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  • 2 - How 3D Printing Works and Why it Matters

  • Lucas S. Osborn
  • Book:
    3D Printing and Intellectual Property
    Published online:
    24 July 2019
    Print publication:
    05 September 2019, pp 26-41

  • Summary

    Chapter 2 tackles a key technological concept – the various file formats used in the design and manufacturing process. These include design files (CAD), surface-mesh files (STL), and machine-instruction files (GCODE). Understanding how IP law will apply to 3D printing requires an understanding of these file formats because the law will treat each format differently. Crucially, 3D printing technology shifts economic value from tangible objects to these file formats, particularly to surface-mesh files, which are the most widely sold format. This change in the locus of economic value is important because IP law may not protect 3D printable files in the same manner as tangible objects. The chapter also describes the various kinds of 3D printers on the market and important complementary technologies, like 3D scanners. Finally, it describes the many participants in the IP ecosystem.