In recent years, Galician autochthonous cattle populations have declined to a situation of vulnerability, between the critical status (less than 100 breeding females, very reduced genetic variability) and the endangered status (from 100 to 1 000 breeding females, which is not sufficient to survive). In order to prevent eventual extinction, an Operative Programme to maintain a germplasm bank (semen and embryos) and animals in situ (cattle farms and natural reserves) has been established to ensure preservation and facilitate study from the ethnological, productive and reproductive point of view. Five herds of Cachena, Caldelana, Frieiresa, Limiana and Vianesa breeds, have been studied for census, habitat, morphological characters, animal breeding, productive character, seminal quality of bulls and reproductive performances.
