This chapter introduces ancillary services, focusing specifically on reserves. Reserves are classified in terms of their response time between primary (frequency containment, automatic generation control, load frequency control, regulation), secondary (frequency restoration reserve, operating reserve, spinning reserve, non-spinning), and tertiary (or replacement reserve). Contingency reserve and flexible ramp products are also discussed. Interactions between reserves are discussed. A co-optimization model of energy and reserves is presented, and its optimal solution is characterized using KKT conditions. The security-constrained economic dispatch model and the N-1 reliability criterion are introduced. A centralized optimization model for simultaneous auctioning of energy and reserves is introduced, and its equivalence to a market equilibrium is established. The sequential clearing of energy and reserves is presented. Market models for multiple types of reserves are introduced, and the effect of substitutability is discussed. Operating reserve demand curves are introduced, and their effect on energy prices is discussed. ORDCs based on loss of load probability and value of lost load are discussed. Balancing markets are defined, and the notions of balancing service providers and balancing responsible parties are discussed in the context of the balancing model.

This chapter covers the basics of energy storage, i.e., why it is needed, when it is used, how it is used, its benefits, and the types of energy storage technologies. Special attention is given to thermal energy storage due to its usage in a variety of guises in renewable power applications.

Field hospitals are a vital element in providing as many medical services as possible to a stricken population in times of disaster. Setting up a field hospital with advanced auxiliary medical services is possible as long as there is comprehensive and careful planning, training, and preparation done ahead of time. The main objective of the AMS department is to organize and assist in establishing the field hospital, ensure its smooth and efficient operation throughout the stay, and, at the close of a mission to disassemble the equipment for its return journey and then ensure it is in optimum working order for the next call up. The department is responsible for maintaining all medical devices in perfect working order with the focus being on safety compliance and patient welfare. The four core services provided by the department cover medical engineering, medical equipment and pharmacy, diagnostic imaging, and the clinical laboratory. All these services operate according to a predetermined workflow and clear working guidelines. In keeping with the goals of the humanitarian mission, the medical engineering service will handle the acquisition and maintenance of equipment capable of functioning in an electricity free environment. They will verify that all devices are robust and capable of operating under extreme weather conditions and comply with any specifications mandated by the different countries. The pharmacy service plays a vital role in ensuring medicine and its accompanying information is handled efficiently and safely. Data is accrued over the span of a mission to assist with ever more accurate future planning. The diagnostic imaging service must be able to provide both investigative and diagnostic examinations. This service is agile and can be provided in an imaging department tent, a dedicated container unit or bedside for patients who are not to be moved. The clinical laboratory service performs a full array of tests that facilitate in diagnosis and treatment of the patient. The services provided by the laboratory include biochemistry, hematology, and microbiology. The laboratory diagnoses the pathogens in infectious diseases and identifies the type of bacteria and its susceptibility to various antibiotics.