La présence accrue de justiciables non représenté·e·s devant les tribunaux est régulièrement attribuée à un manque de confiance envers le système judiciaire, notamment à l’égard des avocat·e·s. Agir seul·e devant les tribunaux serait donc un choix délibéré. Un sondage réalisé dans la population générale au Québec permet de démontrer au contraire que la grande majorité des citoyen·ne·s redoutent de faire face seul·e·s à la justice et souhaitent avoir accès aux services d’un·e professionnel·le du droit pour les représenter. Il permet aussi d’établir des liens entre certaines composantes de la localisation sociale des répondant·e·s – âge, condition socioéconomique, scolarité et genre – et leur opinion sur le système de justice et la non-représentation. Il faut en conclure que le rapport au droit et à la justice est la conséquence directe de structures sociales dont il faut tenir compte dans la compréhension de la réalité de la non-représentation.

The oncoming retirement of baby boomers has governments worried. Will individual baby boomers demonstrate the ability to prepare financially for their retirement? Well-being in retirement depends largely on financial preparedness during working life. Those baby boomers who are the most vulnerable at the end of their working lives are more likely to become vulnerable during retirement. This study looks at the income of the first baby boomers, those born between 1946 and 1956, aged 50 to 60, according to the 2006 Canadian census. First we establish the socio-economic categories for which members are most financially vulnerable. Then, we estimate how many baby boomers are vulnerable and to what extent. This study’s preferred approach is an interprovincial comparison between Quebec and Ontario, used to analyze individual aspects of baby boomers’ financial positions.

Existing research on the health care utilization patterns of older Canadians suggests that income does not usually restrict an individual’s access to care. However, the role that income plays in influencing access to health services by older adults living in rural areas is relatively unknown. This article examines the relationship between income and health service utilization among older adults in rural and urban areas of British Columbia. Data were drawn from Statistics Canada’s Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 3.1. Multivariate regression techniques were employed to examine the influence of relative income on accessibility for 3,424 persons aged 65 and over. Results suggest that (1) relative income does not influence access to health care services; and (2) this is true for both urban and rural older adults. The most important and consistent predictors of access in all cases were those that measured health care need.

To define policies to cope with the aging population of developed countries, one must combine several analytical dimensions in space and in time. Is there a contradition between short-term policies to contain the expansion of the care segment of health services and the potential increase in needs for the “old-old” segment of the population? How should policies aimed at the security of income be balanced with policies aimed at the organization of services, be they curative services or local services designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the elderly? In this text, an attempt is made to put together the bits and pieces of the policy for aging puzzle.

Quels sont les profils de non-réponse aux questions sur le revenu qui se dégagent de recherches canadiennes sur les personnes âgées vivant au sein d'une communauté? Quels sont les attitudes des personnes âgées à l'égard du dévoilement de renseignements sur les revenus? Le taux de non-réponse aux items qui se rapportent aux renseignements sur les revenus est supérieur à tout autre dans les questionnaires. De plus, le format proprement dit des questions sur les revenus semble influencer le taux de non-réponse. En général, la fiabilité des renseignements recueillis sur le revenu est élevée. Les personnes âgées hésitent à dévoiler ce genre d'information car ils désirent d'abord et avant tout protéger leur vie privée.

The Hollomon-Jaffe parameter is commonly used to characterize thermal cycles and definetime-temperature equivalences during tempering, but it can only be computed for simplethermal cycles defined by a couple of values [temperature; time]. Its use is not adaptedfor complex thermal cycles. Three tempering parameters which integrate the full thermalcycles were investigated: the Hollomon-Jaffe derivative parameter, and the Tsuchiyama andArrhenius laws. Simple and complex thermal cycles were performed on a water-quenchedcarbon steel (i.e. different heating and cooling rates or two-step cycles, withtemperature varying between 450 °C and 750 °C and times from 30 s to 3 days). All threetempering parameters show good correlation with the tensile properties of the material,even when complex cycles were performed, provided that the material constant is optimized.The sensitivity to the determination of this constant is low for the Tsuchiyama andArrhenius laws: they can be considered as robust and reliable. On the contrary, theHollomon-Jaffe derivative parameter proved unstable.

The demographic aging of the Registered Indian population suggests that the social, economic, and health conditions of older Registered Indians will be increasingly important for communities and policymakers. We have adapted the United Nations Development Program's Human Development Index using data from the Census of Canada and the Indian Register to measure whether improvements seen in the knowledge, standard of living, and health of the Registered Indian population between 1981 and 2001 are also observed among Registered Indians of older ages. The absolute levels of well-being of older Registered Indians were found to have improved, but gaps with other older Canadians had widened, particularly in terms of income and male life expectancy.