Des problèmes de santé, des attitudes corporelles, le degré d'estime de soi et la satisfaction de vivre ont fait l'objet d'une évaluation portant sur 53 femmes âgées vivant deux situations différentes. Outre le fait que les 25 résidentes d'un foyer de personnes âgées (moyenne d'âge de 79,8 ans) étaient plus âgées, elles ont signalé davantage de problèmes de santé ainsi qu'une perception plus négative de leur corps que les 28 femmes demeurant à domicile (moyenne d'âge de 68,9 ans). Les différences observées, concernant les attitudes vis-à-vis le corps et la satisfaction de vivre, sont à attribuer davantage aux nombreux problèmes de santé signalés par les résidents des foyers de vieillards qu'aux différences d'âges et de conditions de vie. Cependant, et de façon très significative, les résidents des foyers de personnes âgées étaient beaucoup moins satisfaits de leur condition physique (entre autre l'agilité, la force, la coordination) que ceux demeurant chez eux, même si l'on tient compte des correctifs apportés au chapitre de l'âge et des problèmes de santé. Les résultats montrent également que chez les femmes âgées, les attitudes vis-à-vis leur corps sont reliés à l'âge, à la santé et à la satisfaction de vivre. En outre, ces résultats sont analysés sous l'angle de la nécessité d'assurer aux résidents des centres d'accueil l'occasion de pouvoir participer à des activités physiques et à des exercices.

This paper reports a study of the influence of healthy older people's type of residence and social comparison strategies on their quality of life perceptions. Data were collected from 190 participants aged 65 or more years resident in one London Borough. Participants were classified by their type of residence, and their quality of life was assessed by the Schedule for Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life: Direct Weighting (SEIQoL-DW). Among the reported social comparison judgements, the dominant strategy was ‘Downward Contrast’. It was the sole strategy for 78 per cent of those studied, and was significantly associated with a higher perceived quality of life. Among other statistically significant findings, it was found that positive orientation, optimistic orientation, and the use of Contrast rather than Identification comparisons associated with a better reported quality of life. The over-riding influence of Downward Contrast comparisons was also confirmed: this strategy appears to be adaptive and functional in enhancing perceived quality of life. The effect is not mediated by depression, although differences in comparison strategy were observed among groups with different residential status. The possibility of an intervention to enhance the perceived quality of life is discussed.

During the last two decades, northern European retirement residence in the southern European sunbelt has grown strongly and its forms have rapidly changed, but standard demographic and social statistical sources provide no information about the flows, the migrants or their increasingly mobile and complex residential patterns. Considerable primary research has however recently been undertaken into the causes, conditions, experiences and consequences of international retirement migration (IRM) by investigators from Germany, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Many collaborated when designing their studies and instruments, and all have subsequently worked together in a European Science Foundation Scientific Network. This paper compares the findings of six systematic social surveys in (to be more precise than the title) eight regions of southern Europe and the Canary Islands: all that have tackled similar research questions with similar methods and instruments. It presents interpretations of several comparative tables compiled from their original data, with a focus on the socio-economic backgrounds, motivations and behaviour of the various migrant groups and their relationship with the host and home countries. The paper presents new findings about the typical and variant forms of IRM, and additional understanding of the heterogeneity of the retirees of different nations and in the several regions.