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2 results

  • Nasogastric nutrition is efficacious in severe acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • Deirdre M. Nally, Enda G. Kelly, Mary Clarke, Paul Ridgway
  • Journal:
    British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 112 / Issue 11 / 14 December 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    21 October 2014, pp. 1769-1778
    Print publication:
    14 December 2014
    • Article
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  • In patients with severe acute pancreatitis (AP), enteral nutrition is delivered by nasojejunal (NJ) tube to minimise pancreatic stimulation. Nasogastric (NG) feeding represents an alternative route. The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of NG feeding. Secondary objectives were to compare the NG and NJ routes and assess the side effects of the former. The primary endpoint was exclusive NG feeding with delivery of 75 % of nutritional targets. Additional outcomes included change to total parenteral nutrition (TPN), increased pain or disease severity, vomiting, diarrhoea, delivery rate reduction and tube displacement. Among the retrieved studies, six were found to be eligible for the qualitative review and four for the meta-analysis. NG nutrition was received by 147 patients; exclusive NG feeding was achieved in 90 % (133/147). Of the 147 patients, 129 (87 %) received 75 % of the target energy. In studies where all subjects received exclusive NG nutrition, 82 % (seventy-four of the ninety patients) received >75 % of the intended energy. Compared with NJ nutrition, there was no significant difference in the delivery of 75 % of nutritional targets (pooled risk ratio (RR) 1·02; 95 % CI 0·75, 1·38.) or no increased risk of change to TPN (pooled RR 1·05; 95 % CI 0·45, 2·48), diarrhoea (pooled RR 1·28; 95 % CI 0·62, 2·66), exacerbation of pain (pooled RR 1·10; 95 % CI 0·47, 2·61) or tube displacement (pooled RR 0·44; 95 % CI 0·11, 1·73). Vomiting and diarrhoea were the most common side effects of NG feeding (13·3 and 12·9 %, respectively). With respect to the delivery of nutrition, 11·2 % of the patients required delivery rate reduction and 3·4 % dislodged the tube. Other side effects included elevated levels of aspirates (9·1 %), abdominal distension (1·5 %), pain exacerbation (7·5 %) and increased disease severity (1·6 %). In conclusion, NG feeding is efficacious in 90 % of patients. Further research is required to optimise the delivery of NG nutrition and examine ‘gut-rousing’ approaches to nutrition in patients with severe AP.

  • Chapter 45 - Obstetric emergencies in the ICU

  • from Section III: - Organ dysfunction and management
  • Edited by Fang Gao Smith, University of Warwick
  • Edited in association with Joyce Yeung
  • Book:
    Core Topics in Critical Care Medicine
    Published online:
    06 July 2010
    Print publication:
    22 April 2010, pp 349-359

  • Summary

    After gallstones, alcohol is the second most common cause of acute pancreatitis. The mechanism of alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis is incompletely understood, although some evidence points to increased sensitivity of acinar cell cholecystokinin receptors leading to increased release of trypsin. Patients typically present with pepigastric pain, often radiating to the back, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. On account of the wide spectrum of disease severity in acute pancreatitis there is particular interest in prognostic indicators that may help to determine the requirement for therapeutic interventions. A number of scoring systems such as Glasgow score, have been developed to attempt risk stratification in acute pancreatitis. The mainstay of treatment in severe acute pancreatitis is supportive care. The mortality associated with the first peak in the biphasic mortality curve is attributable to systemic inflammatory response and multiple organ failure. Full intensive care support may be necessary including ventilatory, cardiovascular and renal support.