This study explored the multidimensionality of voice climate, extending the theoretical model to incorporate three components: encouragement, safety, and efficacy. The utility of this multidimensional conceptualisation as a determinant of affective organisational commitment, work engagement, neglect, and exit was then examined. Online questionnaires were completed by 119 employees from several organisations (Mage = 36, SD = 14). Factor analysis confirmed the multidimensional nature of voice climate and path analysis suggested that organisations may benefit by focusing on each of the voice climate dimensions. Voice encouragement was positively associated with work engagement and affective organisational commitment, while voice climate efficacy was positively related to work engagement. Future research should consider the specific antecedents of each component of voice climate as well as their differential impact on important organisational outcomes, while factoring in appropriate time lag effects.
