Abbreviations
- AFL-CIO
American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations
- AFSCME
American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees
- AMA
American Medical Association
- APA
American Psychiatric Association
- CES
Certificat d’études supérieures (Certificate of graduate study)
- CFDT
Confédération française démocratique du travail (French Democratic Confederation of Labor)
- CGT
Confédération générale du travail (General Confederation of Labor)
- CHS
Centre hospitalier spécialisé (Specialty hospital)
- CHU
Centre hospitalier universitaire (Academic hospital)
- CMHC
community mental health center
- CSMF
Confédération des syndicats médicaux français (Confederation of French Medical Trade Unions)
- DDASS
Direction départementale des affaires sanitaires et sociales (Département-level agency for health and social affairs)
- FO
Force ouvrière (Workers’ Force)
- GDP
gross domestic product
- IMD
institutions for mental disease
- IMD Exclusion
Medicaid provision that prohibits payment to IMDs
- ISP
Infirmier de secteur psychiatrique (Psychiatric sector nurse)
- KS
Kommunenes Sentralforbund (Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities)
- LSS
Lag om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade (Law on support and services for certain disabled persons)
- NOK
Norwegian krone
- NOU
Norsk offentlig utredning (Norwegian government official report)
- OECD
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- SEK
Swedish krona
- SKTF
Sveriges kommunaltjänstemannaförbund (Swedish Municipal Employees Union)
- SOU
Statlig offentlig utredning (Swedish government official report)
- SS(D)I
Social Security (Disability) Insurance
- Syndicat
Syndicat des médecins des hôpitaux psychiatriques (Trade Union of Psychiatric Hospital Physicians)
- USD
United States dollar
- WHO
World Health Organization
- YAVIS
young, attractive, verbal, intelligent, and successful (per Schofield Reference Schofield1964)