In vitro studies of the destruction (lysis) of bovine red blood cells (erythrocytes) by some silicate minerals showed the reaction to be complete in less than 1 hr and very destructive to the cell membrane. The activity as lysing agents was found to be in the order smectites > silica > palygorskite ≃ sepiolite > chrysotile > kaolinite. Different compositions (Fe, Al, Mg, Li, vacancy) of the octahedral sheet of the smectite and fibrous clay minerals did not appreciably alter their hemolytic activity. The most active particle size range for kaolinite and montmorillonite was 0.2-2 μm. Structural folding of palygorskite reduced lysis suggesting that edge surfaces and silanol groups are important in this process. Aluminum oxides and hydroxides caused no lysis, and coatings of positively charged aluminum-hydroxy polymers on montmorillonite, silica, palygorskite, and kaolinite significantly reduced lysis.

The current paper focuses on the issue associated with the biological response of medical grade cobalt chromium (Co–Cr) alloy treated with electrical discharge at different spark energy levels by a varying current, pulse on-time, and pause (off) time. Three types of electrodes, namely, graphite (C), tungsten (W), and copper tungsten (Cu–W) were utilized for treating Co–Cr substrates in two different dielectric media such as mineral oil and deionized water. Electrochemical potentiodynamic tests were performed to investigate the corrosion resistance of untreated and treated surfaces. Furthermore, in vitro hemocompatibility tests were executed on the superior corrosion resistance samples for scrutinizing the red blood cell lysis (human blood response). The study revealed a significant improvement in the corrosion resistivity (<80%) and biological response for the surface treated with W–Cu electrode at low pulse pause duration. X-ray diffraction verified the formation of oxides and phosphides on the treated surface that promotes the biocompatibility.

In this project, we described the production of chrysin-loaded L-phenyl alanine (Phe)-coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (chrysin@Phe@IOMNs). chrysin@Phe@IOMNs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Next, hemocompatibility and biocompatibility of Phe-coated IOMNs were determined by hemolysis and MTT assays on HFF-2 and HEK-293 cell lines, respectively. Finally, the anticancer activity of chrysin@Phe@IOMNs was examined on MCF-7 cell line. The outcomes direct that as-prepared nanocarriers are nontoxic and biocompatible and also chrysin@Phe@IOMNs are appropriate for chrysin delivery and other hydrophobic therapeutic agents.

Severe mechanical hemolysis ocurred in a 22 month old girl after placement of a 38-5-10 coil in the arterial duct. Shé had previously undergone percutaneous closure using the Rashkind technique 14 months before insertion of the coil, but remained with a moderate residual shunt. Surgical removal of the devices and division of the duct were required to abolish the hemolysis.