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4 results

  • 7 - Setting Up the Table Right

  • from Part II - Current Issues in Gender Equality and Trade Policies
  • Edited by Amrita Bahri, ITAM, Dorotea López, University of Chile, Jan Remy, The University of the West Indies
  • Book:
    Trade Policy and Gender Equality
    Published online:
    05 October 2023
    Print publication:
    19 October 2023, pp 154-175
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  • Summary

    This chapter looks at women’s representation in multilateral trade negotiations within the context of the overall goal of achieving more gender-sensitive outcomes in trade policy. Although trade negotiations have increased in scope and scale, this has not resulted in a concomitant increase in the representation of women as experts, negotiators and diplomats. The expansion and more complex nature of trade negotiations puts greater pressure on developing nations, especially on smaller delegations, as illustrated by data from the diplomatic missions to the United Nations and the World Trade Organization in Geneva. The chapter discusses the current structure and challenges of trade negotiations, highlighting both the challenges of the career and the changing character of persons engaged in trade negotiations. Lastly, the chapter draws attention to the distinction between women participating in trade negotiations and having the interests of women reflected in trade negotiation outcomes. This distinction is particularly important if one wants to place trade policy in the context of the overall societal movement towards gender equality. In its conclusion, this chapter sets out a list of actionable advice to improve the current situation to facilitate greater contribution of trade negotiations to global gender equality.

  • Development and Implementation of a Novel Prehospital Care System in the State of Kerala, India

  • Heather A. Brown, Katherine A. Douglass, Shafi Ejas, Venugopalan Poovathumparambil
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 31 / Issue 6 / December 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    22 September 2016, pp. 663-666
    Print publication:
    December 2016

  • Most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have struggled to find a system for prehospital care that can provide adequate patient care and geographical coverage while maintaining a feasible price tag. The emergency medical systems of the Western world are not necessarily relevant in developing economic systems, given the lack of strict legislation, the scarcity of resources, and the limited number of trained personnel. Meanwhile, most efforts to provide prehospital care in India have taken the form of adapting Western models to the Indian context with limited success. Described here is a novel approach to prehospital care designed for and implemented in the State of Kerala, India. The Active Network Group of Emergency Life Savers (ANGELS) was launched in 2011 in Calicut City, the third largest city in the Indian State of Kerala. The ANGELS integrated an existing fleet of private and state-owned ambulances into a single network utilizing Global Positioning System (GPS) technology and a single statewide call number. A total of 85 volunteer emergency medical certified technicians (EMCTs) were trained in basic first aid and trauma care principles. Public awareness campaigns accompanied all activities to raise awareness amongst community members. Funding was provided via public-private partnership, aimed to minimize costs to patients for service utilization. Over a two-year period from March 2011 to April 2013, 8,336 calls were recorded, of which 54.8% (4,569) were converted into actual ambulance run sheets. The majority of calls were for medical emergencies and most patients were transported to Medical College Hospital in Calicut. This unique public-private partnership has been responsive to the needs of the population while sustaining low operational costs. This system may provide a relevant template for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) development in other resource-limited settings.

    BrownHA, DouglassKA, EjasS, PoovathumparambilV. Development and Implementation of a Novel Prehospital Care System in the State of Kerala, India. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(6):663–666.