If there were a God, what would the right human attitude to God be? The unreflective and generally assumed answer is ‘worship’. But what exactly is worship? What attitude is being mandated by the claim that human beings owe the deity worship? Furthermore, both Judaism and Christianity represent the relationship God desires with human persons as intimate and joyful. But worship is often understood as a recognition of God’s transcendent greatness. Could recognition of one’s distance from God be compatible with joyful closeness to God? In this paper, I explore these questions by examining the understanding of worship given by Aquinas and Calvin. I argue that the answers to these questions not only illuminate the nature of worship but also make a difference to our understanding of the notion of the true self.

Dionysius endorses the Platonic position that love is a human response to beauty, and furthermore that the human quest for contemplation involves purification both of our understanding of beauty and of our experience of love. Dionysius’ understanding of both beauty and love goes beyond what we find in Plato; some of these changes belong to the development of the Platonic tradition, and especially to Plotinus, others to the Christian tradition. In the former case, beauty is understood less in terms of symmetry and more in terms of transparency to higher realities. This leads in Dionysius to a sense of beauty being a means of Theophany: God is manifest as beauty cascading through the different ontological levels of being. It is, however, crucial for Dionysius that this manifestation of beauty is seen in the way in which God’s love for all that exists is communicated through the ranks of being; this dimension he owes to his own Christian tradition. This enables Dionysius to integrate this understanding of being drawn to God through beauty with his understanding of the Church, both celestial and earthly, as essentially hierarchical, in which purification is experienced through participation in the rites of the Church.