This conclusion presents some closing thoughts of the concepts discussed in the book A Community Reinforcement Approach to Addiction Treatment. The book deals with the story of the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) from its very beginning in the late 1960s through current research at the start of a new century. The studies have involved nearly a thousand clients treated with CRA for alcohol and illicit drug problems. CRA-based treatments have been tested, not against untreated or waiting list control groups, but in comparison with the most common, state-of-practice treatments available. It seems to be applicable across cultural differences, having been applied with affluent and poor, rural and urban, and minority populations including Hispanics and African-Americans. CRA procedures that have been applied effectively to increase disulfiram compliance could also be used to promote adherence to other pharmacotherapies. Reinforcement-based treatment procedures have been effective in managing pain, depression, and marital/family distress.