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2 results

  • 1 - Introduction

  • Edited by Bhaskar Chakravorti, Tufts University, Massachusetts, Joel P. Trachtman, Tufts University, Massachusetts
  • Book:
    Defeating Disinformation
    Published online:
    30 January 2025
    Print publication:
    06 February 2025, pp 1-6
    • Chapter
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  • Summary

    Global platforms present novel challenges. They serve as powerful conduits of commerce and global community. Yet their power to influence political and consumer behavior is enormous. Their responsibility for the use of this power – for their content – is statutorily limited by national laws such as Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act in the US. National efforts to demand and guide appropriate content moderation, and to avoid private abuse of this power, is in tension with concern in liberal states to avoid excessive government regulation, especially of speech. Diverse and sometimes contradictory national rules responding to these tensions on a national basis threaten to splinter platforms, and reduce their utility to both wealthy and poor countries. This edited volume sets out to respond to the question whether a global approach can be developed to address these tensions while maintaining or even enhancing the social contribution of platforms.

  • “Constrained Medical Oxygen Supply Chain in India During COVID-19: Red-tapism, the Elephant in the Room?”

  • Naveen R. Gowda, Vijaydeep Siddharth, Parmeshwar Kumar, H. Vikas, Prakash Swaminathan, Atul Kumar
  • Journal:
    Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 17 / 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    14 October 2022, e296
  • Background:

    Recent disruption of medical oxygen during the second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused nationwide panic. This study attempts to objectively analyze the medical oxygen supply chain in India along the principles of value stream mapping (VSM), identify bottlenecks, and recommend systemic improvements.

    Methods:

    Process mapping of the medical oxygen supply chain in India was done. Different licenses and approvals, their conditions, compliances, renewals, among others were factored in. All relevant circulars (Government Notices), official orders, amendments, and gazette notifications pertaining to medical oxygen from April 2020 to April 2021 were studied and corroborated with information from Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organization (PESO) official website.

    Results:

    Steps of medical oxygen supply chain right from oxygen manufacture to filling, storage, and transport up to the end users; have regulatory bottlenecks. Consequently, flow of materials is sluggish and very poor information flow has aggravated the inherent inefficiencies of the system. Government of India has been loosening regulatory norms at every stage to alleviate the crisis.

    Conclusions:

    Regulatory bottlenecks have indirectly fueled the informal sector over the years, which is not under Government’s control with difficulty in controlling black-marketing and hoarding. Technology enabled, data-driven regulatory processes with minimum discretionary human interface can make the system more resilient.