This article investigates the presence of intermediate morphological categories between stems and affixes, the so-called affixoids (prefixoids and suffixoids) in a number of Modern Greek varieties. It argues that affixoids can exist as an independent morphological category in morphologically rich languages, such as Modern Greek, on the condition that these languages base their word-formation processes on stems. It also shows that affixoids can vary within the same language, depending on several factors, such as the original items the affixoids come from (Greek affixoids may emerge from lexemes or affixes), the word-formation process which gives birth to them, or the occurrence of a grammaticalization or a degrammaticalization process. Proposals and arguments are supported by evidence consisting of two prefixoids, plako- and mata-, and one suffixoid, -opulo, drawn from the Modern Greek varieties.

Word formation in Germanic languages mainly takes place by means of compounding and affixation. Compounds are usually right-headed, and there is often a linking element in N+N-compounds that derives historically from a case ending. In addition to endocentric compounds there are also copulative compounds. Compounding also takes place with roots of Greek and Latin origin that do not occur as words by themselves. Some compound constituents have developed into affixoids. Affixation is used to derive words of major categories: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Some of these affixes behave phonologically similar to compound constituents. Many nonnative affixes, identified on the basis of sets of borrowed nonnative complex words, are being used in word formation as well. Other mechanisms of word formation are affix substitution, conversion, reduplication, prosodic morphology, abbreviation, and blending. For the construction of numerals above 20, syntactic coordination may be used. The word formation patterns of Germanic languages have been strongly influenced by contact with Greek, Latin, and French. In addition, they have been influenced by contact with English. Individual languages have borrowed some of their morphology and complex words from another Germanic language, and Yiddish has been strongly influenced by various non-Germanic languages.