With local domestication, a theme from Chapter 6, rice becomes something to consider – was it domesticated in India or not, and how does the Indus play a role in this narrative? By carefully exploring the types of evidence available (biogeographies, genetics, archaeological and archaeobotanical), Chapter 7 takes a methodical approach to this highly disputed topic.

Chapter 2 explores Pentecostal ethics, and how urban Pentecostal churches in Rwanda attempted to Pentecostalise ubwenge, a traditional concept often translated as ‘intelligence’, ‘wisdom’, or even ‘cunning’. It traces discursive attempts on the part of Pentecostal pastors to show that the ‘spirit of intelligence’ (umwuka w’ubwenge) had divine origins. Moving from discourse to practice, the chapter also considers how young Pentecostals employed ubwenge in their own lives, using it to navigate relationships both within the church and with the state.

To begin a tour of research on implicit bias, the construct must be defined conceptually and operationally, and Section 1 does just that. As we shall see, the accumulated literature has been characterized by definitional divergences that merit investigation and resolution.

THE TIME OF DHARMAPALA AND VIVEKANANDA

Few people living at that time would have had an inkling as to the importance of Chicago's 1893 World Parliament of Religions in the history of modern South Asia. Every school student in India will have read in their history textbooks about the big event in Chicago more than a century ago that gave to Indian history the figure of Swami Vivekananda, considered by many to be the founder of modern Hinduism. And yet, neither was the parliament a very unique event—there had been many efforts at inter-faith dialogue—nor was the Columbia world exposition, a gigantic exhibition of colonial and industrial wares organized to commemorate the ‘discovery’ of the Americas by Christopher Columbus 400 years earlier, the first of its kind. We can only guess that there was something fortuitous about the particular historical moment that allowed a struggling monk to gain fame and reputation that even he never expected, which in turn became the foundation for his subsequent renown and after-life in India.

By the 1870s and 1880s, the emerging professional middle class, or the bhadralok, in Bengal, the oldest British province in the Indian colony, found themselves caught between the ‘myths of improvement’ of the Bengal Renaissance and ‘nationalist deliverance’. The resulting ideological ferment led many members of the bhadralok to engage with, and fashion, new forms of public discourse, social respectability, aesthetics and morality, attendant gender and community norms, and, eventually, political mobilization. This powerful Indian, western-educated elite debated not only some of the most fashionable ideas and theories of the day like Darwinism, comparative religions and nationalism but also generated new ideas about Indian history, civilizations and social reform in a colonial milieu. In fact, as Tanika Sarkar argues, religion, family and community norms became sites of self-fashioning for the emerging intelligentsia. The bhadralok class comprised government servants, professionals, scholars, men of commerce and men of the arts, who constituted a self-appointed ‘native’ intelligentsia.

But the 1890s were an especially formative decade. The age of consent controversy had whipped up a public frenzy in Calcutta, which served as a foundation for future nationalist activity. Elsewhere, in north India, it was a decade of violent communal rioting between Hindus and Muslims as the cow protection movement gained ground.

The chapter surveys the nationalization of politics after 1890, particularly the impact of naval-building and its financial costs. It also analyzes the patterns of voting behavior.

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions affecting women and men of all ages. This chapter explores population-level data collected in women with epilepsy (WWE). It begins with an overview of the epidemiology of epilepsy and differences between males and females, then examines common epilepsy comorbidities (depression and anxiety). Finally, this chapter looks at special issues females with epilepsy may encounter through the lifespan starting with childhood and adolescence, running through the reproductive years and into the menopausal transition. The data first introduced in this chapter will be expanded upon in subsequent subject-specific chapters (these are highlighted in each section below).

• ◦ This collusive episode had firms communicating through coded messages on one of the firms’ publicly accessible websites.

• ◦ Like many gasoline markets, prices were subject to price cycles; here, the cycles were on the order of one to two weeks. Communication was key for the market leader Circle K to signal to all firms when to raise price and initiate a new cycle. The way it did this was to provide a coded message on its website. Changing the “valid from” date for the recommended price to the current date signaled for all firms to raise their pump prices to the recommended price. While Circle K typically changed the recommended price, there are instances in which it was left unchanged and only the “valid from” date was updated. Within hours, all firms raised their pump prices to the recommended price on Circle K’s website.

• ◦ Circle K’s communication practice is neither express communication nor price signaling and is properly viewed as non-express communication for which there is a clearly identifiable announcement in the form of updating the “valid from” date to the current date.

The chapter examines conflicts between German expellee organizations and their critics about how the Heimat concept should be understood. It traces these conflicts through a study of annual expellee Heimat meetings – dynamic and often explosive events which involved personal reunion, cultural displays, political spectacles, children’s events, and medialized debates. Expellee leaders and their critics conflicted over whether Heimat should moderate or strengthen national sentiment. Loss of Heimat based on national ethnicity and redrawing of national borders underpinned more nationalist interpretations of Heimat in the expellee organizations. National politicization of expellee Heimat feeling, however, did not rely on personal intention to return to the East as some have argued. Nationally strident demands for a right to the Heimat in the East were also deeply bound up in recognition politics. Claims that expellee children had a right to Heimat in the East triggered further conflicts over the concept. Opponents of the expellee societies denounced their efforts to depict Heimat in the East as an ethnic inheritance and argued that personal experience of place was essential to the concept.

Chapter 1 introduces the argument, summarises the findings, and describes the conceptual framework applied throughout the book to analyse UN mediation as a gendered-colonial institution. It begins by noting the slow progress of the WPS Agenda in UN mediation, which the scholarly literature has not adequately addressed. It also stakes out the significance of WPS in UN mediation for the realisation of women's right to political participation, the advancement of gender equality in post-conflict contexts, and the diffusion of international approaches to gender-sensitive mediation from the UN to other organisations. The next section discusses how UN mediation can be analysed as an institution and identifies the key concepts and techniques used in parsing its gendered institutional logics. It also argues for using decolonial concepts of gender in studying the UN. Next, the chapter describes the interpretive research design and considers the ethical and practical implications of this approach. Last, the chapter concludes with an overview of each chapter.

The paper offers a cognitive linguistic analysis of metaphors informing the conceptualization of sentence structure. In line with cognitive linguistics, it is assumed that the construal of this highly abstract conceptual domain necessarily has a metaphorical basis. Accordingly, it is argued that key differences between alternative syntactic theories can be linked to the metaphorical choices they make. The paper begins with a critical comparison of constituency- and dependency-oriented syntax. The key virtue of the latter is seen in its ability to focus on relation types rather than unit types and unit boundaries. It is then argued that THE SENTENCE IS A BUILDING serves as the core metaphor underlying constituency analysis, whereas THE SENTENCE IS A FAMILY may play a similar role in dependency grammar. The final part of the paper discusses two instructive metaphors invented by Sámuel Brassai, both supporting a dependency grammatical understanding of sentences, namely THE SENTENCE IS A FEUDAL SOCIETY and THE SENTENCE IS A SOLAR SYSTEM. It is demonstrated that each of Brassai’s metaphors has its share of advantages and may be of great service to dependency grammar in language pedagogy.