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  • 9 - Turning Social Capital into a Working Wage

  • Edited by Colleen McLaughlin, University of Cambridge, Alan Ruby, University of Pennsylvania
  • Book:
    Politics and Knowledge Shaping Educational Reform
    Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025, pp 135-152

  • Summary

    This chapter examines how teachers in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, overcome economic adversity owing to the high cost of living in urban areas and low official compensation for teachers. Focusing on ten schools in Bishkek, this study investigates the mechanisms employed by teachers, principals, and school administrators across the city to counter a single teacher salary reform introduced in 2011 and maintain the status quo. The study illustrates the endurance of longstanding norms and social hierarchies within the teaching workforce in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. It identifies a number of mechanisms employed by teachers and administrators to overcome their disadvantaged position in the labor market. This includes utilizing agency and drawing on social capital to forge ties between teachers and principals (as well as policymakers) in order to maximize formal earnings and to normalize the practice of unofficial school fee collection from parents. The chapter illustrates ways in which teachers and schools have the capacity to ignore, modify, and altogether undo centrally mandated education reforms.