Deubiquitinases are a group of proteins that identify and digest monoubiquitin chains or polyubiquitin chains attached to substrate proteins, preventing the substrate protein from being degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Deubiquitinases regulate cellular autophagy, metabolism and oxidative stress by acting on different substrate proteins. Recent studies have revealed that deubiquitinases act as a critical regulator in various cardiac diseases, and control the onset and progression of cardiac disease through a board range of mechanism. This review summarizes the function of different deubiquitinases in cardiac disease, including cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus-related cardiac disease. Besides, this review briefly recapitulates the role of deubiquitinases modulators in cardiac disease, providing the potential therapeutic targets in the future.

myocardial fibrosis is a common endpoint in a variety of cardiac pathologies. it results from excessive accumulation of collagen and other materials that together comprise the extracellular matrix (ecm). in the past decade, the peptide hormone relaxin has emerged as an important regulator of the ecm within several organs, including the heart, and has been suggested as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of fibrotic disorders. this review summarises research on the anti-fibrotic actions of relaxin, outlines the potential mechanisms by which relaxin regulates the ecm in cardiovascular tissues and examines the implications of this research for the management of heart disease. some of the contradictions in the literature are also addressed in order to clarify the role of relaxin as an anti-fibrotic factor in vivo.