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  • 8 - The Right to Freedom of Thought in Türkiye

  • from Part III - Europe
  • Edited by Patrick O'Callaghan, University College Cork, Bethany Shiner, Middlesex University, London
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of the Right to Freedom of Thought
    Published online:
    06 March 2025
    Print publication:
    13 March 2025, pp 97-111

  • Summary

    This chapter explores the right to freedom of thought in Türkiye, focusing on its legal foundations and historical context from the early twentieth-century’s Kemalist reforms to the present day. It examines how Türkiye’s transition from the Ottoman Empire to a modern Republic has shaped its legal protections and political responses to dissent, religion, and political plurality. Highlighting the ongoing tension between constitutional secularism and the rise of Islamist-influenced politics, the chapter reveals how these dynamics continue to shape and restrict freedoms of thought and expression in modern Türkiye. Despite early constitutional recognition of freedom of thought, practical implementation has often been constrained by state control over media, legal and judicial nuances, and societal norms. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the need for stronger legal safeguards and democratic principles to genuinely protect the right to freedom of thought in Türkiye.