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To develop and validate a web-based self-diagnostic questionnaire on school food service offer aimed at food service managers (FSM) by: (i) identifying relevant indicators of school food offer, developing a questionnaire and validating the concept using an expert panel; (ii) validating the questions by comparing the FSM’s responses with observations by dietitians and (iii) undergoing a qualitative evaluation of the tool through direct observation and short interviews.
Design:
Mixed methods.
Setting:
Quebec, Canada.
Participants:
Nine experts validated the theoretical constructs and indicators on which the questionnaire was based. Inter-rater reliability tests were conducted with thirty-nine FSM, who then participated in interviews about platform functionality satisfaction. Twenty school stakeholders participated in the survey pertaining to their use of the personalised report.
Results:
The questionnaire focused on the main school food service’s lunchtime offer and comprised twenty-six questions. The overall strength of agreement was good, and all questions’ strengths of agreement were fair to excellent except for one question. Qualitative data reached saturation and showed that navigation through the questionnaire was fluid. Improvements were suggested to increase user-friendliness and simplicity of both the platform and questionnaire. Results from the survey showed that all respondents were either satisfied or very satisfied with their personalised report.
Conclusions:
We successfully developed and validated a web-based self-diagnostic questionnaire. The final version facilitates knowledge mobilisation with school stakeholders and offers a new opportunity for the assessment and surveillance of school food offer.
This chapter provides an overview of research factors and interventions that facilitate delaying gratification in academic settings. In learning settings, academic delay of gratification refers to students’ postponement of immediately available opportunities to satisfy impulses in favor of pursuing important academic rewards or goals that are temporally remote but ostensibly more valuable. The first section of this chapter provides a brief overview and the theoretical underpinnings of Bandura’s (1997) social cognitive theory and Zimmerman’s (2013) self-regulated learning model, with an emphasis on delay of gratification. The second section focuses on how school psychologists can help educators to put in place schoolwide processes that help make it easier for students to delay gratification. The third section describes interventions that can be implemented by school psychologists, teachers, and administrators to assist students who struggle with delaying gratification. The final section provides recommendations for facilitating delaying gratification in school environments and suggests future research.
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