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4 results

  • 2 - Notions and Sewing Tools

  • Antonia Finnane, University of Melbourne
  • Book:
    How to Make a Mao Suit
    Published online:
    20 July 2023
    Print publication:
    03 August 2023, pp 52-78

  • Summary

    Chapter 2 lays the ground for an understanding of what was involved in the transformation of tailoring, identifying key developments in technology, tools and materials. Pre-industrial sewing techniques and tools show much shared terrain between China and Europe. Items such as scissors, needles and measuring rules were essentially similar. Under the impact of cultural and technological change in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, even these tools were gradually displaced and a range of entirely new items entered the realm of tailoring. Buttons, safety pins, belt hooks and tape measures flowed into the Treaty Ports from suppliers in Germany, Britain and Japan, stimulating new local industries in China. The changed contents of a sewing basket point in the first half of the twentieth century to a large-scale reconfiguration of clothing production under way in these years, ahead of the visible transformation of dress in the Mao years.

  • Influence of catheters on predicted tumour control probability and severity of acute genitourinary toxicity during high-dose-rate brachytherapy prostate boost

  • Mutahir Tunio, Altaf Hashmi, Mansoor Rafi, Rehan Mohsin, Asad Zameer
  • Journal:
    Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice / Volume 10 / Issue 3 / September 2011
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 November 2010, pp. 173-180
    • Article
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  • Purpose: High-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR) boost is an effective method for dose escalation when treating prostate cancer. Optimal number and location of catheters play key role in radiation dose delivery. We studied the impact of catheters and associated trauma on the dose uncertainties and urethral toxicity.

    Methods and Materials: Between July 2008 to August 2009, 50 patients with prostate cancer were treated with 46 Gy of external irradiation of whole pelvis (2 Gy per fraction) and two HDR brachytherapy fractions (each 14 Gy) at the end of 10 fractions of external beam. All brachytherapy implants were planned using real-time, ultrasound-based planning system. Variables were prostate and urethral volumes, number of catheters and their mean distance from base of bladder and dose volume histogram parameters. All data were collected during first implant only. The toxicities were graded according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Toxicity Criteria. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS version 17.0.

    Results: The mean number of catheters implanted was 12.38 (8–19), and number of attempts per needle to achieve desired position was 1.6 (range = 0–5). Mean distance between the catheters tips to contrast filled bladder was 3.2 mm (1–8 mm) after the adjustment. Distances >5 mm showed lower doses to prostate and lower predicted tumour control probability (TCP) (p < 0.01). No correlation was found between numbers of catheters implanted, attempts per catheter and severity of acute genitourinary (GU) toxicity. Significant correlation was found between severity of acute GU toxicity and urethral V130, V150 (p < 0.001).

    Conclusion: Dose decline and subsequently lower TCP were seen for the greater distances between the needles and bladder. Acute GU toxicity increased with higher urethral, but severity of acute GU toxicity does not increase with increase in prostate/urethral volumes, number of catheters needles and attempts.

  • Comparing tissue coring potentials of hollow needles without stylet and caudal needles with stylet: an experimental study

  • F. Guldogus, Y. S. Baris, S. Baris, D. Karakaya, E. Kelsaka
  • Journal:
    European Journal of Anaesthesiology / Volume 25 / Issue 6 / June 2008
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 June 2008, pp. 498-501
    Print publication:
    June 2008
  • Background and objectives

    Although the association of tissue coring and development of epidermoid tumour has been proposed, the extent and frequency of such coring is still controversial and the viability of carried cells has not been substantiated. In the present study, we used an experimental model without needle removal to investigate the incidence of tissue coring using two different needle types.

    Methods

    We inserted 22-G caudal (n = 34) or 22-G hollow (n = 25) needles to the tumour-free areas of fresh modified mastectomy specimens. The specimen was stretched and needles were inserted perpendicular to the skin and forced to penetrate the full thickness of the specimen. Without removing the needle, the needle cavity was then washed with 2 mL of RPMI 1640 with l-Glutamine and the washings were collected in a 15-mL falcon tube. The tubes were sealed and labelled and processed to obtain cytologic preparations. The slides were evaluated under a light microscope.

    Results

    A high rate of epithelial cell transportation was noted. All the carried cells were stratum corneum cells with no nucleus. No nucleated cells were seen. The incidence of carried cells was 64.7% and 72.0% in the caudal and hollow needle groups, respectively (P > 0.05).

    Conclusion

    Only cells from the outermost layer, stratum corneum, which is made of dead flat skin cells, were transported with needle puncture. The risk of epidermoid tumour development after regional anaesthesia must therefore be low. The incidence of transporting non-nucleated stratum corneum cells was similar between hollow and caudal needles.