This chapter discusses the airway assessment specific to maxillofacial work and airway management in dento-alveolar surgery, upper airway tumours (intraoral), orthognathic surgery, maxillofacial trauma and infections. Minor surgery involving the teeth and teeth bearing portions of the jaws is known collectively as dento-alveolar surgery and is the most common form of maxillofacial surgery. One of the most challenging groups of patients with maxillofacial surgery is those returning to theatre after head and neck reconstruction. Orthognathic surgery is carried out to correct growth deformity or secondary to trauma. Intra-operative inter-maxillary fixation (IMF) means that nasal intubation is mandatory. Surgical damage to the tracheal tube can occasionally occur intra-operatively. The majority of maxillofacial trauma occurs in young males. Inter-personal violence accounts for a progressively larger proportion of maxillofacial trauma. Laryngotracheal injury occurs in around 1:5000 of maxillofacial trauma cases, but can be life-threatening.