Late Renaissance conflicts drew mercenaries of knowledge to act as informal mediators in a wide range of diplomatic interests and territories located around the Holy See. Since the sixteenth century, Rome had become a refuge for foreign subjects, many of whom Romanized themselves while securing their patrimonies across and beyond the city. Nogueira offered his services from Rome to patrons and correspondents in Paris and Lisbon as well as in the Eternal City. This chapter discusses the multivalent position he occupied as a bibliopolitician in Rome after his return from Bologna in 1640 and the beginnings of his involvement with the politics of the Portuguese Restoration.

Following his return from Brazil to the Iberian Peninsula and then his journey to Rome, Nogueira continued to experience displacement while always looking for an opportunity to settle down. Upon arrival in Rome, he encountered a global city within which knowledge functioned as a currency to access patronage. In this highly competitive environment, populated by many other mercenaries of knowledge, Nogueira sought support across the city while trying his luck in other places such as the English monarchy. Aware of the difficulty of making a living in Rome, Nogueira followed a new patron to Bologna. There, he familiarized himself with the politics of the papal states in northern Italy, learned from the intense intellectual life around the university, and became involved in political negotiations between papal authorities, the Republic of Venice, and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. In the midst of these negotiations, he put his historical expertise to work by getting involved in an episode of forged Etruscan archaeology connected to rivalries between the Medici and Barberini families. As a ghostwriter for one of the reports concerning this forgery, he made a case for himself as someone who could serve back in Rome in a multitude of capacities, including legal courts and libraries.