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33 results

Page 1 of 2

  • Seasons of Kawasaki Disease during the COVID-19 pandemic

  • Todd T. Nowlen, Ashraf S. Harahsheh, Geetha Raghuveer, Simon Lee, Anji T. Yetman, Nagib Dahdah, Michael A. Portman, Supriya S. Jain, Michael Khoury, Selemet Tierney, Cedric Manlhiot, Pedrom Farid, Brian W. McCrindle
  • Journal:
    Cardiology in the Young , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    04 December 2024, pp. 1-4
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  • The incidence of Kawasaki Disease has a peak in the winter months with a trough in late summer/early fall. Environmental/exposure factors have been associated with a time-varying incidence. These factors were altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was performed through the International Kawasaki Disease Registry. Data from patients diagnosed with acute Kawasaki Disease and Multiple Inflammatory Syndrome-Children were obtained. Guideline case definitions were used to confirm site diagnosis. Enrollment was from 1/2020 to 7/2023. The number of patients was plotted over time. The patients/month were tabulated for the anticipated peak Kawasaki Disease season (December–April) and non-peak season (May–November). Data were available for 1975 patients from 11 large North American sites with verified complete data and uninterrupted site reporting. The diagnosis criteria were met for 531 Kawasaki Disease and 907 Multiple Inflammatory Syndrome-Children patients. For Multiple Inflammatory Syndrome-Children there were peaks in January of 2021 and 2022. For Kawasaki Disease, 2020 began (January–March) with a seasonal peak (peak 26, mean 21) with a subsequent fall in the number of cases/month (mean 11). After the onset of the pandemic (April 2020), there was no clear seasonal Kawasaki Disease variation (December–April mean 12 cases/month and May–November mean 10 cases/month). During the pandemic, the prevalence of Kawasaki Disease decreased and the usual seasonality was abolished. This may represent the impact of pandemic public health measures in altering environmental/exposure aetiologic factors contributing to the incidence of Kawasaki Disease.

  • Unidad 7 - De viaje

  • from Part Two - The Units
  • Consuelo de Andrés Martínez, Higher Education Academy, UK, Nadezhda Bonelli, The Open University, Milton Keynes, Christine Cook, University of Sheffield, Anthony Trippett, University of Sheffield
  • Book:
    Camino al español
    Published online:
    22 February 2023
    Print publication:
    26 January 2023, pp 165-189

  • Summary

    This unit expands material on leisure and routine activities by adding vocabulary associated with the months of the year, important dates in the Hispanic calendar, as well as the seasons of the year in relation to weather and celebrations. It also explores the differences between English and Spanish with regard to the comparison of adjectives. Students can thus use the relevant vocabulary to make reservations, to talk about the weather, and for holiday planning.

  • Unidad 7 - De viaje

  • from Part Two - The Units
  • Consuelo de Andrés Martínez, Higher Education Academy, UK, Nadezhda Bonelli, The Open University, Milton Keynes, Christine Cook, University of Sheffield, Anthony Trippett, University of Sheffield
  • Book:
    Camino al español
    Published online:
    22 February 2023
    Print publication:
    26 January 2023, pp 165-189

  • Summary

    This unit expands material on leisure and routine activities by adding vocabulary associated with the months of the year, important dates in the Hispanic calendar, as well as the seasons of the year in relation to weather and celebrations. It also explores the differences between English and Spanish with regard to the comparison of adjectives. Students can thus use the relevant vocabulary to make reservations, to talk about the weather, and for holiday planning.

  • Chapter 2 - Turning, Flying

  • from Part I - Turnings
  • Edited by Paddy Bullard, University of Reading
  • Book:
    A History of English Georgic Writing
    Published online:
    01 December 2022
    Print publication:
    15 December 2022, pp 57-78

  • Summary

    Virgil promises a calendar of times and tasks in his Georgics, yet the temporal leaps in his poem take us far from steady calendrical form. This essay asks how his English inheritors have evoked repeated annual cycles while also expressing idiosyncratic understandings of time and local particularities of work. The first section argues that the medieval iconography of the ‘labours of the months’ provides an important and neglected context for study of georgic writing, and enquires into the parallel influence of another iconographic tradition: that of illustrations to Virgil. Subsequent sections focus on writers (including Thomas Tusser, Mary Collier, William Cowper and Ford Madox Ford) who develop literary forms for their calendrical material and in doing so question the very shape and meaning of rural life. Where are the year’s pivots and culminations, does it take different form for men and women, does it begin or end?

A History of English Georgic Writing
  • Edited by Paddy Bullard
  • Published online:
    01 December 2022
    Print publication:
    15 December 2022
  • The interconnected themes of land and labour were a common recourse for English literary writers between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries, and in the twenty-first they have become pressing again in the work of nature writers, environmentalists, poets, novelists and dramatists. Written by a team of sixteen subject specialists, this volume surveys the literature of rural working lives and landscapes written in English between 1500 and the present day, offering a range of scholarly perspectives on the georgic tradition, with insights from literary criticism, historical scholarship, classics, post-colonial studies, rural studies and ecocriticism. Providing an overview of the current scholarship in georgic literature and criticism, this collection argues that the work of people and animals in farming communities, and the land as it is understood through that work, has provided writers in English with one of their most complex and enduring themes.

  • 1 - Seasonal Processions

  • from Part I - Historical Shifts in Climate Consciousness
  • Edited by Adeline Johns-Putra, Kelly Sultzbach, University of Wisconsin, La Crosse
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Companion to Literature and Climate
    Published online:
    31 March 2022
    Print publication:
    07 April 2022, pp 27-39

  • Summary

    This chapter considers the shifting meanings and capacities of American and British seasonal literature and media in light of anthropogenic climate change. Via two case studies, it compares seasonal work before and after widespread concerns about altered seasonal patterns in the United States and Europe. Beginning with a discussion of the seasonal aspects of Rachel Carson’s writing – most notably her sea trilogy – and its literary contexts, this chapter examines seasonal prose produced prior to the climate crisis. It also reflects on contemporary scholars’ tendency to revisit Carson’s work when ruminating on climate change, suggesting a nostalgia for seasonal reassurance. The chapter then turns to the contemporary production of seasonal media, using the BBC series Springwatch as a second case study. Placing Springwatch within a British tradition of seasonal broadcasting, it analyses the intersection of environmental and cultural seasonality in this series. As a show produced during a period of heightened climate anxiety, Springwatch actively works to generate seasonal data for climate research in the United Kingdom. In this sense, seasonal media unfolding within – and responding to – perceptible season creep can route seasonal sentimentality into the observation of phenological change.

  • Seasonal variation of patulous Eustachian tube diagnoses using climatic and national health insurance data

  • S Lee, S-W Choi, J Kim, H M Lee, S-J Oh, S-K Kong
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 135 / Issue 8 / August 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 July 2021, pp. 695-701
    Print publication:
    August 2021
  • Objectives

    This study aimed to analyse if there were any associations between patulous Eustachian tube occurrence and climatic factors and seasonality.

    Methods

    The correlation between the monthly average number of patients diagnosed with patulous Eustachian tube and climatic factors in Seoul, Korea, from January 2010 to December 2016, was statistically analysed using national data sets.

    Results

    The relative risk for patulous Eustachian tube occurrence according to season was significantly higher in summer and autumn, and lower in winter than in spring (relative risk (95 per cent confidence interval): 1.334 (1.267–1.404), 1.219 (1.157–1.285) and 0.889 (0.840–0.941) for summer, autumn and winter, respectively). Temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity had a moderate positive (r = 0.648), negative (r = –0.601) and positive (r = 0.492) correlation with the number of patulous Eustachian tube cases, respectively.

    Conclusion

    The number of patulous Eustachian tube cases was highest in summer and increased in proportion to changes in temperature and humidity, which could be due to physiological changes caused by climatic factors or diet trends.

  • Association of seasonality and serum albumin concentration with vitamin D deficiency in subjects with chronic hepatitis C infection living in a sunny country

  • Henrique Pott-Junior, Camila Luzeiro, Jorge Figueiredo Senise, Adauto Castelo
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 23 / Issue 7 / May 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 March 2020, pp. 1247-1253
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  • Objective:

    This study aimed to analyse the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the season when the blood sample was obtained from subjects with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection.

    Design:

    A cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration <50 nmol/l, based on the values set forth by the Endocrine Society guideline for higher-risk populations. Seasonality was defined according to solstices and equinoxes. The association of seasonality and clinical/laboratory characteristics with vitamin D deficiency was assessed using a multivariate logistic regression analysis.

    Setting:

    NUPAIG Viral Hepatitis Outpatient Clinic of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Brazil.

    Participants:

    Adult subjects with CHC infection (n 306).

    Results:

    The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 16 %, whereas the median serum 25(OH)D concentration was 87 (interquartile range, 59; third quartile = 118) nmol/l. Serum concentration was consistently lower in samples collected in spring and winter than in other seasons. In multivariate analysis, vitamin D deficiency was found to be independently associated with male gender, serum albumin concentration and with samples drawn in winter and spring.

    Conclusions:

    The findings show not only the relevance to consider season as a factor influencing 25(OH)D concentration but also the need to actively screen for hypovitaminosis D in all patients with CHC infection, especially in females and those with low albumin concentration.

  • 22 - Spectroscopy of Pluto and Its Satellites

  • from Part IV - Applications to Planetary Surfaces
  • Edited by Janice L. Bishop, James F. Bell III, Arizona State University, Jeffrey E. Moersch, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
  • Book:
    Remote Compositional Analysis
    Published online:
    15 November 2019
    Print publication:
    28 November 2019, pp 442-452

  • Summary

    The near-infrared reflectance spectra of Pluto and its satellites are rich with diagnostic absorption bands of ices of CH4, N2, CO, H2O, and an incompletely identified ammonia-bearing molecule. Following years of investigation of the spectra of Pluto and Charon with ground-based telescopes, NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft obtained spectral maps of these bodies and three small satellites on its passage through the system on July 14, 2015, showing the distribution of these ices, as well as a colored, non-ice component. Spectral modeling mapped the distribution of the various ices and showed their abundance and mixing details in relationship to regions of differing surface elevation, albedo, and geologic structure. Additionally, owing to their greatly different degrees of volatility, the ices of Pluto are distributed in patterns responsive to Pluto’s climatic changes on both short and long terms. The surface of Charon is dominated spectrally by H2O ice with one or more ammoniated compounds, and three of the four very small satellites show both H2O ice and the ammonia signature.

  • Chapter 3 - The Seasons

  • from Part I - Origins
  • Edited by Adeline Johns-Putra, University of Surrey
  • Book:
    Climate and Literature
    Published online:
    31 July 2019
    Print publication:
    04 July 2019, pp 45-59

  • Summary

    The seasons are one of the most prevalent means by which literary texts engage with and represent climate. This chapter explores the implications of the seasonal perspective of climate, and argues that literary texts have used the seasons as a domain for interrogating the interface between nature and culture. The first half of the chapter traces a history of literary representations of the seasonal cycle. This climate model of change-within-constancy has been interpreted variously as a source of reassuring stability or as evidence for nature’s hostility. The second half of the chapter focuses on individual seasons and the cultural associations that have accumulated around them. Particular seasons are associated with particular human activities, emotions, psychological states, and literary genres. Often the most interesting examples of seasons literature are those texts that interrogate these associations and ask whether nature or culture has shaped our responses to and expectations for each season.

  • Part I - Origins

  • Edited by Adeline Johns-Putra, University of Surrey
  • Book:
    Climate and Literature
    Published online:
    31 July 2019
    Print publication:
    04 July 2019, pp 13-14

  • Summary

    Over the past decade, anthropogenic climate change has encouraged authors and readers to confront new modes of imagining time, selfhood, and narrative and to reassess the relationships among experiential, historical, and climatological time. In Western literary culture, historical and climatological time traditionally have seemed one and the same. Working within the 5000-year time frame of biblical history, writers envisioned a world that, since the sixth day of creation, always has been inhabited and therefore always had been shaped and reshaped by humans. In this worldview, ‘nature’ is always a product of anthropogenic intervention. Beginning around 1800, however, work in geology, planetary astronomy, and palaeontology transformed conceptions of climate by decoupling planetary history from human experience, memory, and myth. In giving narrative form to the collision of experiential and climatological time, Anthropocene fiction explores the problem that science fiction often seems more ‘realistic’ than traditional narrative realism.

  • Estimating seasonal variation in Australian pertussis notifications from 1991 to 2016: evidence of spring to summer peaks

  • R. N. F. Leong, J. G. Wood, R. M. Turner, A. T. Newall
  • Journal:
    Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 147 / 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    20 March 2019, e155
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  • Unlike for many other respiratory infections, the seasonality of pertussis is not well understood. While evidence of seasonal fluctuations in pertussis incidence has been noted in some countries, there have been conflicting findings including in the context of Australia. We investigated this issue by analysing the seasonality of pertussis notifications in Australia using monthly data from January 1991 to December 2016. Data were made available for all states and territories in Australia except for the Australian Capital Territory and were stratified into age groups. Using a time-series decomposition approach, we formulated a generalised additive model where seasonality is expressed using cosinor terms to estimate the amplitude and peak timing of pertussis notifications in Australia. We also compared these characteristics across different jurisdictions and age groups. We found evidence that pertussis notifications exhibit seasonality, with peaks observed during the spring and summer months (November–January) in Australia and across different states and territories. During peak months, notifications are expected to increase by about 15% compared with the yearly average. Peak notifications for children <5 years occurred 1–2 months later than the general population, which provides support to the theory that older household members remain an important source of pertussis infection for younger children. In addition, our results provide a more comprehensive spatial picture of seasonality in Australia, a feature lacking in previous studies. Finally, our findings suggest that seasonal forcing may be useful to consider in future population transmission models of pertussis.

  • Effect of season on fatty acid and terpene profiles of milk from Greek sheep raised under a semi-extensive production system

  • Loukas Papaloukas, Efthymios Sinapis, George Arsenos, George Kyriakou, Zoitsa Basdagianni
  • Journal:
    Journal of Dairy Research / Volume 83 / Issue 3 / August 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    07 September 2016, pp. 375-382
    Print publication:
    August 2016

  • The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of season on the fatty acid and terpene composition in ewe milk. A total of 760 samples of bulk sheep milk were collected during winter (147 samples), spring (314 samples) and summer (299 samples) of 2011, from 90 commercial farms of dairy sheep from the prefecture of Grevena, Greece. Regarding fatty acid composition, summer samples had higher concentrations of α-linolenic acid, cis-9, trans 11- CLA, trans-11, C18 : 1 and PUFAs but lower content of saturated fatty acids particularly C12 : 0, C14 : 0 and C16 : 0. The winter milk had the lowest content of terpenes, in particular sesquiterpenes, compared to spring and summer milk. The terpene profile of milk samples, in all three seasons, revealed the presence of monoterpenes: a-pinene, b-pinene and D-limonene, especially with a higher frequency of appearance in summer. The most common and abundant sesquiterpenes found in milk samples were β-caryophyllene and α-caryophyllene with a higher frequency of appearance in summer. In conclusion, the available pastures in semi-extensive farming systems can contribute to the production of high quality milk.

  • Response of human melatonin secretion to changes in nightlength (scotoperiod): Implications for seasonal affective disorder and other psychiatric illnesses

  • T.A. Wehr
  • Journal:
    Acta Neuropsychiatrica / Volume 7 / Issue 2 / June 1995
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    18 September 2015, pp. 35-37

  • Many of the dramatic seasonal changes that occur in animals are triggered by changes in the length of night. Changes in the duration of melatonin secretion, which usually occurs exclusively at night and therefore lasts longer in winter than in summer, often act as a chemical transducer of the effects of seasonal changes in night-length on animals' behavior and physiology. Cells in sites that regulate seasonal behaviors, such as those associated with breeding, appear to possess melatonin receptors and interval timing mechanisms that enable them to detect melatonin and measure the duration of the nightly interval when it is present. These sites then trigger changes that are appropriate for the season that is indexed by the measured length of the interval.

  • (Ton)silly seasons? Do atmospheric conditions actually affect post-tonsillectomy secondary haemorrhage rates?

  • B Cadd, M Rogers, H Patel, G Crossland
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 129 / Issue 7 / July 2015
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 June 2015, pp. 702-705
    Print publication:
    July 2015
  • Background:

    Tonsillectomy is a common procedure, with potentially life-threatening complications. Previous investigations into post-tonsillectomy secondary haemorrhage rates suggest an influence of climactic and atmospheric conditions on haemorrhage rate, particularly temperature and water vapour pressure. With a single emergency department and a large variance in atmospheric conditions, Darwin, Australia, is ideal for investigating the effects of local climate on rates of post-operative haemorrhage.

    Methods:

    A five-year retrospective review was conducted of all tonsillectomy procedures performed between 2008 and 2013. Effects of atmospheric variables were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient and analysis of variance.

    Results:

    A total of 941 patients underwent tonsillectomy in the study period. The bleeding rate was 7.7 per cent. No variation was found between wet and dry season tonsillectomies (p = 0.4). Temperature (p = 0.74), water vapour pressure (p = 0.94) and humidity (p = 0.66) had no effect on bleeding.

    Conclusion:

    The findings revealed no correlation between humidity, season, water vapour pressure and haemorrhage rates. Further research should use multi-site data to investigate the effect of air conditioning, humidification and climactic conditions between different regions in Australia.

  • Seasonal variation in the occurrence of delirium in patients admitted to medical units of a general hospital in Italy

  • Massimo Gallerani, Roberto Manfredini
  • Journal:
    Acta Neuropsychiatrica / Volume 25 / Issue 3 / June 2013
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    26 February 2013, pp. 179-183
  • Objective

    Delirium syndrome is common in the hospitalised population. However, data on its aetiological factors are scarce. Clinical observations suggest a relationship between delirium occurrence and seasons. The aim of study was to determine whether a seasonal variation exists in the occurrence of delirium events in‐hospital patients.

    Methods

    The study included all admissions to the medical units of the Hospital of Ferrara, Italy, between January 2002 and December 2010. On the basis of date admission, cases have been analysed for seasonal variation (four 3‐month intervals by seasons) by means of conventional statistics. Moreover, cases categorised into twelve 1‐month intervals were also analysed by means of a validated chronobiologic inferential method (single cosinor) to search for cyclic variability.

    Results

    During the analysed period, the hospital database contained 74 379 records referring to 42 625 subjects (52.7% females). Delirium diagnoses were 1300 (1.7% of total sample), 668 of whom in females (51.4%) and 632 in males (48.6%). Events of delirium were more frequent in winter and autumn (26.6 and 26.5%, respectively) than in spring (23.5%) and summer (23.4%). Chronobiological analysis yielded a significant peak of delirium events in January, when considering both the total raw number of cases and the percent of admissions.

    Conclusions

    The study seems to indicate in patients hospitalised in medical units, a higher rate of occurrence of delirium in autumn‐winter, similar to that reported for acute medical diseases. The role of possible underlying favouring or triggering factors deserves further research.

  • Celebration of seasonally based holidays and festivals in Japan: a study in cultural adaptation

  • Steven L. Renshaw
  • Journal:
    Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 7 / Issue S278 / January 2011
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    26 July 2011, pp. 308-314
    Print publication:
    January 2011
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  • The way in which Japan adopted methods and practices related to celebrations of seasonally based holidays and festivals provides an interesting study in how one culture may incorporate and modify the astronomically related practices of another. This article explores this process by looking at: (1) astronomical bases of seasonal celebration in Japan, (2) Japanese values and adaptations of imported icons and practices, (3) changes in celebratory practice due to adoption of ‘Western’ methods, and (4) observation in modern Japan.

  • Diet composition of pregnant Finnish women: changes over time and across seasons

  • Marianne Prasad, Mirka Lumia, Maijaliisa Erkkola, Heli Tapanainen, Carina Kronberg-Kippilä, Jetta Tuokkola, Ulla Uusitalo, Olli Simell, Riitta Veijola, Mikael Knip, Marja-Leena Ovaskainen, Suvi M Virtanen
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 13 / Issue 6A / June 2010
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 June 2010, pp. 939-946
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  • Objective

    To describe the diet of a population of pregnant Finnish women over a period of 7 years, with special attention paid to seasonal fluctuations in food consumption and nutrient intake.

    Design

    A validated 181-item FFQ was applied retrospectively, after delivery, to assess the maternal diet during the 8th month of pregnancy.

    Setting

    Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Nutrition Study Cohort.

    Subjects

    The cohort comprised a total of 4880 women who had newly delivered during the years 1997–2004, with the offspring carrying increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus.

    Results

    Over the study period, the proportion of energy derived from fat decreased while the intake from protein and carbohydrate increased. The intake of vitamin D increased from food sources. Seasonal variation was observed in the mean daily consumption of vegetables, fruits and berries and cereals. Intake of dietary fibre, total fat, MUFA, vitamins A, D, E and C, folate and iron also showed seasonal fluctuation.

    Conclusions

    These results show an overall positive trend in the diet of pregnant Finnish women through the study years. However, there is still room for improvement, particularly in the types of dietary fats. Although food fortification with vitamin D since 2003 was reflected in the increased intake of vitamin D from foods, the mean intake levels still fell below the recommendations. Seasonal changes in food consumption were observed and related to corresponding fluctuations in nutrient intakes. The mean folate intake fell below the recommendation throughout the year.

  • Effects of weather variability on infectious gastroenteritis

  • D. ONOZUKA, M. HASHIZUME, A. HAGIHARA
  • Journal:
    Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 138 / Issue 2 / February 2010
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    14 August 2009, pp. 236-243
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  • Although multiple combinations of weather variability may contribute to an increased incidence of infectious gastrointestinal disease, few studies have investigated the association between weather variability and cases of infectious gastroenteritis. We acquired data for infectious gastroenteritis cases and weather variability in Fukuoka, Japan, from 1999 to 2007 and used time-series analysis to assess the effects of weather variability on infectious gastroenteritis cases, adjusting for confounding factors. In total, 422 176 infectious gastroenteritis cases were reported during the 9-year study period. The weekly number of infectious gastroenteritis cases increased by 7·7% (95% CI 4·6–10·8) for every 1°C increase in the average temperature and by 2·3% (95% CI 1·4–3·1) for every 1% decrease in relative humidity. From 1999 to 2007, infectious gastroenteritis cases increased significantly with increased average temperature and decreased relative humidity in Fukuoka, Japan.

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