For an elliptic curve E defined over a number field K and $L/K$ a Galois extension, we study the possibilities of the Galois group Gal$(L/K)$, when the Mordell–Weil rank of $E(L)$ increases from that of $E(K)$ by a small amount (namely 1, 2, and 3). In relation with the vanishing of corresponding L-functions at $s=1$, we prove several elliptic analogues of classical theorems related to Artin’s holomorphy conjecture. We then apply these to study the analytic minimal subfield, first introduced by Akbary and Murty, for the case when order of vanishing is 2. We also investigate how the order of vanishing changes as rank increases by 1 and vice versa, generalizing a theorem of Kolyvagin.

We prove new results concerning the additive Galois module structure of wildly ramified non-abelian extensions $K/\mathbb{Q}$ with Galois group isomorphic to $A_4$, $S_4$, $A_5$, and dihedral groups of order $2p^n$ for certain prime powers $p^n$. In particular, when $K/\mathbb{Q}$ is a Galois extension with Galois group $G$ isomorphic to $A_4$, $S_4$ or $A_5$, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the ring of integers $\mathcal{O}_{K}$ to be free over its associated order in the rational group algebra $\mathbb{Q}[G]$.

Let K be a number field, let A be a finite-dimensional K-algebra, let $\operatorname {\mathrm {J}}(A)$ denote the Jacobson radical of A and let $\Lambda $ be an $\mathcal {O}_{K}$ -order in A. Suppose that each simple component of the semisimple K-algebra $A/{\operatorname {\mathrm {J}}(A)}$ is isomorphic to a matrix ring over a field. Under this hypothesis on A, we give an algorithm that, given two $\Lambda $ -lattices X and Y, determines whether X and Y are isomorphic and, if so, computes an explicit isomorphism $X \rightarrow Y$ . This algorithm reduces the problem to standard problems in computational algebra and algorithmic algebraic number theory in polynomial time. As an application, we give an algorithm for the following long-standing problem: Given a number field K, a positive integer n and two matrices $A,B \in \mathrm {Mat}_{n}(\mathcal {O}_{K})$ , determine whether A and B are similar over $\mathcal {O}_{K}$ , and if so, return a matrix $C \in \mathrm {GL}_{n}(\mathcal {O}_{K})$ such that $B= CAC^{-1}$ . We give explicit examples that show that the implementation of the latter algorithm for $\mathcal {O}_{K}=\mathbb {Z}$ vastly outperforms implementations of all previous algorithms, as predicted by our complexity analysis.

A class of exotic $_3F_2(1)$ -series is examined by integral representations, which enables the authors to present relatively easier proofs for a few remarkable formulae. By means of the linearization method, these $_3F_2(1)$ -series are further extended with two integer parameters. A general summation theorem is explicitly established for these extended series, and several sample summation identities are highlighted as consequences.

Let $N/ F$ be an odd-degree Galois extension of number fields with Galois group $G$ and rings of integers ${\mathfrak{O}}_{N} $ and ${\mathfrak{O}}_{F} = \mathfrak{O}$. Let $ \mathcal{A} $ be the unique fractional ${\mathfrak{O}}_{N} $-ideal with square equal to the inverse different of $N/ F$. B. Erez showed that $ \mathcal{A} $ is a locally free $\mathfrak{O}[G] $-module if and only if $N/ F$ is a so-called weakly ramified extension. Although a number of results have been proved regarding the freeness of $ \mathcal{A} $ as a $ \mathbb{Z} [G] $-module, the question remains open. In this paper we prove that $ \mathcal{A} $ is free as a $ \mathbb{Z} [G] $-module provided that $N/ F$ is weakly ramified and under the hypothesis that for every prime $\wp $ of $\mathfrak{O}$ which ramifies wildly in $N/ F$, the decomposition group is abelian, the ramification group is cyclic and $\wp $ is unramified in $F/ \mathbb{Q} $. We make crucial use of a construction due to the first author which uses Dwork’s exponential power series to describe self-dual integral normal bases in Lubin–Tate extensions of local fields. This yields a new and striking relationship between the local norm-resolvent and the Galois Gauss sum involved. Our results generalise work of the second author concerning the case of base field $ \mathbb{Q} $.

We formulate an explicit conjecture for the leading term at s=1 of the equivariant Dedekind zeta-function that is associated to a Galois extension of number fields. We show that this conjecture refines well-known conjectures of Stark and Chinburg, and we use the functional equation of the zeta-function to compare it to a natural conjecture for the leading term at s=0.

We assume the validity of the equivariant Tamagawa number conjecture for a certain motive attached to an abelian extension K/k of number fields, and we calculate the Fitting ideal of the dual of clK− as a Galois module, under mild extra hypotheses on K/k. This builds on concepts and results of Tate, Burns, Ritter and Weiss. If k is the field of rational numbers, our results are unconditional.

We prove that every real algebraic integer $\alpha$ is expressible by a difference of two Mahler measures of integer polynomials. Moreover, these polynomials can be chosen in such a way that they both have the same degree as that of $\alpha$, say $d$, one of these two polynomials is irreducible and another has an irreducible factor of degree $d$, so that $\alpha =M\left( P \right)-bM\left( Q \right)$ with irreducible polynomials $P,Q\in \mathbb{Z}\left[ X \right]$ of degree $d$ and a positive integer $b$. Finally, if $d\le 3$, then one can take $b=1$.

We prove, for a field $K$ which is cyclic of odd prime power degree over the rationals, that the annihilator of the quotient of the units of $K$ by a suitable large subgroup (constructed from circular units) annihilates what we call the non-genus part of the class group. This leads to stronger annihilation results for the whole class group than a routine application of the Rubin–Thaine method would produce, since the part of the class group determined by genus theory has an obvious large annihilator which is not detected by that method; this is our reason for concentrating on the non-genus part. The present work builds on and strengthens previous work of the authors; the proofs are more conceptual now, and we are also able to construct an example which demonstrates that our results cannot be easily sharpened further.

Let $m={{p}^{e}}$ be a power of a prime number $p$. We say that a number field $F$ satisfies the property $\left( {{H}^{'}}_{m} \right)$ when for any $a\in {{F}^{\times }}$, the cyclic extension $F\left( {{\zeta }_{m}},{{a}^{1/m}} \right)/F\left( {{\zeta }_{m}} \right)$ has a normal $p$-integral basis. We prove that $F$ satisfies $\left( {{H}^{'}}_{m} \right)$ if and only if the natural homomorphism $C{{l}^{'}}_{F}\to C{{l}^{'}}_{K}$ is trivial. Here $K=F\left( {{\zeta }_{m}} \right)$, and $C{{l}^{'}}_{F}$ denotes the ideal class group of $F$ with respect to the $p$-integer ring of $F$.

Let k be a number field with ring of integers $\mathfrak{O}_k$, and let $\Gamma=A_4$ be the tetrahedral group. For each tame Galois extension N/k with group isomorphic to $\Gamma$, the ring of integers $\mathfrak{O}_{N}$ of N determines a class in the locally free class group $\mathrm{Cl}(\mathfrak{O}_k[\Gamma])$. We show that the set of classes in $\mathrm{Cl}(\mathfrak{O}_k[\Gamma])$ realized in this way is the kernel of the augmentation homomorphism from $\mathrm{Cl}(\mathfrak{O}_k[\Gamma])$ to the ideal class group $\mathrm{Cl}(\mathfrak{O}_k)$. This refines a result of Godin and Sodaïgui (J. Number Theory98 (2003), 320–328) on Galois module structure over a maximal order in $k[\Gamma]$. To the best of our knowledge, our result gives the first case where the set of realizable classes in $\mathrm{Cl}(\mathfrak{O}_k[\Gamma])$ has been determined for a nonabelian group $\Gamma$ and an arbitrary number field k.

Let $p \,{\geq}\, 3$ be a prime number, $F$ be a number field with $\zeta_p \notin F^{\times}$, and $K = F(\zeta_p)$. In a previous paper, the author proved, under some assumption on $p$ and $F$, that an unramified cyclic extension $N/F$ of degree $p$ has a normal integral basis if and only if the pushed-up extension $NK/K$ has a normal integral basis. This addendum shows that the assertion holds without the above-mentioned assumption.

Let $L/K$ be a finite Galois extension of number fields. We formulate and study a conjectural equality between an element of the relative algebraic K-group $K_0(\mathbb{Z}[\mathrm{Gal}(L/K)], \mathbb{R})$ which is constructed from the equivariant Artin epsilon constant of $L/K$ and a sum of structural invariants associated to $L/K$. The precise conjecture is motivated by the requirement that a special case of the equivariant refinement of the Tamagawa Number Conjecture of Bloch and Kato (as formulated by Flach and the second-named author) should be compatible with the functional equation of the associated L-function. We show that, more concretely, our conjecture also suggests a completely systematic refinement of the central approach and results of classical Galois module theory. In particular, the evidence for our conjecture that we present here already strongly refines many of the main results of Galois module theory.

Let $K/k$ be a finite unramified Galois extension of number fields with Galois group $G$. This determines two homomorphisms from the ideal class group $\mathrm{Cl}_k$ of $k$: the capitulation map $\mathrm{Cl}_k \to \mathrm{Cl}_K$ and the Artin map $\mathrm{Cl}_k \twoheadrightarrow G^{\mathrm{ab}}$ onto the abelianization $G^{\mathrm{ab}}$ of $G$. We call (ker (capitulation), $\mathrm{Cl}_k$, Artin) the capitulation triple of $K / k$.

Artin's transition to group theory shows that any triple $(X, Y, \zeta)$ which arises in this way satisfies the group-theoretic property of being a transfer triple for $G$, defined as follows: there exist a group extension $A \rightarrowtail H \twoheadrightarrow G$ with $A$ finite abelian and an isomorphism $\eta : Y \stackrel{\sim}{\to} H^{\mathrm{ab}}$ such that $\eta (X)$ is the kernel of the transfer homomorphism $H^{\mathrm{ab}}\to A$, and $\zeta$ is the composite of $\eta$ with $H^{\mathrm{ab}}\to G^{\mathrm{ab}}$.

When $G$ is abelian, we show that a triple $(X, Y, \zeta)$ is a transfer triple for $G$ if and only if $|G| X = 0$ and $|G|$ divides $|X|$. Whether all transfer triples for $G$ can be realized arithmetically remains an unsolved problem.

Let $p$ be a prime number, $F$ a number field, and ${\cal H}_F^n$ the set of all unramified cyclic extensions over $F$ of degree $p$ having a relative normal integral basis. When $\z_p \in F^{\times}$, Childs determined the set ${\cal H}_F^n$ in terms of Kummer generators. When $p=3$ and $F$ is an imaginary quadratic field, Brinkhuis determined this set in a form which is, in a sense, analogous to Childs's result. The paper determines this set for all $p \ge 3$ and $F$ with $\z_p \not\in F^{\times}$ (and satisfying an additional condition), using the result of Childs and a technique developed by Brinkhuis. Two applications are also given.

Suppose $\mathcal{O}$ is either the ring of integers of a number field, the ring of integers of a $p$-adic local field, or a field of characteristic $0$. Let $\mathcal{X}$ be a regular projective scheme which is flat and equidimensional over $\mathcal{O}$ of relative dimension $d$. Suppose $G$ is a finite group acting tamely on $\mathcal{X}$. Define ${\rm HCl}(\mathcal{O} G)$ to be the Hermitian class group of $\mathcal{O} G$. Using the duality pairings on the de Rham cohomology groups $H^*(X, \Omega^\bullet_{X / F})$ of the fiber $X$ of $\mathcal{X}$ over $F = {\rm Frac}(\mathcal{O})$, we define a canonical invariant $\chi_H(\mathcal{X}, G)$ in ${\rm HCl}(\mathcal{O} G)$ . When $d = 1$ and $\mathcal{O}$ is either $\mathbb{Z}$, $\mathbb{Z}_p$ or $\mathbb{R}$, we determine the image of $\chi_H(\mathcal{X}, G)$ in the adelic Hermitian classgroup ${\rm Ad\,HCl}(\mathbb{Z} G)$ by means of $\epsilon$-constants. We also show that in this case, the image in ${\rm Ad\,HCl}(\mathbb{Z} G)$ of a closely related Hermitian Euler characteristic $\chi_{H}(\mathcal{X}, G)(0)$ both determines and is determined by the $\epsilon_0$-constants of the symplectic representations of $G$.

In this paper, we study the Mordell-Weil group of an elliptic curve as a Galois module. We consider an elliptic curve $E$ defined over a number field $K$ whose Mordell-Weil rank over a Galois extension $F$ is 1, 2 or 3. We show that $E$ acquires a point (points) of infinite order over a field whose Galois group is one of ${{C}_{n}}\times {{C}_{m}}(n=1,\,2,\,3,\,4,\,6,\,m\,=\,1,\,2),\,{{D}_{n}}\times {{C}_{m}}(n=2,\,3,\,4,\,6,\,m=\,1,\,2),\,{{A}_{4}}\times {{C}_{m}}(m=1,\,2),\,{{S}_{4}}\,\times \,{{C}_{m}}(m=1,\,2)$ . Next, we consider the case where $E$ has complex multiplication by the ring of integers $\mathcal{O}$ of an imaginary quadratic field $\Re $ contained in $K$. Suppose that the $\mathcal{O}$-rank over a Galois extension $F$ is 1 or 2. If $\Re \ne \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-1})$ and $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-3})$ and ${{h}_{\Re }}$ (class number of $\Re $) is odd, we show that $E$ acquires positive $\mathcal{O}$-rank over a cyclic extension of $K$ or over a field whose Galois group is one of $\text{S}{{\text{L}}_{2}}(\mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z})$ , an extension of $\text{S}{{\text{L}}_{2}}(\mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z})$ by $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$, or a central extension by the dihedral group. Finally, we discuss the relation of the above results to the vanishing of $L$-functions.

We have seen, in the previous works [5], [6], that the argument of a certain product is closely connected to that of the cubic Gauss sum. Here the absolute value of the product will be investigated.

For an arbitrary finite Galois $p$-extension $L/K$ of ${{\mathbb{Z}}_{p}}$-cyclotomic number fields of $\text{CM}$-type with Galois group $G=\text{Gal}(L/K)$ such that the Iwasawa invariants $\mu _{K}^{-},\,\mu _{L}^{-}$ are zero, we obtain unconditionally and explicitly the Galois module structure of $C_{L}^{-}\,(p)$, the minus part of the $p$-subgroup of the class group of $L$. For an arbitrary finite Galois $p$-extension $L/K$ of algebraic function fields of one variable over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p$ as its exact field of constants with Galois group $G=\text{Gal}(L/K)$ we obtain unconditionally and explicitly the Galois module structure of the $p$-torsion part of the Jacobian variety ${{J}_{L}}(p)$ associated to $L/k$.

Let $N/K$ be a biquadratic extension of algebraic number fields, and $G\,=\,\text{Gal(}N/K\text{)}$. Under a weak restriction on the ramification filtration associated with each prime of $K$ above 2, we explicitly describe the $\mathbb{Z}\text{ }[G]\text{ }$-module structure of each ambiguous ideal of $N$. We find under this restriction that in the representation of each ambiguous ideal as a $\mathbb{Z}\text{ }[G]\text{ }$-module, the exponent (or multiplicity) of each indecomposable module is determined by the invariants of ramification, alone.

For a given group, $G$, define ${{S}_{G}}$ to be the set of indecomposable $\mathbb{Z}\text{ }[G]\text{ }$-modules, $M$, such that there is an extension, $N/K$, for which $G\cong \text{Gal(}N/K\text{)}$, and $M$ is a $\mathbb{Z}\text{ }[G]\text{ }$-module summand of an ambiguous ideal of $N$. Can ${{S}_{G}}$ ever be infinite? In this paper we answer this question of Chinburg in the affirmative.