Index
aboriginal whaling,
Ainu
stranded whales and, 49
Ajishima
whale stones on, 51
Akamae
mass whale stranding in, ,
Akashi Kiichi, 124
Akkeshi, 170
American Civil War, 111
American whaling, 5, 10, 116
decline of, 111
firearms and, 103
Geishikō and, 86
Nakahama Manjirō and, 111
opening of Japan and,
Sanriku Coast and,
Amundsen, Carl, 120
Antarctic whaling
after the Second World War, 174
protests against, 184
scientific whaling programme, 183
start of,
Anthropocene, 9
anti-whaling protests, 8, 12
at the Sanriku Coast, 126
in Ayukawa, 133
in Chōshi, 126
in Europe,
in Hokkaido, , 115
in Norway, 11,
in Ryōishi, 159
in the Hachinohe region, 149
present-day Hachinohe and, 2
Tōyō Hogei on,
Aotearoa (New Zealand), 4
Ashio Copper Mine Incident, , 164
Australia, 4
Awajiya Seisaemon, 96
Ayabe Kazuo, 125
Ayukawa
after the 1933 tsunami, 176
after the 2011 tsunami, 169,
coastal whaling in,
comparison with Hachinohe,
fertiliser plants in, 140
Gentaku and, 19
Golden Age in, 180
Great Depression and, 171
industrial fishing in, 144
moratorium,
watch tower at, 91
whale festival in, , 185
whaling station at, 122
withdrawal from moratorium, 188
Ayukawa Hogei (old), ,
Ayukawa Hogei (present-day), 184
Baiyō hiroku (Secret Notes on Cultivation), 36
baleen plates (whalebone), 25
baleen whales (mysticetes), , See also blue whales; Bryde’s whales; fin whales; humpback whales; minke whales; right whales; sei whales
migration of,
ramming ships, 145
Barents Sea, 189
beach seine (jibikiami), , 150
bomb lance whaling, 103,
in western Japan, 113
Sea of Kinkazan and,
struggle with implementation, 116
Bryde’s whales
confusion with sei whales, 78
Buddhism
whale graves and,
Bungei kurabu (Literature Club), 126
Bungō Strait, 59
cetosphere, , 29, 32, , 41
anthropogenic pressure, 92
bringing back the,
defending the, 148
destruction of, , 180
Japanese Archipelago and,
losing importance for fishermen, 170
recovery of the, 106
Sea of Kinkazan and, 63, ,
whale disappearance and, 90
whale migration and,
children of the whales (kujira ko), 78
Chōshū domain, 111
Chōshūmaru, 120
Cobalt Road, 181
Dai-Nihon Suisan, 170
Date Masamune, 73
deforestation,
Deshima, 103
dolphins
as Ebisu messenger, 42
dispersing fish, 29
migration to the Sea of Kinkazan, 19
saving humans, 58
dragnet (hikiami), 67
dragon dance, 185
dragon goddess
at Kinkazan, 20
dreaming whalers
folktale of,
in northeastern Japan,
Dydymov, Akim G.,
Ebisu, 2
animals as messengers of, 42
as visiting deity, 42
Beach, , 57
chanting of, 5,
dead human bodies and, 42
Hokkaido and, 113
Kinkazan and, 20
Norway and, 115
popular image of,
predecessor of, 29
Sameuratarō folktale and,
superstition and,
worship of,
Edo. See also Tokyo
arrival of Perry in, 110
marine products in, , 95
sea-route to, 69
Sendai domain and, 22
Ehime Prefecture, 156
Emperor Meiji
death of, 165
Enoshima, 73
false killer whales
mass strandings of, 48
famines. See also Kyōhō famine (1732–1733); Tenmei famine (1782–1788); Tenpō famine (1833–1837)
coastal communities and, 25
Little Ice Age and,
mass whale strandings and,
organising relief support and, 74
whale meat after World War II and, 174
whale oil and,
whale pollution and, 152
wild boar, 103
yamase winds and, 22
firearm whaling, , 103
fish fertiliser, , 31
anti-whaling protests and,
diminished fish stocks, 67
Hasegawa and,
in agricultural manuals,
in eastern Japan,
in Meiji period,
Izu Peninsula and, 78
Fisheries Society of Japan (Dai-Nihon Suisan Kai), 112
fishing unions (gyogyō kumiai)
anti-whaling protests and,
establishment of, 131
Hasegawa and,
Oka and, 164
Foyn, Svend,
Fukuzawa Yukichi, 120
Geigyosōwa (Miscellaneous Stories about Whale Fish), 84
Geishikō (Manuscript on Whale History), 36, , See also Ōtsuki Heisen
as honzōgaku text,
creation of,
descripiton of,
Russian intrusion and,
Georgij (ship), 119
Hachinohe, 21
as whaling town, 188
comparison with Ayukawa,
fishing in,
Great Depression and, 171
resumption of whaling in,
scientific whaling and, 184
wild boar famine and, 103
Hachinohe-han kanjōsho nikki (Diary of the Hachinohe Domain Treasury), 56
Hagi, 120
Hanai Takuzō, 164
Hasegawa Tōjirō
attack on house, 162
Ayukawa and, 168
developing round haul nets,
first whale flensing, 157
whale fertiliser scheme,
Hawai‘i
fishing vessels drifting to, 24
Heian period (794–1185), 30
Historia naturalis, 84
Hogei Zushiki (Illustrated Whaling), 112
Hogeimaru No. 5 (ship), 144
Iceland, 11
Ichinoseki domain, 84
Igakkō (school), 94
Iki, 33
industrial whaling, 3
anti-whaling protests and, ,
causing pollution, 164
Hasegawa and,
in Korea,
in Norway,
Japanese companies,
Oka and, 120
products, 137
sustainability and, 5
International Whaling Commission (IWC), 2
Ayukawa,
moratorium,
observers in Japan, 181
withdrawal from moratorium, 188
invented tradition
net whaling as, 179
Ireland, 11
Ise Bay
origin of harpoon whaling, 30
Ishinomaki, 21, 73, 133, 177, 181
fertiliser plants in, , 171
IWC observers in, 181
political situation,
Iwanai, 113
Iwashiro Province, 36
Izumi Kōtarō, 140
Izushima,
Japan Small-Type Whaling Association, 169
Jōmon period (14’000-300 BCE),
Kabushima Shrine
as seagull breeding place, 154
Nobumasa and, 56
whale blood and, 155
whaling station near, 152
Kaitai shinso (New Text on Anatomy), 84
Kamaishi
anti-whaling protests in, 126
katsuodori (bonito bird), 79
Kawamura Zuiken, 69
Kejzerling, Heinrich Hugovistsj, 119,
Kii Peninsula, 30, , See also Mie Prefecture; Taiji
industrial whaling at the, 123
whale scrolls from the, 83
Kii Suisan, 170
Kii-Katsuura, 125
killer whales
as dragons, 49
as Ebisu messengers, 42
as gods of the whales, 49
depiction of, 29
dispersing fish, 29
humpback whales and, 58
Kinkazan, , 62, 73, See also Sea of Kinkazan
Benzaiten and, 56
fire on,
losing sight of, 42
mountain, 21
whale festival and, 185
Kishinouye Kamakichi
scientific inquiry in Hachinohe,
Kobe
as treaty port, 111
Kōfun period (300–538 CE), 29
Konbumori, 170
Kubo Tadakatsu, 161
Kudō Heisuke, 90
Kuganari, 64
Kugazama, 64
Kujira no Machi (The Whaling Town), 176
kujira no shachi no yō (like an orca to a whale), 49
Kujira o tatakau otoko (The Men who Fought Whales),
Kyōhō famine (1732–1733), 93
Kyushu. See also Gotō Islands; Hakata; Hirado domain; Iki; Ikitsukishima; Miyazaki Prefecture; Nagasaki
net whaling in,
whale scrolls from, 83
whale stones and, 50
whaling culture from, 183
Lindholm, Otto,
lords of the open sea (oki no tonosama), 8
Māori, 4
materia medica, 83
Matsuzaki Masahiro, 125
messengers from heaven (ten no shisha), 114
Mie Prefecture, 54
minke whales
aboriginal whaling and, 182
hunting in Ayukawa,
increase of, 189
moratorium, 182,
scientific whaling and, 184
moral ecology, 6
moral economy, 6
Muromachi period (1336–1573), 30
Muroran, 170
Naganuma Heizaemon, 98
Naganuma Jōsaku
firearm whaling and, , 103
Nagaoka Moriyoshi, 112
Nagasaki
as treaty port, 111
Dutch learning in, 85
exports to China, 95
gun manufacturer in, 103
whale meat in, 116,
Nagato
whale migration to, 122
Nanbu Naofusa, 69
Nanbu Nobumasa,
Nanbu Shigenao, 44
Nemuro, 170
net children (amiko), 95
net whaling (amitori-hō), 33
as invented tradition, 178
collapse of whale stocks and, 50
decline of, 122
in northern Japan, 88
in Same-ura, 88
in Sendai domain,
rekindling of, 126
size of, 103
Nihon Enyō Gyogyō, 120
Nippon Hogei, 172
Nippon Senpaku, 182
Nishimura Sōshirō, 140
Nishinomiya, 41
Nōgyō zensho (The Farmer’s Compendium), 35
Nosaku, 88
nostalgia boom, 185
Ogasawara Islands (Bonin Islands), 27, 91, 111
bomb lance whaling in, 112
whaling after World War II, 174
Oka Jūrō
extinction of whales, 124
reconciliation in Same-ura,
Tōyō Gyogyō and,
Tōyō Hogei and, 124
whaling in Korea,
Okada Gentarō, 140
Olsen, Frederik, 120
Ōno Shishiku, 126
organic empire, 141
Osaki Shrine, 20,
Oshika Peninsula, 75
diminished fish stocks at the, 67
economic situation on the, 66
Gentaku and,
geography of, 21
Kii fishing on the,
political situation on the,
Tenpō famine on the, 93
tourism and, 181
whale stones on the, 51
whale strandings on the, 47
Oshika Whale Land, 185
Oslo, 120
Ōtsuki Genkan, 85
Ōtsuki Gentaku,
creation of Geishikō and,
on whale anatomy, 85
pilgrimage to Kinkazan, , 131
Russian intrusion and,
Tenmei famine and, 94
Ōtsuki Heisen. See also Geishikō (Manuscript on Whale History)
creation of Geishikō and,
headmaster at Yōkendō, 94
on Ebisu whale culture, 86
on mass whale strandings, ,
on price for right whales, 45
on whale anatomy,
on whale bones, 36
on whaling in the north, 89
on whaling regions, 86
Russian intrusion and,
peasant uprisings (ikki), 165
Peru, 105
Philippines
as whale calving grounds, 26
pilot whales
mass strandings of, 48
pollution
air,
fertiliser plants and, 140
harpoon whaling causing,
issues in the Meiji period,
Norwegian whaling causing, 117
religious purification of, 55
scaring away fish, 126
superstitions and, ,
whale poison and, 158
whale stock recovery and, 10
whales causing, 29
whaling stations causing, ,
Polynesia, 4
proto-capitalists
net owners as, 95
proto-industrial
products, 84
rich country with a strong army (fukoku kyōhei), 115
right whales
European whaling and, 117
harpoon whaling and, 100
hunting pregnant, 54
migration to Ezo, 87
net whaling and, 110
round haul net (aguriami),
Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905),
Ryōri, 25
sacred ecology, 6
Saiyakushiki, 87
salt production,
Samenoura
whale stones at, 51
Same-ura, 21
anti-whaling riots in, ,
net whaling at, 88
Onaiji-sama and,
Sameuratarō folktale and,
whale meat in, 142
whale stones and,
whale strandings at, 46
Sanriku Coast, 5, , See also Oshika Peninsula, Sea of Kinkazan
abundance of whales at the, 44
coastal defence of the, 90
famines at the, 99
whale meat at the, 174
whale migration to the, 47
whaling stations at the, 151
Sars, Georg Ossian, , 117
satoumi (sea near the village), 6
Satsuma domain, 111
Scotland, 11
Sea of China, 85
Sea of Kinkazan. See also Oshika Peninsula, Sanriku Coast
2011 tsunami and, 184
American whaling at the, 92
as part of iriai, 80
bomb lance whaling at the,
decline of fishing at, 132
disappearance of whales at the, 181
harpoon whaling at the, 71
industrial whaling at the, 123,
sei whales
as bonito whales,
as sardine whale,
bringing in fish,
disappearance in the Sea of Kinkazan, 181
ramming ships, 145
Sendai, 177
Sendai domain, 21
banning foreign fisheries, 70
Confucian school of the, 85
deforestation and, 73
Edo and, 22
Ezo and, 90
proto-industrial whaling in,
Sengoku period (1477–1600), 32
Shiranuka, 51
Shitamichi Yoshikazu, 169
Shizuoka Prefecture, 142
Shōheizaka gakumonjo, 85
Sino-Japanese War (1894–5), 139
sperm whales
American whaling and, 110
Ayukawa Hogei and, 173
bomb lance whaling and, 113
disappearance of, 50
European whaling and, 117
hunting squid, 60
industrial whaling and, 143
mass stranding of,
migration of, 144
quotas for, 180
ramming ships, 145
whale curse and, 177
whale strandings and, 47
spirits of the sea (umitama), 42
Taiwan, 173
Third Mine Pollution Prevention Order, 156
tiger shark, 58
Toba Hogei, 181
Tokugawa Ieyasu, 31
Tokugawa Yoshimune, 83
Tokyo Imperial University, 157
Tokyo School of Agricultural and Forestry, 113
tongue-tie-net (kojitaami), 70
toothed whales (odontocetes), , 48, See also Baird’s beaked whales; dolphins; false killer whales; killer whales; pilot whales; sperm whales
Totoro, 125
Tōyō Gyogyō
founding of, 122
in Ayukawa,
in Chōshi, 126
selling of whale meat, 138
whaling stations and, 122
Tōyō Hogei
as biggest employer in Hachinohe, 161
Ebisu Beach and, 39
founding of, 124
in Ayukawa, 128,
in front of the court, 164
in Hokkaido, 170
whale memorial stone in Ayukawa, 175
Toyoyoshi-maru, 52
Tsugaru Strait, 69
Tsushima Current,
whale migration on the, 33
Umi no Yajū (The Wild Beasts of the Sea), 176
umi segaki, 177
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, 181
Ushitsu, 125
Wada Kakuemon Yoriharu, 33
Wada-ura
as whaling town, 182
whale cookbook
in Muromachi period, 30
whale country, 8
whale culture, 26
whale curse, 6, 53, 54
dreaming whalers and, 54
eating whale meat, 29
in Ayukawa,
whale mothers and, 60
whale fertiliser, 31
Ayukawa Hogei and,
in agricultural manuals,
production in Ayukawa, ,
production in Ishinomaki, 142
production in Norway, 117
whale meat, 4
after World War II, 174
as alternative to beef, 122
as waste product, 140
at whale festival, 185
famines and, 82
firewood and, 80
foreign perspectives on,
Great Depression and, 171
in Norway, 117
in western Japan,
misused as fertiliser,
pollution and, 136
salting of, 136
transport of, 101,
whale memorial stones, 58
Ayukawa and,
death register and, 55
difference to whale stones,
in western Japan, 54
whale curse and,
whale oil
as pesticide, 104
as waste product, 140
barrels as tax, 88
crude oil and, 117
factory ships and, 119
famines and, ,
firewood and, 80
for illumination, 30
Great Depression and, 171
in agricultural manuals,
in Ayukawa, 180
selling of, 45
selling of sperm, 48
whale pilgrimage
end of the, 187
industrial whaling and, 122
Kii whaling and, 32
migration pattern and, 59
Whale Province Shrine (kujirasū jinsha), 56
whale pump, 27
whale sanctuaries, 189
whale stones, 58, 175
difference to whale memorial stones,
Nobumasa and, 57
Onaiji-sama and,
Osaki Shrine and, 52
Same-ura and,
whale strandings
at the Sanriku Coast, 87
historical records of,
in Jōmon period, 29
in the Hachinohe domain, 44
killer whales and,
whale sacrifice and, 43
whale-eating culture, 138
Whaling Convention of 1931 and 1937, 172
whaling nation, 2
whaling ships
hunting around Japan, 123
in Ayukawa, 134
in Chōshi, 126
in Korea, 162
in Same-ura, 161
motorised fishing and, 143
Norwegian-style,
range, 151
Russian,
whales ramming, 145
work on, 173
whaling station
as seasonal outposts, 134
in Ayukawa, , , , 140
in Finnmark, 114,
in Korea, ,
Japanese visiting Norwegian, 120
network, , 151
pollution and,
protests against, 124
Yoshida and,
Wonsan, 118
worldly benefits (genze riyaku)
Ebisu and, 41
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