The coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), is a multivoltine species closely associated with coffee crops worldwide, causing severe damage to the bean. In Mexico, as in all tropical regions, CBB survives during the inter-harvest period in residual berries on the ground or in dry berries remaining on the branches, and then disperses in search of the first suitable berries. In this study, we investigated how CBB dispersed from the first infested nodes during the fruiting period of Coffea canephora Pierre, which provides a favourable trophic level for this insect. Forty-five branches equally distributed in 15 coffee trees, with one infested node and four uninfested nodes, were selected. The branches were subjected to three treatments over nine weeks: 1) glue between nodes with full protection, 2) glue between nodes without protection, and 3) no glue and no protection. In addition, 45 CBB-free branches were selected and subjected to the same three treatments. CBB colonization can occur in three ways: 1) from an infested node to an uninfested node on the same branch, 2) from infested berries to uninfested berries within the nodes, 3) from branches to other branches. We also found that CBB dispersal between nodes of the same branches never occurred by walking but by flying. Thus, in this context of coffee berry development and ripening, and unlike the phenological situation of the inter-harvest period, CBB continuously travels very short distances, thus limiting its control.

Congenital absence of unilateral pulmonary artery, either as a primary defect or in combination with other congenital cardiovascular malformations, is very rare. Double outlet right ventricle pathology in combination with unilateral absence of pulmonary artery has only been reported once in the literature. In this report, we present our experience with double outlet right ventricle with unilateral absence of left pulmonary artery in a 3-year-old female patient who underwent a palliative procedure and was scheduled for correction.

Financial markets have increasingly grown cross-border, this having important implications for the design and conduct of prudential regulation and the provision of safety nets, such as deposit insurance or crisis management structures (lender of last resort operations).

The financial crisis has evidenced a number of weaknesses specific to cross-border banking. The study of regulation on the basis of recent cases of banking failure during the crisis allows developing conclusions about the evolution of cross-border banking and the challenges present in the current EU regulatory and supervisory framework. In particular, attention is paid to the impact that legal structures used in cross-border banking may have on financial stability.

This paper analyses the way in which cross-border banking has evolved during the last years, focusing on the legal structures and their impact on competition and financial stability. Thought is given to the specific changes in regulation and supervision that may lead to sustainable cross-border banking within the EU. Finally, the current EU regulatory proposals as well as the changes in the EU supervisory architecture are critically analysed, and final conclusions are drawn on the way forward.

A semilattice tree T with 0 is slim if there is a chain C with 0 so that the lattices θ (T) and θ(C) of semilattice congruences are isomorphic. This paper establishes elementary consequences of slimness and uses simple constructive techniques to show certain small trees slim. If T is the union of at most countably many branches, each of which has a maximum or a countable cotinal subset, then T is slim. For trees with enough maximals slimness is equivalent with not having any uncountable anti-chains. If a tree T has a countable cofinal subset then T is slim. Thus finitary trees are slim.