-abril), 70-79.Google Scholar
Mattos, Shirley Eliany Rocha. 2013. Goiás na primeira pessoa do plural. Brasília: Universidade de Brasília dissertation.Google Scholar
Muysken, Pieter. 2000. Bilingual speech: A typology of code-mixing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Naro, Anthony, Görski, Edair & Fernandes, Eulália. 1999. Change without change. Language Variation and Change 11. 197-211.Google Scholar
Poplack, Shama. 1980. Deletion and disambiguation in Puerto Rican Spanish. Language 56. 371-385.Google Scholar
Poplack, Shama. 1981. The notion of the plural in Puerto Rican Spanish: Competing constraints on (s) deletion. In William Labov (ed.), Locating language in time and space, 55-67. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Rodrigues, Angela C. S.. 1992. Lingua e contexto sociolingüístico, concordância verbal no português popular de São Paulo. In, Publicação do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Lingüística e Língua Portuguesa, no. 2. 153-171. Aranquara: UNESP-Campus de Aranquara.Google Scholar
Rodrigues, Angela C. S.. 2004. Concordância verbal, sociolingüística e história do português brasileiro. Fórum Lingüístico (Florianópolis) 4(1). 111-145.Google Scholar
Rona, José Pedro. 1960. La frontera lingüística entre el portugués y el español en el norte del Uruguay. Veritas 8. 201-219.Google Scholar
Rona, José Pedro. 1969. El dialecto “fronterizo” del norte del Uruguay. Montevideo: Adolfo Linardi.Google Scholar
Rubio, Cássio Florêncio. 2007. Por uma definição da variante estigmatizada na concordância verbal no interior paulista: A atuação da variável gênero/sexo . Estudos Lingüísticos 36(2). 380-388.Google Scholar
Rubio, Cássio Florêncio & Gonçalves, Sebastião Carlos Leite. 2010. Opções metodológicas no estudo de fenômenos variáveis relacionados à primeira pessoa do discurso no plural. Niterói 29. 161-182.Google Scholar
Sanicky, Cristina. 1981. The pronunciation of Spanish in Misiones, Argentina. Davis, California: University of California dissertation.Google Scholar
Scherre, Maria Marta Pereira. 1998a. Sobre a influência de três variáveis relacionadas na concordância nominal em português. In Giselle Machline de Oliveira e Silva and Maria Marta Pereira Scherre (eds.), Padrões sociolingüisticos: Análise de fenômenos variáveis no português falado na cidade de Rio de Janeiro, 85-117. Rio de Janeiro: UFRJ, Departamento de Lingüística e Filologia.Google Scholar
Scherre, Maria Marta Pereira. 1998b. Sobre a influência de variáveis sociais na concordância nominal. In Giselle Machline de Oliveira e Silva and Maria Marta Pereira Scherre (eds.), Padrões sociolingüisticos: Análise de fenômenos variáveis no português falado na cidade de Rio de Janeiro, 239-264. Rio de Janeiro: UFRJ, Departamento de Lingüística e Filologia.Google Scholar
Scherre, Maria Marta Pereira. 1998c. Variação da concordância nominal no português do Brasil: Influência das variáveis posição, classe gramatical e marcas precedentes. In Sybille Grosse and Klaus Zimmermann (ds.), “Substandard” e mudança no português do Brasil, 153-188. Frankfurt am Main: TFM.Google Scholar
Scherre, Maria Marta Pereira. 2001. Phrase-level parallelism effect on noun phrase number agreement. Language Variation and Change 13. 91-107.Google Scholar
Scherre, Maria Marta Pereira & Naro, Anthony. 1991. Marking in discourse: “Birds of a feather.”. Language Variation and Change 3. 23-32.Google Scholar
Scherre, Maria Marta Pereira & Naro, Anthony. 1992. The serial effect on internal and external variables. Language Variation and Change 4. 1-13.Google Scholar
Scherre, Maria Marta Pereira & Naro, Anthony. 1998. Sobre a concordância de número no português falado do Brasil. In Giovanni Ruffino (ed.), Atti del XXI congresso internazionales di Linguistica e Filologia Romanza, sezione 5: Dialettologia, geolinguistica, sociolinguistica, 509-523. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.Google Scholar
Schoonbaert, Sofie, Hartsuiker, Robert & Pickering, Martin. 2007. The representation of lexical and syntactic information in bilinguals: Evidence from syntactic priming. Journal of Memory & Language 56(2). 153-171.Google Scholar
Seara, Izabel Christine. 2000. A variação do sujeto nós e a gente na fala florianopolitana. Organon 14(28/29). 179-194.Google Scholar
Sturza, Eliana Rosa. 1994. O espanhol do cotidiano e o espanhol da escola: um estudo de caso na fronteira Brasil-Argentina. Santa Maria, Brazil: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria MA thesis.Google Scholar
Sturza, Eliana Rosa. 2004. Fronteiras e práticas lingüísticas: Um olhar sobre o portunhol. Revista Internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana 2. 151-160.Google Scholar
Sturza, Eliana Rosa. 2005. Línguas de fronteira: O desconhecido território das práticas lingüísticas nas fronteiras. Ciência e Cultura 57(2). 47-50, http://cienciaecultura.bvs.br/pdf/cic/v57n2/a21v57n2.pdf.Google Scholar
Sturza, Eliana Rosa & Fernandes, I. C.. 2009. A fronteira como novo espaço de representação do espanhol no Brasil. Revista Signo & Seña 20. 209-227.Google Scholar
Waltermire, Mark. 2006. Social and Linguistic Correlates of Spanish-Portuguese Bilingualism on the Uruguayan-Brazilian Border. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico dissertation.Google Scholar
Zilles, Ana Maria Stahl, Maya, Leonardo Zechlinski & da Silva, Karine Quadros. 2005. A concordância verbal com a primeira pessoa do plural em Panambí e Porto Alegre, RS. Organon 14(28/29). 195-219.Google Scholar