We introduce and study two conditions on groups of homeomorphisms of Cantor space, namely the conditions of being vigorous and of being flawless. These concepts are dynamical in nature, and allow us to study a certain interplay between the dynamics of an action and the algebraic properties of the acting group. A group $G\leq \operatorname {Homeo}(\mathfrak {C})$ is vigorous if for any clopen set A and proper clopen subsets B and C of A, there is $\gamma \in G$ in the pointwise stabiliser of $\mathfrak {C}\backslash A$ with $B\gamma \subseteq C$. A nontrivial group $G\leq \operatorname {Homeo}(\mathfrak {C})$ is flawless if for all k and w a nontrivial freely reduced product expression on k variables (including inverse symbols), a particular subgroup $w(G)_\circ $ of the verbal subgroup $w(G)$ is the whole group. We show: 1) simple vigorous groups are either two-generated by torsion elements, or not finitely generated, 2) flawless groups are both perfect and lawless, 3) vigorous groups are simple if and only if they are flawless, and, 4) the class of vigorous simple subgroups of $\operatorname {Homeo}(\mathfrak {C})$ is fairly broad (the class is closed under various natural constructions and contains many well known groups, such as the commutator subgroups of the Higman–Thompson groups $G_{n,r}$, the Brin-Thompson groups $nV$, Röver’s group $V(\Gamma )$, and others of Nekrashevych’s ‘simple groups of dynamical origin’).

Let f be a primitive Hilbert modular form over F of weight k with coefficient field $E_f$ , generated by the Fourier coefficients $C(\mathfrak {p}, f)$ for $\mathfrak {p} \in \mathrm {Spec}(\mathcal {O}_F)$ . Under certain assumptions on the image of the residual Galois representations attached to f, we calculate the Dirichlet density of $\{\mathfrak {p} \in \mathrm {Spec}(\mathcal {O}_F)| E_f = \mathbb {Q}(C(\mathfrak {p}, f))\}$ . For $k=2$ , we show that those assumptions are satisfied when $[E_f:\mathbb {Q}] = [F:\mathbb {Q}]$ is an odd prime. We also study analogous results for $F_f$ , the fixed field of $E_f$ by the set of all inner twists of f. Then, we provide some examples of f to support our results. Finally, we compute the density of $\{\mathfrak {p} \in \mathrm {Spec}(\mathcal {O}_F)| C(\mathfrak {p}, f) \in K\}$ for fields K with $F_f \subseteq K \subseteq E_f$ .

We call a semigroup $S$weakly right noetherian if every right ideal of $S$ is finitely generated; equivalently, $S$ satisfies the ascending chain condition on right ideals. We provide an equivalent formulation of the property of being weakly right noetherian in terms of principal right ideals, and we also characterize weakly right noetherian monoids in terms of their acts. We investigate the behaviour of the property of being weakly right noetherian under quotients, subsemigroups and various semigroup-theoretic constructions. In particular, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for the direct product of two semigroups to be weakly right noetherian. We characterize weakly right noetherian regular semigroups in terms of their idempotents. We also find necessary and sufficient conditions for a strong semilattice of completely simple semigroups to be weakly right noetherian. Finally, we prove that a commutative semigroup $S$ with finitely many archimedean components is weakly (right) noetherian if and only if $S/\mathcal {H}$ is finitely generated.

Let be a finite category and let k be a field. We consider the category algebra and show that -mod is closed symmetric monoidal. Through comparing with a co-commutative bialgebra, we exhibit the similarities and differences between them in terms of homological properties. In particular, we give a module-theoretic approach to the multiplicative structure of the cohomology rings of small categories. As an application, we prove that the Hochschild cohomology rings of a certain type of finite category algebras are finitely generated.

We give the first examples over finite fields of rings of invariants that are not finitely generated. (The examples work over arbitrary fields, for example the rational numbers.) The group involved can be as small as three copies of the additive group. The failure of finite generation comes from certain elliptic fibrations or abelian surface fibrations having positive Mordell–Weil rank. Our work suggests a generalization of the Morrison–Kawamata cone conjecture on Calabi–Yau fiber spaces to klt Calabi–Yau pairs. We prove the conjecture in dimension two under the assumption that the anticanonical bundle is semi-ample.

Explicit expressions are derived for the inverses of operators of a particular class that includes the operator corresponding to a system of coupled integral equations having weighted difference kernels. The inverses are expressed in terms of a finite number of functions and a systematic way of generating different sets of these functions is devised. The theory generalizes those previously derived for a single integral equation and an integral-equation system with pure difference kernels. The connection is made between the finite generation of inverses and embedding.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 45A05

Let $G$ be a simply-connected, semisimple algebraic group over $k$, an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. Let ${\cal O}_{\epsilon}[G]$ be the quantized function algebra of $G$ at a primitive $\ell$th root of unity $\epsilon$, and let $\overline{{\cal O}_{\epsilon}[G]}$ be the `restricted' quantized function algebra at $\epsilon$, a finite-dimensional $k$-algebra obtained from ${\cal O}_{\epsilon}[G]$ by factoring out a centrally generated ideal. It is known that $\overline{{\cal O}_{\epsilon}[G]}$ is a Hopf algebra. We study the cohomology ring $\mbox{Ext}_{\overline{{\cal O}_{\epsilon}[G]}}^*(k,k)$, a graded commutative algebra, and, for any finite-dimensional $\overline{{\cal O}_{\epsilon}[G]}$-module $M$, the $\mbox{Ext}_{\overline{{\cal O}_{\epsilon}[G]}}^*(k,k)$-module $\mbox{Ext}_{\overline{{\cal O}_{\epsilon}[G]}}^*(k,M)$. We prove that for sufficiently large $\ell$ there is an isomorphism of graded algebras\[ \mbox{Ext}_{\overline{{\cal O}_{\epsilon}[G]}}^*(k,k) \cong k[X_1,\ldots ,X_{2N}],\] where each $X_i$ is homogeneous of degree $2$, and $2N$ equals the number of roots associated to $G$. Moreover we show that in this case $\mbox{Ext}_{\overline{{\cal O}_{\epsilon}[G]}}^*(k,M)$is a finitely generated $\mbox{Ext}_{\overline{{\cal O}_{\epsilon}[G]}}^*(k,k)$-module. We also show under much less restrictive conditions on $\ell$ that $\mbox{Ext}_{\overline{{\cal O}_{\epsilon}[G]}}^*(k,k)$ continues to be a finitely generated graded commutative algebra over which $\mbox{Ext}_{\overline{{\cal O}_{\epsilon}[G]}}^*(k,M)$ is a finitely generated module.\vspace{6mm}\noindent 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 16W30, 17B37, 17B56.