Hostname: page-component-669899f699-7tmb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-25T20:59:45.573Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Silurian inverted Barrovian-type metamorphism in the Western Sierras Pampeanas (Argentina): a case of top to bottom heating?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2023

Sebastián O. Verdecchia Open the ORCID record for Sebastián O. Verdecchia [Opens in a new window] ,
Cesar Casquet ,
Edgardo G. Baldo ,
Mariano A. Larrovere ,
Carlos I. Lembo Wuest ,
Manuela E. Benítez ,
Carlos D. Ramacciotti Open the ORCID record for Carlos D. Ramacciotti [Opens in a new window] ,
Juan A. Murra  and
Robert J. Pankhurst
Sebastián O. Verdecchia*
Affiliation:
Centro de investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA, CONICET–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016CGA Córdoba, Argentina
Cesar Casquet
Affiliation:
Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid–CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Edgardo G. Baldo
Affiliation:
Centro de investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA, CONICET–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016CGA Córdoba, Argentina
Mariano A. Larrovere
Affiliation:
Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (Prov. de La Rioja–UNLaR–SEGEMAR–UNCa–CONICET), Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, 5301 Anillaco, Argentina Instituto de Geología y Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Nacional de La Rioja (INGeReN–CENIIT–UNLaR), Avda. Gob. Vernet y Apóstol Felipe, 5300 La Rioja, Argentina
Carlos I. Lembo Wuest
Affiliation:
Centro de investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA, CONICET–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016CGA Córdoba, Argentina
Manuela E. Benítez
Affiliation:
Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA). Instituto de Recursos Minerales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata–CICPBA, Calle 64 esquina 120, 1° piso, C.P. 1900, La Plata, Argentina
Carlos D. Ramacciotti
Affiliation:
Centro de investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA, CONICET–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016CGA Córdoba, Argentina
Juan A. Murra
Affiliation:
Centro de investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA, CONICET–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016CGA Córdoba, Argentina
Robert J. Pankhurst
Affiliation:
Visiting Research Associate, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
*
Author for correspondence: Sebastián O. Verdecchia, Emails: sverdecchia@unc.edu.ar; sverdecchia@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper focuses on one orogenic belt that formed during the Rinconada phase on the final stage of the Famatinian orogeny, between 445 and 410 Ma, which is well exposed at Sierra de Ramaditas and neighbouring ranges in western Argentina. The Ramaditas Complex is formed by metasedimentary and meta-ultrabasic rocks and amphibolites. This complex forms the upper nappe of a thrust stack resulting from westward thrusting. Deformation consists of an early high-temperature S1 foliation (stromatic migmatites), coeval with thrusting and metamorphism. Metamorphism attained peak P–T conditions of 6.0–6.9 kbar and 795–810 °C, at c. 440 Ma, i.e. coincident with the Rinconada orogenic phase. The lower unit and intermediate nappes crop out in the nearby sierras of Maz and Espinal and underwent low- to medium-grade Silurian metamorphism, respectively, together with the upper nappe, defining an inverted Barrovian-type metamorphism with T decreasing and P increasing downwards across the thrust stack (i.e. westward). We argue that the Rinconada orogenic phase developed near the continental margin of SW Gondwana, during a magmatic lull following accretion of the Precordillera terrane to the continental margin at c. 470 Ma. The active margin jumped to the west after accretion, and flat-slab subduction resumed in the early Silurian, provoking thrusting and imbrication of nappe stack under the still hot root (800–900 °C) of the older Famatinian magmatic arc. This ‘hot-iron’ process explains both the inverted Barrovian-type metamorphism and the missing overburden of 21 to 24 km implied by the P estimate.

Keywords

Rinconada orogenic phaseFamatinian orogenyinverted Barrovian-type metamorphism‘hot-iron’ mechanismSW Gondwana marginSierras Pampeanas
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 160 , Issue 5 , May 2023 , pp. 972 - 992
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Aceñolaza, FG and Toselli, AJ (1976) Consideraciones estratigráficas y tectónicas sobre el Paleozoico inferior del Noroeste Argentino. Congreso Latinoamericano de Geología, Caracas, Actas 2, 755–64.Google Scholar
Alasino, PH, Casquet, C, Larrovere, MA, Pankhurst, RJ, Galindo, C, Dahlquist, JA, Baldo, EG and Rapela, CW (2014) The evolution of a mid-crustal termal aureole at Cerro Toro, Sierra de Famatina, NW Argentina. Lithos 190, 154–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2013.12.006 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alasino, PH, Casquet, C, Pankhurst, RJ, Rapela, CW, Dahlquist, JA, Galindo, C, Larrovere, MA, Recio, C, Paterson, SR, Colombo, F and Baldo, EG (2016) Mafic rocks of the Ordovician Famatinian magmatic arc (NW Argentina): new insights into the mantle contribution. Geological Society of America Bulletin 128, 1105–20. https://doi.org/10.1130/B31417.1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alasino, PH, Paterson, SR, Kirsch, M and Larrovere, M.A (2022) The role of crustal thickness on magma composition in arcs: an example from the pre-Andean, South American Cordillera. Gondwana Research 106, 191–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2022.01.009 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnol, JA, Uriz, NJ, Cingolani, CA, Abre, P and Basei, MAS (2022) Provenance evolution of the San Juan Precordillera Silurian-Devonian basin (Argentina): linking with other depocentres in Cuyania terrane. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 115, 103766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103766 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashwal, LD, Tucker, RD and Zinner, EK (1999) Slow cooling of deep crustal granulites and Pb-loss in zircon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 63, 2839–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00166-0 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Astini, RA (1998) El Ordovícico de la región central del Famatina (provincia de La Rioja, Argentina): aspectos estratigráficos, geológicos y geotectónicos. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 53, 445–60.Google Scholar
Astini, RA, Benedetto, JL and Vaccari, EN (1995) The early Paleozoic evolution of the Argentine Precordillera as a Laurentian rifted, drifted and collided terrane: a geodynamic model. Geological Society of America Bulletin 107, 253–73. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107%3C0253:TEPEOT%3E2.3.CO;2 2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Astini, RA and Dávila, FM (2004) Ordovician back arc foreland and Ocloyic thrust belt development on the western Gondwana margin as a response to Precordillera terrane accretion. Tectonics 23, TC4008. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003TC001620 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bahlburg, H (2022) A Silurian-Devonian active margin in the proto-Andes: new data on an old conundrum. International Geology Review 64, 3099–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2021.2012719 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benedetto, JL (1993) La hipótesis de la aloctonía de la Precordillera Argentina: un test estratigráfico y biogeográfico. 12º Congreso Geológico Argentino, Actas 3, 375–84.Google Scholar
Calderón, M, Massonne, HJ, Hervé, F and Theye, T (2017) P–T–time evolution of the Mejillones Metamorphic Complex: insights into Late Triassic to Early Jurassic orogenic processes in northern Chile. Tectonophysics 717, 383–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2017.08.013 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casquet, C, Alasino, P, Galindo, C, Pankhurst, R, Dahlquist, J, Baldo, EB, Ramacciott, C, Verdecchia, S, Larrovere, M, Rapela, CW and Recio, C (2021a) The Faja Eruptiva of the Eastern Puna and the Sierra de Calalaste, NW Argentina: U–Pb zircon chronology of the early Famatinan orogeny. Journal of Iberian Geology 47, 15–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-020-00150-z CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casquet, C, Galindo, C, Rapela, CW, Pankhurst, RJ, Baldo, E, Saavedra, J and Dahlquist, J (2003) Granate con alto contenido de tierras raras pesadas (HREE) y una elevada relación Sm/Nd, en pegmatitas de la Sierra de Valle Fértil (Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina). Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Mineralogía 26-A, 133–4.Google Scholar
Casquet, C, Hervé, F, Pankhurst, RJ, Baldo, E, Calderón, M, Fanning, CM, Rapela, CW and Dahlquist, J (2014) The Mejillonia suspect terrane (Northern Chile): Late Triassic fast burial and metamorphism of sediments in a magmatic arc environment extending into the Early Jurassic. Gondwana Research 25, 1272–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2013.05.016 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casquet, C, Pankhurst, RJ, Rapela, CW, Galindo, C, Fanning, CM, Chiaradia, M, Baldo, E, González-Casado, JM and Dahlquist, J (2008) The Mesoproterozoic Maz Terrane in the Western Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina, equivalent to the Arequipa-Antofalla block of southern Peru? Implications for West Gondwana margin evolution. Gondwana Research 13, 163–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2007.04.005 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casquet, C, Ramacciotti, C, Larrovere, MA, Verdecchia, S, Murra, J, Baldo, EG, Pankhurst, RJ and Rapela, CW (2021b) The Rinconada phase: a regional tectono-metamorphic event of Silurian age in the pre-Andean basement of Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Science 111, 103432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103432 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casquet, C, Rapela, CW, Pankhurst, RJ, Baldo, EG, Galindo, C, Fanning, CM, Dahlquist, JA and Saavedra, J (2012) A history of Proterozoic terranes in southern South America: from Rodinia to Gondwana. Geoscience Frontiers 3, 137–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2011.11.004 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casquet, C, Rapela, CW, Pankhurst, RJ, Fanning, M, Baldo, E, González-Casado, JM, Galindo, C and Dahlquist, JA (2006) U-Pb SHRIMP zircon dating of Grenvillian metamorphism in Western Sierras Pampeanas (Argentina): correlation with the Arequipa–Antofalla craton and constraints on the extent of the Precordillera Terrane. Gondwana Research Letters 9, 524–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2005.12.004 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casquet, C, Rapela, CW, Pankhurst, RJ, Galindo, C, Dahlquist, J, Baldo, EG, Saavedra, J, Gonzalez Casado, JM and Fanning, M (2005) Grenvillian massif-type anorthosites in the Sierras Pampeanas (Argentina). Journal of the Geological Society of London 162, 9–12. https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-764904-100 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castro, A, Díaz-Alvarado, J and Fernández, C (2014) Fractionation and incipient self-granulitization during deep-crust emplacement of Lower Ordovician Valle Fértil batholith at the Gondwana active margin of South America. Gondwana Research 25, 685–706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2012.08.011 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castro de Machuca, B, Arancibia, G, Morata, D, Belmar, M, Previley, L and Pontoriero, S (2008) P-T-t evolution of an Early Silurian medium-grade shear zone on the west side of the Famatinian magmatic arc, Argentina: implications for the assembly of the Western Gondwana margin. Gondwana Research 13, 216–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2007.05.005 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castro de Machuca, B, Delpino, S, Previley, L, Mogessie, A and Bjerg, E (2012) Tectono-metamorphic evolution of a high- to medium-grade ductile deformed metagabbro/metadiorite from the Arenosa Creek Shear Zone, Western Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina. Journal of Structural Geology 42, 261–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2012.04.010 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cawood, PA (2005) Terra Australis Orogen: Rodinia breakup and development of the Pacific and Iapetus margins of Gondwana during the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic. Earth-Science Reviews 69, 249–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2004.09.001 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cawood, PA, Kröner, A, Collins, WJ, Kusky, TM, Mooney, WD and Windley, BF (2009). Accretionary orogens through Earth history. In Earth Accretionary Systems in Space and Time (eds PA Cawood and A Kröner), pp. 1–36. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 318. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP318.1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coggon, R and Holland, TJB (2002) Mixing properties of phengitic micas and revised garnet-phengite thermobarometers. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 20, 683–96. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2002.00395.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colombo, F, Baldo, EG, Casquet, C, Pankhurst, RJ, Galindo, C, Rapela, CW, Dahlquist, JA and Fanning, M (2009) A-type magmatism in the Sierras of Maz and Espinal: a new record of Rodinia break-up in the Western Sierras Pampeanas of Argentina. Precambrian Research 175, 77–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cristofolini, EA, Otamendi, JE, Walker, BA Jr, Tibaldi, AM, Armas, P, Bergantz, GW and Martino, RD (2014) A Middle Paleozoic shear zone in the Sierra de Valle Fértil, Argentina: records of a continent-arc collision in the Famatinian margin of Gondwana. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 56, 170–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2014.09.010 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlquist, JA, Galindo, C, Pankhurst, RJ, Rapela, CW, Alasino, PH, Saavedra, J and Fanning, CM (2007) Magmatic evolution of the Peñón Rosado granite: petrogenesis of garnet-bearing granitoids. Lithos 95, 177–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2006.07.010 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlquist, JA, Morales Cámera, MM, Alasino, PH, Pankhurst, RJ, Basei, MAS, Rapela, CW, Galindo, C, Moreno, JA and Baldo, EG (2021). A review of Devonian–Carboniferous magmatism in the central region of Argentina, pre-Andean margin of SW Gondwana. Earth-Science Reviews 221, 103781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103781 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlquist, JA, Pankhurst, RJ, Gaschnig, RM, Rapela, CW, Casquet, C, Alasino, PH, Galindo, C and Baldo, EG (2013) Hf and Nd isotopes in Early Ordovician to Early Carboniferous granites as monitors of crustal growth in the Proto-Andean margin of Gondwana. Gondwana Research 23, 1617–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2012.08.013 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlquist, JA, Pankhurst, RJ, Rapela, CW, Galindo, C, Alasino, P, Fanning, CM, Saavedra, J and Baldo, E (2008) New SHRIMP U-Pb data from the Famatina complex: constraining Early–Mid Ordovician Famatinian magmatism in the Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina. Geologica Acta 6, 319–33. https://doi.org/10.1344/105.000000260 Google Scholar
de Capitani, C and Brown, TH (1987) The computation of chemical equilibrium in complex systems containing non-ideal solutions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51, 2639–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90145-1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Capitani, C and Petrakakis, K (2010) The computation of equilibrium assemblage diagrams with Theriak/Domino software. American Mineralogist 95, 1006–16. https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2010.3354 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deer, WA, Howie, RA and Zussman, J (2013) An Introduction to the Rock Forming Minerals, 3rd edn,. London: Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 505 pp. https://doi.org/10.1180/DHZ CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delpino, S, Bjerg, E, Mogessie, A, Schneider, I, Gallien, F, Castro de Machuca, B, Previley, L, Meissl, E, Pontoriero, S and Kostadinoff, J (2008) Mineral deformation mechanisms in granulite facies, Sierra de Valle Fértil, San Juan province, Argentina: development conditions constrained by the P-T metamorphic path. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 63, 21–35.Google Scholar
Dennis, JG, Price, RA, Sales, JK, Hatcher, R, Bally, AW, Perry, WJ, Laubscher, HP, Williams, RE, Elliott, D, Norris, DK, Hutron, DW and Emmett, T (1981) What is a thrust? What is a nappe? In Thrust and Nappe Tectonics (ed. KR McClay), pp. 7–9. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 9, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.02 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewey, JF (2005) Orogeny can be very short. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102, 15286–93. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0505516102 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dewey, JF and Ryan, PD (2016) Connemara: its position and role in the Grampian Orogeny. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, 1246–57. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2015-0125 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diener, JFA and Powell, R (2012) Revised activity–composition models for clinopyroxene and amphibole. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 30, 131–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2011.00959.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diener, JFA, Powell, R, White, RW and Holland, TJB (2007) A new thermodynamic model for clino- and orthoamphiboles in the system Na2O-CaO-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-O. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 25, 631–56. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2007.00720.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Droop, GTR (1987) A general equation for estimating Fe3+ concentrations in ferromagnesian silicates and oxides from microprobe analyses, using stoichiometric data. Mineralogical Magazine 51, 431–5. https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1987.051.361.10 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ducea, MN, Bergantz, GW, Crowley, JL and Otamendi, J (2017) Ultrafast magmatic build up and diversification to produce continental crust during subduction. Geology 45, 235–8. https://doi.org/10.1130/G38726.1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ducea, MN, Otamendi, J, Bergantz, GW, Jianu, D and Petrescu, L (2015) The origin and petrologic evolution of the Ordovician Famatinian-Puna arc. In Geodynamics of a Cordilleran Orogenic System: The Central Andes of Argentina and Northern Chile (eds DeCelles, PG, Ducea, MN, Carrapa, B and Kapp, PA), pp. 125–38. Geological Society of America Memoir 212. https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.1212(07) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fauqué, L, Limarino, C, Vujovich, G, Fernandes, LAD, Cegarra, M and Ecosteguy, L (2004) Hoja Geológica 2969-IV Villa Unión, La Rioja y San Juan, Boletin No. 345. Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales (Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino).Google Scholar
Flowers, RM, Bowring, SA, Tulloch, AJ and Klepeis, KA (2005) Tempo of burial and exhumation within the deep roots of a magmatic arc, Fiordland, New Zealand. Geology 33, 17–20. https://doi.org/10.1130/G21010.1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galindo, C, Murra, J, Baldo, E, Casquet, C, Rapela, CW, Pankhurst, RJ and Dahlquist, J (2004) Sm-Nd dating of metamorphism of the Sierra de las Imanas (Sierras Pampeanas Occidentales, Argentina). Geogaceta 35, 75–8.Google Scholar
Galindo, G, Pankhurst, RJ, Casquet, C, Baldo, E, Rapela, CW and Saavedra, J (1996) Constraints on the age and genesis of Sierra de Valle Fértil pegmatites (Western Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina). XIII Congreso Geológico Argentino y III Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Actas 5, 333 pp.Google Scholar
Gallien, F, Mogessie, A, Bjerg, E, Delpino, S and Castro de Machuca, B (2009) Contrasting fluid evolution of granulite facies marbles: implications for a high-T intermediate-P terrain in the Famatinian Range, San Juan, Argentina. Mineralogy and Petrology 95, 135–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-008-0026-1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallien, F, Mogessie, A, Bjerg, E, Delpino, S, Castro de Machuca, B, Thöni, M and Klötzli, U (2010) Timing and rate of granulite facies metamorphism and cooling from multimineral chronology on migmatitic gneisses, Sierras de La Huerta and Valle Fértil, NW Argentina. Lithos 114, 229–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2009.08.011 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallien, F, Mogessie, A, Hauzenberger, CA, Bjerg, E, Delpino, S and Castro De Machuca, B (2012) On the origin of multi-layer coronas between olivine and plagioclase at the gabbro–granulite transition, Valle Fértil–La Huerta Ranges, San Juan Province, Argentina. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 30, 281–301. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2011.00967.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galliski, MA, von Quadt, A and Márquez-Zavalía, MF (2021) LA-ICP-MS U–Pb columbite ages and trace-element signatura from rare-element granitic pegmatites of the Pampean Pegmatite Province, Argentina. Lithos 386–387, 106001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106001 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ganguly, J, Tirone, M and Hervig, RL (1998) Diffusion kinetics of samarium and neodymium in garnet, and a method of determining cooling rates of rocks. Science 281, 805–7. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5378.805 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, ECR, Holland, TJB and Powell, R (2007) An order-disorder model for omphacitic pyroxenes in the system jadeite-diopside-hedenbergite-acmite, with applications to eclogitic rocks. American Mineralogist 92, 1181–9. https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2007.2401 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawthorne, FC, Oberti, R, Harlow, GE, Maresch, WV, Martin, RF, Schumacher, JC and Welch, MD (2012) IMA Report: Nomenclature of the amphibole supergroup. American Mineralogist 97, 2031–48. https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2012.4276 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, TJB, Baker, JM and Powell, R (1998). Mixing properties and activity: composition relationships of chlorites in the system MgO-FeO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O. European Journal of Mineralogy 10, 395–406. https://doi.org/10.1127/ejm/10/3/0395 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, TJB and Powell, R (1998) An internally consistent thermodynamic dataset for phases of petrological interest. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 16, 309–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1998.00140.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, TJB and Powell, R (2003) Activity-composition relations for phases in petrological calculations: an asymmetric multicomponent formulation. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 145, 492–501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-003-0464-z CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, MRW and Strachan, RA (2006) A discussion of possible heat sources during nappe stacking: the origin of Barrovian metamorphism within the Caledonian Thrust Sheets of NW Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society 163, 579–82. https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-764920-168 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, T, Yakymchuk, C and Brown, M (2021) Crustal melting and suprasolidus phase equilibria: from first principles to the state-of-the-art. Earth-Science Reviews 221, 103778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103778 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, TE, Gibson, RL, Brown, M, Buick, IS and Cartwright, I (2003) Partial melting of metapelitic rocks beneath the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Journal of Petrology 44, 789–813. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/44.5.789 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, M and Lehnert, O (1998) The Rio Sassito sedimentary succession (Ordovician): a pinpoint in the geodynamic evolution of the Argentine Precordillera. Geologsche Rundschau 87, 326–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s005310050213 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kilmurray, JO and Dalla Salda, L (1971) Las fases de deformación y metamorfismo en la sierra de Maz, provincia de La Rioja, República Argentina. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 26, 245–63.Google Scholar
Lanari, P, Vidal, O, De Andrade, V, Dubacq, B, Lewin, E, Grosch, E and Schwartz, S (2014) XMapTools: a MATLAB©-based program for electron microprobe X-ray image processing and geothermobarometry. Computers & Geosciences 62, 227–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2013.08.010 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larrovere, MA, de los Hoyos, CR, Willner, AP, Verdecchia, SO, Baldo, EG, Casquet, C, Basei, MA, Hollanda, MH, Roche, S, Alasino, P and Moreno, GG (2020) Mid-crustal deformation in a continental margin orogen: structural evolution and timing of the Famatinian Orogeny, NW Argentina. Journal of the Geological Society of London 177, 233–57. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2018-230 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Fort, P (1975) Himalayas: The collided range. present knowledge of the continental arc. American Journal of Science 275-A, 1–44.Google Scholar
Lister, G and Forster, M (2009) Tectonic mode switches and the nature of orogenesis. Lithos 113, 274–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2008.10.024 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Locock, AJ (2014) An Excel spreadsheet to classify chemical analyses of amphiboles following the IMA 2012 recommendations. Computers & Geosciences 62, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2013.09.011 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucassen, F and Becchio, R (2003) Timing of high-grade metamorphism: Early Palaeozoic U- Pb formation ages of titanite indicate long-standing high-T conditions at the western margin of Gondwana (Argentina, 26–29°S). Journal of Metamorphic Geology 21, 649–62. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2003.00471.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucassen, F, Becchio, R and Franz, G (2011) The Early Palaeozoic high-grade metamorphism at the active continental margin of West Gondwana in the Andes (NW Argentina/N Chile). International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geol Rundsch) 100, 445–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-010-0585-3 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, EL, Collins, WJ and Spencer, CJ (2019) Laurentian origin of the Cuyania suspect terrane, western Argentina, confirmed by Hf isotopes in zircon. Geological Society of America Bulletin 132, 273–90. https://doi.org/10.1130/B35150.1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonough, MR, Ramos, VA, Isachsen, CE, Bowring, SA and Vujovich, GI (1993) Edades preliminares de circones del basamento de la Sierra de Pie de Palo, Sierras Pampeanas occidentales de San Juán: sus implicancias para el supercontinente proterozoico de Rodinia. 12° Congreso Geológico Argentino, Actas 3, 340–2.Google Scholar
McLaren, S, Sandiford, M and Hand, M (1999) High radiogenic heat-producing granites and metamorphism: an example from the Mount Isa inlier, Australia. Geology 27, 679–82. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027%3C0679:HRHPGA%3E2.3.CO;2 2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Möller, A, Mezger, K and Schenk, V (2000) U-Pb dating of metamorphic minerals: Pan-African metamorphism and prolonged slow cooling of high pressure granulites in Tanzania, East Africa. Precambrian Research 104, 123–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(00)00086-3 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moya, MC (2015) La “Fase Oclóyica” (Ordovícico Superior) en el noroeste argentino. Interpretación histórica y evidencias en contrario. Serie Correlación Geológica 31, 73–110.Google Scholar
Otamendi, J, Ducea, M and Bergantz, G (2012). Geological, petrological and geochemical evidence for progressive construction of an arc crustal section, Sierra de Valle Fértil, Famatinian Arc, Argentina. Journal of Petrology 53, 761–800. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egr079 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otamendi, J, Ducea, M, Tibaldi, A, Bergantz, G, de la Rosa, J and Vujovich, G (2009) Generation of tonalitic and dioritic magmas by coupled partial melting of gabbroic and metasedimentary rocks within the deep crust of the Famatinian magmatic arc, Argentina. Journal of Petrology 50, 841–73. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egp022 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otamendi, JE, Cristofolini, EA, Morosini, A, Armas, P and Tibaldi, AM (2020) The geodynamic history of the Famatinian arc, Argentina: a record of exposed geology over the type section (latitudes 27°–33°). Journal of South American Earth Sciences 100, 102558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102558 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otamendi, JE, Tibaldi, AM, Vujovich, GI and Viñao, GA (2008) Metamorphic evolution of migmatites from the deep Famatinian arc crust exposed in Sierras Valle Fértil–La Huerta, San Juan, Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 25, 313–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2007.09.001 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pankhurst, RJ and Rapela, CW (1998) The Proto-Andean margin of Gondwana: an introduction. In The Proto-Andean Margin of Gondwana (eds Pankhurst, RJ and Rapela, CW), pp. 1–9. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 142. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.142.01.01 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pankhurst, RJ, Rapela, CW and Fanning, CM (2000) Age and origin of coeval TTG, I- and S-type granites in the Famatinian belt of NW Argentina. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 91, 151–68. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300007343 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patiño Douce, AE (2005) Vapor-absent melting of tonalite at 15-32 kbar. Journal of Petrology 46, 275–90. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egh071 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Platt, JP (2015) Influence of shear heating on microstructurally defined plate boundary shear zones. Journal of Structural Geology 79, 80–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2015.07.009 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porcher, CC, Fernandes, LAD, Vujovich, GI and Chernicoff, CJ (2004) Thermobarometry, Sm/Nd ages and geophysical evidence for the location of the suture zone between Cuyania and the western Proto-Andean margin of Gondwana. Gondwana Research 7, 1057–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1342-937X(05)71084-4 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powell, R and Holland, T (1994). Optimal geothermometry and geobarometry. American Mineralogist 79, 120–33.Google Scholar
Powell, R and Holland, TJB (2008) On thermobarometry. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 26, 155–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2007.00756.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramacciotti, CD, Casquet, C, Baldo, EG, Alasino, PH, Galindo, C and Dahlquist, JA (2020) Late Cambrian – Early Ordovician magmatism in the Sierra de Pie de Palo, Sierras Pampeanas (Argentina): implications for the early evolution of the proto-Andean margin of Gondwana. Geological Magazine 157, 321–39. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756819000748 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramacciotti, CD, Casquet, C, Baldo, EG, Pankhurst, RJ, Verdecchia, SO, Fanning, CM and Murra, JA (2022) The Maz Metasedimentary Series (Western Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina): a relict basin of the Columbia supercontinent? Geological Magazine 159, 309–21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756821000935 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramos, VA (1988) Late Proterozoic-early Paleozoic of South America: a collisional history. Episodes 11, 168–74. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/1988/v11i3/003 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramos, VA (2004) Cuyania, an exotic block to Gondwana: review of a historical success and the present problems. Gondwana Research 7, 1009–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1342-937X(05)71081-9 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramos, VA (2009) Anatomy and global context of the Andes: main geologic features and the Andean orogenic cycle. Memoir of the Geological Society of America 204, 31–65. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_00721069_v204_n_p31_Ramos CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramos, VA (2018) The Famatinian orogen along the protomargin of Western Gondwana: evidence for a nearly continuous Ordovician magmatic arc between Venezuela and Argentina. In The Evolution of the Chilean-Argentinean Andes (eds Folguera, A, Contreras-Reyes, E, Heredia, N, Encinas, A, Iannelli, SB, Oliveros, V, Dávila, FM, Collo, G, Giambiagi, L, Maksymowicz, A, Iglesia Llanos, MP, Turienzo, M, Naipauer, M, Orts, D, Litvak, VD, Alvarez, O and Arrigada, C), pp. 133–61. Springer Earth System Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67774-3_6 Google Scholar
Ramos, VA, Cristallini, E and Pérez, DJ (2002) The Pampean flat-slab of the Central Andes. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 15, 59–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-9811(02)00006-8 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rapela, C, Pankhurst, RJ, Casquet, C, Baldo, E, Galindo, C, Fanning, CM and Dahlquist, J (2010) The Western Sierras Pampeanas: protracted Grenville-age history (1330-1030 Ma) of intra-oceanic arcs, subduction-accretion at continental-edge and AMCG intraplate magmatism. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 29, 105–27. http://10.1016/j.jsames.2009.08.004 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rapela, CW, Pankhurst, RJ, Casquet, C, Baldo, E, Saavedra, J, Galindo, C and Fanning, CM (1998) The Pampean orogeny of the southern proto-Andes: evidence for Cambrian continental collision in the Sierras de Córdoba. In The Proto-Andean Margin of Gondwana (eds Pankhurst, RJ and Rapela, CW), pp. 181–217. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rapela, CW, Pankhurst, RJ, Casquet, C, Dahlquist, JA, Fanning, CM, Baldo, EG, Galindo, C, Alasino, P, Ramacciotti, C, Verdecchia, SO, Murra, JA and Basei, M (2018) A review of the Ordovician Famatinian orogeny in southern South America: evidence of lithosphere reworking and continental subduction in the early proto-Andean margin of Gondwana. Earth-Science Reviews 187, 259–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.10.006 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, PD and Dewey, JF (2019) The sources of metamorphic heat during collisional orogeny: the Barrovian enigma. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, 1309–17. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2018-0182 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sawyer, EW (2008) Atlas of Migmatites . Canadian Mineralogist Special Publication 9. Ottawa: NRC Research Press, 371 pp. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660197876 Google Scholar
Segovia-Díaz, E, Casquet Martin, C, Baldo, EG and Galindo, C (2012) Determinación de las condiciones P-T del metamorfismo Famatiniano (470-430 Ma) mediante pseudosección en metabasitas de la Sierra del Espinal (Sierras Pampeanas Occidentales, Argentina). Geogaceta 52, 41–4.Google Scholar
Siegesmund, S, Steenken, A, Martino, RD, Wemmer, K, López de Luchi, MG, Frei, R, Presnyakov, S and Guereschi, A (2010) Time constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas (Central Argentina). International Journal of Earth Sciences 99, 1199–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-009-0471-z CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tajčmanová, L, Connolly, JAD and Cesare, B (2009) A thermodynamic model for titanium and ferric iron solution in biotite. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 27, 153–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2009.00812.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tholt, A (2018) Metamorphic Evolution of the Sierra de Maz: Implications for the Timing of Terrane Accretion on the Western Margin of Gondwana. Bellingham, Washington: Western Washington Graduate School Collection 713. 80 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tholt, A, Mulcahy, SR, McClelland, WC, Roeske, SM, Meira, VT, Webber, P, Houlihan, E, Coble, MA and Vervoort, JD (2021) Metamorphism of the Sierra de Maz and implications for the tectonic evolution of the MARA terrane. Geosphere 17, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02268.1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, WA and Astini, RA (1996) The Argentine Precordillera: a traveler from the Ouachita Embayment of North American Laurentia. Science 273, 752–7. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.273.5276.752 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, WA and Astini, RA (2003) Ordovician accretion of the Argentine Precordillera terrane to Gondwana: a review. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 16, 67–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-9811(03)00019-1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tibaldi, A, Otamendi, J, Cristofolini, E, Baliani, I, Walker, B Jr and Bergantz, G (2013). Reconstruction of the Early Ordovician Famatinian arc through thermobarometry in lower and middle crustal exposures, Sierra de Valle Fertil, Argentina. Tectonophysics 589, 151–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.12.032 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tibaldi, A, Otamendi, J, Cristofolini, E, Vujovich, G and Martino, R (2009) Condiciones de formación de gabros y migmatitas derivadas de rocas máficas en el centro de la Sierra de Valle Fértil: implicancias en la constitución del arco Famatiniano. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 65, 487–503.Google Scholar
Tohver, E, Cawood, PA, Rossello, EA and Jourdan, F (2012) Closure of the Clymene Ocean and formation of West Gondwana in the Cambrian: evidence from the Sierras Australes of the southernmost Rio de la Plata craton, Argentina. Gondwana Research 21, 394–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2011.04.001 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van der Lelij, R, Spikings, R, Ulianov, A, Chiaradia, M and Mora, A (2016) Palaeozoic to Early Jurassic history of the northwestern corner of Gondwana, and implications for the evolution of the Iapetus, Rheic and Pacific Oceans. Gondwana Research 31, 271–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2015.01.011 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verdecchia, SO, Ramacciotti, CD, Casquet, C, Baldo, EG, Murra, JA and Pankhurst, RJ (2022) Late Famatinian (440-410 Ma) overprint of Grenvillian metamorphism in Grt-St schists from the Sierra de Maz (Argentina): phase equilibrium modelling, geochronology and tectonic significance. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 8, 1347–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmg.12677 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vielzeuf, D and Schmidt, MW (2001) Melting relations in hydrous systems revisited: application to metapelites, metagreywackes and metabasalts. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 141, 251–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100100237 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voldman, GG, Alonso, JL, Fernández, LP, Ortega, G, Albanesi, GL, Banchig, AL and Cardó, R (2018) Tips on the SW-Gondwana margin: Ordovician conodont-graptolite biostratigraphy of allochthonous blocks in the Rinconada mélange, Argentine Precordillera. Andean Geology 45, 399–409. https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeoV45n3-3095 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vujovich, GI and Kay, SM (1996) Evidencias geoquímicas del origen y ambiente geológico de las rocas metamórficas de composición máfica a intermedia de las Sierras Pampeanas Occidentales. XIII Congreso Geológico Argentino y III Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Buenos Aires, Actas 5, 273–91.Google Scholar
Vujovich, GI, Porcher, CC, Chernicofff, CJ, Fernández, LAD and Pérez, D (2005) Extremo norte del basamento de terreno Cuyania: nuevos aportes multidisciplinario para su identificación. In Geología de la Provincia de la Rioja (eds Dahlquist, J, Baldo, E and Alasino, P), pp. 15–38. Asociación Geológica Argentina, Serie D, 8. Buenos Aires. ISSN 0328-2767.Google Scholar
Webber, PM (2018) Terrane accretion and translation on the western margin of Gondwana. MS thesis, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 230 pp. Published thesis. http://doi.org/10.17077/etd.0ymp2eynViewShareExport CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinberg, RF, Becchio, R, Farias, P, Suzaño, N and Sola, A (2018) Early Paleozoic accretionary orogenies in NW Argentina: growth of West Gondwana. Earth-Science Reviews 187, 219–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.10.001 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, RW, Pomroy, NE and Powell, R (2005) An in-situ metatexite-diatexite transition in upper amphibolite facies rocks from Broken Hill, Australia. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 23, 579–602. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2005.00597.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, RW, Powell, R and Clarke, GL (2002) The interpretation of reaction textures in Fe-rich metapelitic granulites of the Musgrave block, central Australia: constraints from mineral equilibria calculations in the system K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-TiO2-Fe2O3 . Journal of Metamorphic Geology 20, 41–55. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0263-4929.2001.00349.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, RW, Powell, R and Holland, TJB (2007) Progress relating to calculation of partial melting equilibria for metapelites and felsic gneisses. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 25, 511–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2007.00711.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, RW, Powell, R, Holland, TJB and Worley, BA (2000) The effect of TiO2 and Fe2O3 on metapelitic assemblages at greenschist and amphibolite facies conditions: mineral equilibria calculations in the system K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-TiO2-Fe2O3 . Journal of Metamorphic Geology 18, 497–511. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2000.00269.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitney, DL and Evans, BW (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist 95, 185–7. https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2010.3371 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittington, A, Hofmeister, A and Nabelek, P (2009) Temperature-dependent thermal diffusivity of the Earth’s crust and implications for magmatism. Nature 458, 319–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07818 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Willner, AP, Gerdes, A, Massone, HJ, Schmidt, A, Sudo, M, Thomson, SN and Vujovich, G (2011) The geodynamics of collision of a microplate (Chilenia) in Devonian times deduced by the pressure-temperature-time evolution within part of a collisional belt (Guarguaraz Complex, W Argentina). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 162, 303–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-010-0598-8 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Verdecchia et al. supplementary material

Table S1

Download Verdecchia et al. supplementary material(File)
File 66.6 KB