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3 results

  • Thrombocytopenia in dengue infection: mechanisms and a potential application

  • Ahmad Suhail Khazali, Waqiyuddin Hilmi Hadrawi, Fatimah Ibrahim, Shatrah Othman, Nurshamimi Nor Rashid
  • Journal:
    Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine / Volume 26 / 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    14 October 2024, e26
    • Article
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  • Thrombocytopenia is a common symptom and one of the warning signs of dengue virus (DENV) infection. Platelet depletion is critical as it may lead to other severe dengue symptoms. Understanding the molecular events of this condition during dengue infection is challenging because of the multifaceted factors involved in DENV infection and the dynamics of the disease progression. Platelet levels depend on the balance between platelet production and platelet consumption or clearance. Megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis, two interdependent processes in platelet production, are hampered during dengue infection. Conversely, platelet elimination via platelet activation, apoptosis and clearance processes are elevated. Together, these anomalies contribute to thrombocytopenia in dengue patients. Targeting the molecular events of dengue-mediated thrombocytopenia shows great potential but still requires further investigation. Nonetheless, the application of new knowledge in this field, such as immature platelet fraction analysis, may facilitate physicians in monitoring the progression of the disease.

  • Role of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor expression in eosinophils of patients with allergic rhinitis, and effect of topical nasal steroid treatment on this receptor expression

  • T Mackle, S S Gendy, M Walsh, R McConn-Walsh, R W Costello, M-T Walsh
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 122 / Issue 12 / December 2008
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    23 September 2008, pp. 1309-1317
    Print publication:
    December 2008
  • Objective:

    Recent research has indicated that sphingosine 1-phosphate plays a role in allergy. This study examined the effect of allergen challenge on the expression of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors on the eosinophils of allergic rhinitis patients, and the effect of steroid treatment on this expression.

    Study design:

    A prospective, non-randomised study.

    Methods:

    The study had three parts. Firstly, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor expression on the eosinophils of allergic rhinitis patients and control patients was determined. Secondly, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor expression was quantified pre- and post-allergen challenge, before and after a short course of fluticasone propionate; all patients underwent symptom scoring and peak nasal inspiratory flow measurement pre- and post-allergen challenge, both before and after steroid or saline treatment. Thirdly, the effect of sphingosine 1-phosphate on eosinophil migration was examined.

    Results:

    The eosinophils of both allergic rhinitis patients and controls expressed sphingosine 1-phosphate1, 3, 4, and 5. Eosinophils from all allergic rhinitis patients demonstrated up-regulation in sphingosine 1-phosphate expression after allergen challenge. These changes were statistically very significant for sphingosine 1-phosphate1, 4, and 5, and moderately significant for sphingosine 1-phosphate3. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor expression up-regulation was abolished in the steroid-treated group after allergen challenge; however, the saline-treated group showed no change in sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor expression after allergen challenge. Peak nasal inspiratory flow scores were significantly diminished after allergen challenge prior to treatment, but not after a course of topical nasal steroids. Sphingosine 1-phosphate induced eosinophil chemotaxis was increased following allergen challenge in allergic rhinitis subjects.

    Conclusions:

    Local intranasal steroid therapy acts directly to block allergen-induced up-regulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors on the peripheral eosinophils of allergic rhinitis patients, and this is coincident with post-challenge peak nasal inspiratory flow measurement improvements. These observations support the idea that such an increase in sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor expression is clinically relevant in allergic rhinitis, with potential consequences for eosinophil migration and survival.

  • Sphingolipid signalling: molecular basis and role in TNF-α-induced cell death

  • Sophie Malagarie-Cazenave, Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie, Bruno Ségui, Valérie Gouazé, Claudine Tardy, Olivier Cuvillier, Thierry Levade
  • Journal:
    Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine / Volume 4 / Issue 28 / 20 December 2002
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 February 2004, pp. 1-15

  • Various lipidic molecules serve as second messengers for transducing signals from the cell surface to the cell interior and trigger specific cellular responses. Sphingolipids represent a complex group of lipids that have recently emerged as new transducers in eukaryotic cells. Several sphingolipid molecules are able to modulate cell growth, differentiation and death. This review summarises current knowledge of the signalling functions of sphingolipids, especially in the regulation of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-mediated cytotoxic effects. TNF-α is a multifaceted cytokine that controls a wide range of immune responses in mammals, including induction of programmed cell death (also called apoptosis). On the basis of recent observations, a working model is proposed for the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of sphingolipid generation following TNF-α receptor 1 activation. The implications of these findings for the development of future pharmacological strategies to prevent the cytotoxic TNF-α response and subsequent cellular dysfunctions (as seen in various human diseases) are discussed.