The control of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook.) trees released shrub and herbaceous vegetation from dominance of the tree overstory. Revegetation of the woodland with desirable browse and forage species required weed control of both shrub and herbaceous species. The method of tree control (herbicidal, mechanical, or wood harvesting) influenced subsequent weed control-revegetation options in the understory. Physical restraints imposed by standing dead trees resulting from picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) treatment limited the use of weed control and seeding equipment. Accumulation of litter interfered with the use of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] for annual grass control on both the picloram and wood harvest plots. Establishment of forage species was most successful on the mechanically cleared plots. Attempts to revegetate with browse species were largely foiled by native herbivores, and selective predation occurred on herbaceous species.
