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Age matters: variations in parasitoid diversity along a successional gradient in a dry semi-deciduous tropical forest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 August 2023

Alejandra González-Moreno Open the ORCID record for Alejandra González-Moreno [Opens in a new window] ,
Santiago Bordera ,
Horacio Ballina-Gómez Open the ORCID record for Horacio Ballina-Gómez [Opens in a new window]  and
Jorge Leirana-Alcocer Open the ORCID record for Jorge Leirana-Alcocer [Opens in a new window]
Alejandra González-Moreno*
Affiliation:
División de estudios de posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Conkal, Mexico
Santiago Bordera
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
Horacio Ballina-Gómez
Affiliation:
División de estudios de posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Conkal, Mexico
Jorge Leirana-Alcocer
Affiliation:
Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, México
*
Corresponding author: Alejandra González-Moreno; Email: alejandra.gonzalez@itconkal.edu.mx; gonzalezmoreale@gmail.com
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Abstract

Parasitoids are an important group of insects because their species number is among the highest. Multiple studies have addressed the relationships between forest successional age and insect diversity by focusing on herbivorous organisms, but changes in diversity of parasitoids are still poorly known. This work analyses the diversity of parasitoids in tropical forests representing three successional stages. A total of 30 traps were placed, ten in each forest successional stages. We estimated true diversity of Ichneumonidae species and guilds and explored the relationship between their diversity and the abundance of plant species using an Indicator Species Analysis; the relationship between parasitoid species and plant richness and abundance was tested using a Redundancy Analysis. A total of 1522 individuals and 168 morpho-species were captured in four months. Species richness showed no differences; however, parasitoid abundance was higher in young forest, while intermediate forest had the highest true diversity values (1D) with 71.6 effective species. According to insect guilds, richness, abundance, and diversity were similar in the three vegetation successional stages. This finding may be explained based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, which postulates that moderate disturbance levels favor the highest diversity. In conclusion, successional age matters, i.e., diversity is the highest in intermediate stages, while the old forests harbors guilds unique to that successional stage, such as parasitoids of melitophagous larvae of bees. Other successional stages were characterized by a single species of parasitoid, belonging to the genera Eiphosoma and Anomalon, which may indicate altered and preserved forests, respectively.

Keywords

DiversityguildsIchneumonidaeneotropicsuccessional stages
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 113 , Issue 5 , October 2023 , pp. 604 - 614
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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