In order to investigate the effects of dietary lipid sources on mechanisms involved in lipid deposition, two groups of rainbow trout were fed from first-feeding to the commercial size of 1kg (for 62 weeks) with two diets differing only by lipid source: 100% fish oil or 100% blend of vegetable oils (55% rapeseed oil, 30% palm oil, 15% linseed oil). The activities and levels of gene expression of lipogenic enzymes (fatty acid synthetase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme) in liver and of lipoprotein lipase in perivisceral adipose tissue, white muscle and liver were determined. Transport of lipid was studied by determining lipid composition of plasma and lipoprotein classes. We also examined the clearance of LDL by assaying the level of LDL receptor gene expression in several tissues. Total replacement of dietary fish oil by the blend of vegetable oils did not affect growth of rainbow trout and did not modify muscle lipid content. Hepatic lipogenesis and lipid uptake in perivisceral adipose tissue, white muscle and liver were also not modified by dietary treatments. Diets containing the blend of vegetable oils induced a decrease in plasma cholesterol and LDL. In trout fed the vegetable oils diet, expression of LDL receptor gene in the liver was down-regulated.

During prolonged flight, locusts predominantly utilize lipids for energy generation. Lipid stores are mainly located in the fat body. Flight is accompanied by release of adipokinetic hormones from the corpora cardiaca. Under the influence of these hormones, fat body triacylglycerol is converted to diacylglycerol, which is released into the haemolymph. This release requires the presence of specific lipoproteins. The lipid mobilizing effect of adipokinetic hormone on the fat body is attended by the association of a high density lipophorin and a non-lipid containing protein, both already present in the haemolymph, and the increased amount of released lipid to form a new lipoprotein, low density lipophorin. Upon delivery of the lipid to the flight muscles, participating proteins dissociate again and can be reused for lipid uptake at the fat body (lipoprotein shuttle system). The flight-specific metabolic systems could be starting-points for new devices in control strategies.